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{{Short description|North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season}}
{{Infobox hurricane season
|Track=1969 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary.jpg
|Basin=NIO
|Year=1969
|First storm formed=Unknown
|Last storm dissipated=Unknown
|Strongest storm name=
|Strongest storm winds=
|Strongest storm pressure=
|Total disturbances=14
|Total depressions=
|Total storms=6
|Total hurricanes=1
|Fatalities=
|Damages=
|five seasons=[[1967 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1967]], [[1968 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1968]], '''1969''', [[1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1970]], [[1971 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1971]]
|Atlantic season=1969 Atlantic hurricane season
|East Pacific season=1969 Pacific hurricane season
|West Pacific season=1969 Pacific typhoon season
}}
The '''1969 North Indian Ocean cyclone season''' is an active cyclone season. It has no bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with peaks in May and November. The season has no official bounds but cyclones tend to form between April and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern [[Indian Ocean]]. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean—the [[Bay of Bengal]] to the east of the [[Indian subcontinent]] and the [[Arabian Sea]] to the west of India. The official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre]] in this basin is the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD), while the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] releases unofficial advisories. An average of four to six storms form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November.<ref name="IMD1">{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |title=IMD Cyclone Warning Services: Tropical Cyclones |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |accessdate=May 10, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081104064430/http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |archivedate=4 November 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cyclones occurring between the meridians [[45th meridian east|45°E]] and [[100th meridian east|100°E]] are included in the season by the IMD.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=January 2009 |accessdate=May 10, 2013 |title=Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over the North Indian During 2008 |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529004113/http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |archivedate=May 29, 2009 }}</ref>
__TOC__
{{clear}}

==Seasonal summary==
<center><timeline>
ImageSize = width:800 height:215
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:50 left:20
Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270
AlignBars = early
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/05/1969 till:30/12/1969
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/05/1969
Colors =
id:canvas value:gray(0.88)
id:GP value:red
id:TD value:rgb(0.5,0.8,1) legend:Depression_(31–50_km/h)
id:DD value:rgb(0.37,0.73,1) legend:Deep_Depression_(51–62_km/h)
id:CS value:rgb(0,0.98,0.96) legend:Cyclonic_Storm_(63–88_km/h)
id:SCS value:rgb(0.8,1,1) legend:Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(89–117_km/h)
id:VSCS value:rgb(1,1,0.8) legend:Very_Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(118–165_km/h)
id:ESCS value:rgb(1,0.76,0.25) legend:Extremely_Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(166–220_km/h)
id:SuCS value:rgb(1,0.38,0.38) legend:Super_Cyclonic_Storm_(≥221_km/h)
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bar:Month
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barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till
from:14/05/1969 till:19/05/1969 color:CS text:"One (CS)"
from:05/06/1969 till:06/06/1969 color:TD text:"Two (D)"
from:16/06/1969 till:20/06/1969 color:TD text:"Three (D)"
from:28/07/1969 till:01/08/1969 color:DD text:"Four (DD)"
from:08/08/1969 till:08/08/1969 color:TD text:"Five (D)"
from:13/08/1969 till:16/08/1969 color:CS text:"Six (CS)"
barset:break

bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas
from:01/05/1969 till:31/05/1969 text:May
from:01/06/1969 till:30/06/1969 text:June
from:01/07/1969 till:31/07/1969 text:July
from:01/08/1969 till:31/08/1969 text:August
from:01/09/1969 till:30/09/1969 text:September
from:01/10/1969 till:30/10/1969 text:October
from:01/11/1969 till:30/11/1969 text:November
from:01/12/1969 till:30/12/1969 text:December
</timeline></center>

==Systems==
===Cyclonic Storm One===
{{Infobox hurricane small
|Basin=NIO
|Formed=May 14
|Dissipated=May 19
|Image=1969 Andhra Pradesh cyclone.png
|Track=
|3-min winds=45
|Prewinds=≥
|Pressure=989
}}
A low-pressure area on the [[Bay of Bengal]] intensified to a depression on May 14. Moving west-northwest, it further strengthened to a deep depression on the next day, with ships in the area reporting below gale-force winds and a cyclonic storm on May 16. [[ESSA-8]] satellite imageries reported that the storm has winds equivalent to a Category 2 storm at that time, before crossing the coast between [[Ongole]] and [[Masulipatam]] (now Machilipatnam) on the next day, maintaining its intensity. Inland, it rapidly weakened to a depression and an area of low-pressure on May 19 and 20, respectively.<ref name="IMD2"/>

