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{{Short description|War crime by the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1972}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = 1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals
| partof = the [[1971 Bangladesh genocide]]
| image = 1971 intellectuals.JPG
| image_size = 300px
| alt =
| caption =A sculpture in [[Meherpur District|Meherpur]] showing the execution of intellectuals by the Pakistan Army in 1971
| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| location = [[East Pakistan]]
| target = [[Bengali people|Bengali]] intellectuals
| coordinates =
| date = 25 March, 14 – 16 December 1971
| type = [[Deportation]], [[ethnic cleansing]], [[mass murder]]
| fatalities = 1,111<ref name=bp>{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Muazzam Hussain |year=2012 |chapter=Killing of Intellectuals |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Killing_of_Intellectuals |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>
| injuries =
| victims = 
| perps = [[Pakistan Army]]
*[[Rao Farman Ali]] [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami|Jamaat-e-Islami]] [[East Pakistan Central Peace Committee|Shanti committee]] [[Razakars (Pakistan)|Razakars]] [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al-Badr]] [[Al-Shams (East Pakistan)|Al-Shams]]
| susperps = 
| weapons =
| numparts = 
| dfens = 
| motive = }}
{{Campaignbox Bangladesh Liberation War}}
In 1971, the [[Pakistan Army]] and their local collaborators, most notably the extreme right wing militia group [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al-Badr]], engaged in the [[Genocide|systematic execution]] of [[Bengali people|Bengali]] intellectuals during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] of 1971. Bengali intellectuals were abducted, tortured and killed during the entire duration of the war as part of the [[1971 Bangladesh genocide]]. However, the largest number of systematic executions took place on 25 March and 14 December 1971, two dates that bookend the conflict. 14 December is commemorated in Bangladesh as [[Martyred Intellectuals Day]].

== Black Night of 25 March ==
{{Expand section|date=December 2022}}

On 25 March 1971, Pakistan army launched an extermination campaign, codenamed Operation Searchlight, against the Bengali people in East Pakistan.<ref name="Ganguly">{{cite book |last=Ganguly |first=Sumit |url=https://archive.org/details/conflictunending0000gang/page/60 |title=Conflict Unending: India-Pakistan Tensions Since 1947 |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-231-12369-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/conflictunending0000gang/page/60 60]}}</ref> A number of professors, physicians and journalists were abducted from their homes by armed Pakistani soldiers and their local collaborators, and executed during this operation and its aftermath.<ref>Annual Report: Dhaka University 1971–72, Dr. Mafijullah Kabir</ref><ref name="Blood">{{cite web |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/48049.pdf |title=Telegram 978 From the Consulate General in Dacca to the Department of State, March 29, 1971, 1130Z |website=US Department of State}}</ref>

== 14 December executions ==

As the war neared its end and [[Surrender of Dhaka|Pakistani surrender]] became apparent, the Pakistan Army made a final effort to eliminate the intelligentsia of the new nation of Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hensher |first=Philip |title=The war Bangladesh can never forget |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/the-war-bangladesh-can-never-forget-8501636.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/the-war-bangladesh-can-never-forget-8501636.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Independent |date=19 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On 14 December 1971, over 200 Bengali intellectuals including professors, journalists, doctors, artists, engineers, and writers were abducted from their homes in [[Dhaka]] by the [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al-Badr]] militia and the Pakistan Army. Notable novelist [[Shahidullah Kaiser]] and playwright [[Munier Choudhury]] were among the victims. They were taken blindfolded to torture cells in Mirpur, Mohammadpur, [[Nakhalpara]], Rajarbagh and other locations in different parts of the city. Later they were executed ''en masse,'' most notably at Rayerbazar and Mirpur. In memory of the martyred intellectuals, 14 December is mourned in Bangladesh as ''Shaheed Buddhijibi Dibosh'', or [[Day of the Martyred Intellectuals]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newstoday.com.bd/index.php?option=details&news_id=2331520&date=2012-12-14 |title=DU set to observe Martyred Intellectuals Day, Victory Day |work=[[News Today]] |access-date=14 December 2012 |archive-date=14 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214080454/http://www.newstoday.com.bd/index.php?option=details&news_id=2331520&date=2012-12-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

It is widely speculated that the killings of 14 December were orchestrated by Major General [[Rao Farman Ali]]. After the liberation of Bangladesh a list of Bengali intellectuals (most of whom were executed on 14 December) was discovered in a page of his diary left behind at the Governor's House. The existence of such a list was confirmed by Ali himself although he denied the motive of genocide. The same was also confirmed by [[Altaf Gauhar]], a former Pakistani bureaucrat. He mentioned an incident in which Gauhar asked Ali to remove a friend's name from the list and Ali did so in his presence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mamoon, Muntassir |author2=translation by Kushal Ibrahim |title=The Vanquished Generals and the Liberation War of Bangladesh |publisher=Somoy Prokashon |date=June 2000 |edition=First |isbn=984-458-210-5 |page=29}}</ref>

== Notable victims ==
Many notable intellectuals who were killed from 25 March to 16 December 1971 in different parts of the country include:
{{colbegin}}
* Dr. [[Abul Fazal Ziaur Rahman]] (physician)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Rahman,_Abul_Fazal_Ziaur |title=Rahman, Abul Fazal Ziaur |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-15}}</ref>
* Dr. [[ABM Nurul Alam]] (physician)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Alam,_ABM_Nurul |title=Alam, ABM Nurul |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-20}}</ref>
* [[A. B. M. Abdur Rahim]] (labor union leader)
* Dr. [[AFM Alim Chowdhury]] (ophthalmologist)
* [[Ataur Rahman Khan Khadim]] (physicist)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Khadim,_Ataur_Rahman_Khan |title=Khadim, Ataur Rahman Khan |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-07-10}}</ref>
* Dr. [[Atiqur Rahman (doctor)|Atiqur Rahman]] (doctor)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Rahman,_Atiqur |title=Rahman, Atiqur |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-13}}</ref>
* Dr. [[Azharul Haque]] (doctor)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Haque,_Azharul |title=Haque, Azharul |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-03-25}}</ref>
* Dr. [[AKM Asadul Haq]] (doctor)
* [[Altaf Mahmud]] (lyricist and musician)
* [[ANM Golam Mostafa]] (journalist)
* [[ANM Muniruzzaman]] (statistician)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Muniruzzaman,_ANM |title=Muniruzzaman, ANM |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-15}}</ref>
* Dr. [[Anwar Pasha]] (Bengali litterateur)
* Dr. [[Ayesha Bedora Choudhury]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Choudhury,_Ayesha_Bedora |title=Choudhury, Ayesha Bedora |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-11-07}}</ref>
* [[Dhirendranath Datta]] (politician)
* Dr. [[Faizul Mahi]] (educator)
* Dr. [[Fazlur Rahman Khan (geologist)|Fazlur Rahman Khan]] (geologist)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Khan,_Fazlur_Rahman2 |title=Khan, Fazlur Rahman2 |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-13}}</ref>
* Dr. [[Govinda Chandra Dev]] (philosophy)
* Dr. [[Ghyasuddin Ahmed]] (educationist)
* Dr. [[Jyotirmoy Guhathakurta]] (English literature)
* [[Anudvaipayan Bhattacharya]] (lecturer of physics)
* Dr. [[Jekrul Haque]] (physician)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Haque,_Jekrul |title=Haque, Jekrul |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-15}}</ref>
* Dr. Kalachand Roy (academic)<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/martyred-intellectuals-day-2017/my-great-mentor-dr-kalachand-roy-1504426 |title=My great mentor, Dr Kalachand Roy |date=2017-12-14 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=2017-12-13 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Harinath Dey]] (biochemist, research scientist)
* [[Khondakar Abu Taleb]] (journalist)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Taleb,_Khondakar_Abu |title=Taleb, Khondakar Abu |website=Banglapedia |access-date=20 November 2022}}</ref>
* [[Khondakar Abul Kashem]] (historian)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Kashem,_Khondakar_Abul |title=Kashem, Khondakar Abul |website=Banglapedia |access-date=20 November 2022}}</ref>
* [[Meherun Nesa]] (poet)
* [[Munier Chowdhury]] (Bengali literature)
* Dr. [[Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury]] (Bengali literature)
* [[Muhammad Habibar Rahman]] (mathematician)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Rahman,_Muhammad_Habibar |title=Rahman, Muhammad Habibar |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref>