Heavy rains and gusty winds were reported on the northern parts of [[Andhra Pradesh]], causing widespread destruction and unprecedented floods. [[Chinaganjam|Chinnaganjam]] got the highest rainfall amount from the system, at {{cvt|31|cm|mm}}. Over 600 individuals and a few lakh heads of cattle were rendered dead as a result of the storm, while many croplands were destroyed. Total loss was estimated to be at a hundred crores of rupees.<ref name="IMD2"/><ref name="wb">{{cite report|date=1997-04-11|title=Technical Annex on a Proposed Loan and Credit to India for an Andhra Pradesh Hazard Mitigation and Emergency Cyclone Recovery Project|page=Attachment 16|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/1997/04/11/000009265_3970818103327/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=World Bank}}</ref>
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===Depression Two===
{{Infobox hurricane small
|Basin=NIO
|Formed=June 5
|Dissipated=June 6
|Image=
|Track=
|3-min winds=20
|Pressure=998.4
}}
A trough of low-pressure was first located over the east-central portion of [[Arabian Sea]], off [[Mysore]] and southern coasts of [[Maharastra]]. It further extended and moved northwards before becoming well-marked by June 3. On the next day, a depression formed from this feature near south [[Gujarat]] and north Maharastra coasts, two days later. This time, it tracked east-northeastwards before crossing land near [[Diu, India|Diu]] on June 6, where [[Veraval]] recorded its peak winds from the northwest of {{convert|20|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}}, while its [[barometric pressure]] toppled at {{cvt|998.9|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|comma=off|sigfig=4}} on [[Mahuva, Bhavnagar|Mahuva]]. It subsequently weakened to a low-pressure area that day.<ref name="IMD2">{{cite report|title=India Weather Review Annual Summary — Part-C: Storms and Depressions 1969|url=ftp://ftp.library.noaa.gov/docs.lib/htdocs/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED280.pdf|publisher=India Meteorological Department|year=1969|access-date=August 2, 2021|format=PDF}}</ref>

Under the influence of the system, the monsoon advanced on the Arabian Sea, particularly on Maharastra and south Gujarat coasts from June 6{{snd}}7.<ref name="IMD2"/>
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===Depression Three===
{{Infobox hurricane small
|Basin=NIO
|Formed=June 16
|Dissipated=June 20
|Image=
|Track=
|3-min winds=30
|Pressure=1001.8
}}
A cyclonic circulation formed over the Bay of Bengal on June 15. This feature spawned a low-pressure area on the basin which intensified to a depression on the evening of the next day. Ship ATAF reported winds of {{convert|30|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}}, a minimum pressure of {{cvt|1001.8|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|comma=off|sigfig=4}} and intermittent rains on that day. Its wind speeds were equivalent of a modern-day deep depression; however, the IMD treated the system a depression, as such. Later, it slowed down as it moved northwards before taking a northwesterly turn as it accelerated towards [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]]). On July 20 in the night, it made landfall on the country near [[Chittagong]] before rapidly weakening to a low-pressure area and merging with the seasonal trough over [[Assam]].<ref name="IMD2"/>

Widespread rainfall were reported on Assam on July 20 as a result of the system.<ref name="IMD2"/>
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===Deep Depression Four===
{{Infobox hurricane small
|Basin=NIO
|Formed=July 28
|Dissipated=August 1
|Image=Deep Depression Four 1969.png
|Track=
|3-min winds=
|Type1=deepdepression
|Pressure=990.7
}}
After a month-long inactivity over the basin, a low-pressure area developed over the northwest portion of the Bay of Bengal on July 26. It became well-marked by that evening and a depression on July 28. Moving northwestward, it further became a deep depression on the next day, with Sandheads recording a minimum pressure of {{cvt|990.7|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|comma=off|sigfig=4}} that day. [[ESSA-8]] satellite imagery on July 29 depicted that the bands of the system located on all of its peripheries. Before the afternoon of the next day, it moved over [[Balasore]] while continuing its movement before weakening to a depression over [[Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh]] that evening. It shifted its movement towards the west on July 31 before degrading further to a low-pressure area over [[Madhya Pradesh]] on the first day of August.<ref name="IMD2"/>

Under the storm's influence, the monsoon further became active in eastern Madhya Pradesh and Orissa (now [[Odisha]]). [[Bhubaneshwar]] recorded the heaviest rainfall from the system on July 30 at {{cvt|28|cm|mm}}, while its remnants produced light downpour at [[Hoshangabad]] and [[Pachmarhi]] on August 2. According to press reports, these rains caused flooding on many districts in Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and [[Jagdalpur]]. Villages in these areas and near rivers were inundated and traffics were affected.<ref name="IMD2"/>
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===Depression Five===
{{Infobox hurricane small
|Basin=NIO
|Formed=August 8
|Dissipated=August 8
|Image=Depression Five 1969.png
|Track=
|3-min winds=
|Type1=niodepression
|Pressure=
}}
An area of low-pressure formed in the Bay of Bengal on August 7. It became well-marked that evening and further strengthened to a depression on the next day. Moving northwest, the system crossed the coast over [[Sundarbans]] before rapidly weakening back to a low-pressure area that day. It then moved over [[Uttar Pradesh]] on August 12, where it was last noted.<ref name="IMD2"/>

The system caused an active monsoon condition in Orissa and the Gangetic West Bengal on August 8-10. [[Dhanbad]] on August 9 reported the highest rainfall from the depression, standing at {{cvt|12|cm}}.<ref name="IMD2"/>
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=== Cyclonic Storm Six ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Formed=August 13
|Dissipated=August 16
|Image=Cyclonic Storm Six 1969.png
|Track=
|Pressure=990
|3-min winds=50 
}}
An [[Upper tropospheric cyclonic vortex|upper air cyclonic circulation]] formed over East Pakistan and the adjoining Bay of Bengal on August 12 in the morning. A low-pressure area subsequently developed on that evening before strengthening to a depression on the next day. Meteorological analysis revealed that there was a fall in pressure at that time inland the Gangetic West Bengal and Orissa. While moving west-northwestwards, it [[rapid intensification|rapidly intensified]] to a cyclonic storm near Chuksar Island, or south-southwest of [[Sagar Island]]. Sandheads reported winds of {{convert|50|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} that day, well equivalent to a severe cyclonic storm in the modern-day NIO scale, while its pressure bottomed at {{cvt|990|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|comma=off|sigfig=4}} at 17:30 IST. Continuing its course, it crossed north Orissa near Balasore that night before weakening to a deep depression, about 100 kilometres to the south of [[Jamshedpur]]. As it changed its movement towards the northwest, it further weakened to a depression before degenerating to an area of low-pressure over northwest Madhya Pradesh and the adjoining southwest [[Uttar Pradesh]] on August 16 in the evening.<ref name="IMD2"/>

The influence of the cyclone caused active monsoon conditions on Gangetic West Bengal, [[Bihar]], eastern Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and east [[Rajasthan]] from August 13-17. [[Chandabali]] got the highest amount of rainfall from the storm, at {{cvt|23|cm}} on August 14. Meanwhile, as east Rajashthan was impacted by these rains, particularly the districts of [[Chittorgarh]] and [[Jhalawar]], it caused flooding that caused road communication problems.<ref name="IMD2"/>
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=== Depression Seven ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Formed=September 6
|Dissipated=September 11
|Image=Depression Seven 1969.png
|Track=
|Pressure=
|3-min winds=
|Type=niodepression
}}
After almost another month of no activity on the basin, an east-west trough located over north Indian peninsula and a well-marked trough line over 17.0 N spawned a cyclonic circulation on September 4. A low-pressure area formed from this feature on that day before strengthening to a depression, two days later. Moving to the northwest, the storm didn't strengthen much and crossed Orissa near Gopalpur on September 7 in the morning. Despite tracking inland, a 09:13 IST ESSA-8 satellite imagery revealed a cyclonic circulation over [[Gujarat]]. Later moving in a north-northeast movement after tracking west-northwestwards and northwards, it weakened further to an area of low-pressure on September 11 before merging into the seasonal trough on the evening of the next day.<ref name="IMD2"/>

In association with the troughs, the monsoon further advanced through [[Haryana]], [[Maharastra]], Gujarat, [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], western Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar Plateau and the Gangetic West Bengal from September 5-13. [[Alwar]] in Rajasthan reported the highest rain accumulation from the storm at {{cvt|22|cm|mm}} on September 10.<ref name="IMD2"/>
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=== Depression Eight ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Formed=September 18
|Dissipated=September 23
|Image=
|Track=
|Pressure=
|3-min winds=
|Type=niodepression
}}
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=== Deep Depression Nine ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Formed=September 23
|Dissipated=September 26
|Image=
|Track=
|Pressure=1006.1
|3-min winds=30
}}
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=== Cyclonic Storm Ten ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Formed=October 9
|Dissipated=October 11
|Image=
|Track=
|Pressure=1000
|3-min winds=40 
}}
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=== Cyclonic Storm Eleven ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Formed=October 21
|Dissipated=October 23
|Image=
|Track=
|Pressure=995
|3-min winds=45
}}
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=== Severe Cyclonic Storm Twelve ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Formed=November 4
|Dissipated=November 9
|Image=File:1969 Masulipatnam cyclone.png
|Track=
|Pressure=970
|3-min winds=95
}}
Storms in May and November struck Andhra Pradesh, killing 858 people.<ref name="wb"/>
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=== Depression Thirteen ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Formed=December 11
|Dissipated=December 13
|Image=
|Track=
|Pressure=
|3-min winds=
|Type=niodepression
}}
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=== Cyclonic Storm Fourteen ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Formed=December 21
|Dissipated=December 26
|Image=
|Track=
|Pressure=995
|3-min winds=30
}}
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==See also==

* [[North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone]]
* [[List of tropical cyclone records]]
* [[1969 Atlantic hurricane season]]
* [[1969 Pacific hurricane season]]
* [[1969 Pacific typhoon season]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150517005046/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cyclone.htm India Meteorological Department]
*[http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/ Joint Typhoon Warning Center]

{{TC Decades|Year=1960|basin=North Indian Ocean|type=cyclone}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1969 North Indian Ocean Cyclone Season}}

{{#seo:
|keywords=Tropical cyclones in India, 1969 in India
|description=
}}

[[Category:1969 North Indian Ocean cyclone season| ]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in India]]
[[Category:1969 in India]]

1969 North Indian Ocean cyclone season - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 17:00, 13 August 2023