* Dr. [[Mohammad Sadat Ali]] (business)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ali,_Mohammad_Sadat |title=Ali, Mohammad Sadat |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-05-12}}</ref>
* [[Mohammad Shamshad Ali]] (physician)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ali,_Mohammad_Shamshad |title=Ali, Mohammad Shamshad |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-15}}</ref>
* [[Muhammad Shafi (dentist)|Muhammad Shafi]] (dentist)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Shafi,_Muhammad |title=Shafi, Muhammad |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-15}}</ref>
*[[Meher Ali(Bir Muktijuddah)|Md Meher Ali]] (Soil Scientist)
* Dr. [[Abul Khair (Bengali intellectual)|M Abul Khair]] (history)
* [[M Anwarul Azim]] (industrial administrator)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Azim,_M_Anwarul |title=Azim, M Anwarul |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref>
* [[Mir Abdul Qayyum]] (psychologist)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Qayyum,_Mir_Abdul |title=Qayyum, Mir Abdul |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-15}}</ref>
* Dr. [[Mohammed Fazle Rabbee]] (cardiologist)
* Dr. [[Mohammad Mortaza]] (doctor)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mortaza,_Mohammad |title=Mortaza, Mohammad |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-03-28}}</ref>
* [[Mohammad Moazzem Hossain]] (educationist)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Hossain,_Mohammad_Moazzem |title=Hossain, Mohammad Moazzem |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-19}}</ref>
* [[Mohammad Aminuddin]] (lawyer)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Aminuddin,_Muhammad |title=Aminuddin, Muhammad |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-03-25}}</ref>
* Dr. [[Abdul Muktadir]] (geologist)<ref>{{Cite Banglapedia |article=Muktadir, Md Abdul |author=Chowdhury, Sifatul Quader}}</ref>
* [[Nizamuddin Ahmed]] (journalist)<ref>[http://adnan.quaium.com/blog/56 Story of a Martyred Intellectual of 71’s war]</ref>
* [[Nazmul Hoque Sarkar]] (lawyer)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sarkar,_Nazmul_Hoque |title=Sarkar, Nazmul Hoque |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-14}}</ref>
* Dr. [[Rashidul Hasan]] (English literature)
* [[Ranadaprasad Saha]] (philanthropist)<ref name="daily-sun2">{{cite news |url=http://www.daily-sun.com/details_yes_03-05-2013_ICT-issues-arrest-order-against-Mueen,-Ashrafuzzaman_485_1_2_1_0.html |title=ICT issues arrest order against Mueen, Ashrafuzzaman |date=3 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208160743/http://www.daily-sun.com/details_yes_03-05-2013_ICT-issues-arrest-order-against-Mueen%2C-Ashrafuzzaman_485_1_2_1_0.html |archive-date=8 December 2014 |location=Dhaka |newspaper=[[Daily Sun (Bangladesh)|Daily Sun]] |access-date=3 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="DS-Tamanna">{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/it-was-matricide/ |title=It was matricide |last=Khan |first=Tamanna |date=4 November 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref>
* Dr. [[Rakhal Chandra Das]] (physician)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Das,_Rakhal_Chandra |title=Das, Rakhal Chandra |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-19}}</ref>
* [[Sukharanjan Samaddar]] (Sanskrit)
* [[Jogesh Chandra Ghosh]] (scholar, Ayurveda practitioner, entrepreneur and philanthropist)
* [[Shahid Saber]] (journalist)
* [[Sheikh Abdus Salam]] (education)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Salam,_Sheikh_Abdus |title=Salam, Sheikh Abdus |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-14}}</ref>
* Dr. [[Sirajul Haque Khan]]
* Dr. [[Santosh Chandra Bhattacharyya]]<ref name="Gallows">{{cite news |title=Gallows for Mueen, Ashraf |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/gallows-for-mueen-ashraf/ |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=3 November 2022}}</ref>
* Dr. [[Shamsuddin Ahmed (surgeon)|Shamsuddin Ahmed]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ahmed,_Shamsuddin3 |title=Ahmed, Shamsuddin3 |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref>
* [[Laxman Das]] (wrestler, weight lifter, circus performer)
* Dr. [[Suleman Khan (doctor)|Suleman Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Khan,_Suleman |title=Khan, Suleman |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-02}}</ref>
* [[Sultanuddin Ahmed]] (engineer)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ahmed,_Sultanuddin2 |title=Ahmed, Sultanuddin2 |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=2017-08-14}}</ref>
* Dr. [[Kosiruddin Talukder]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Talukder,_Kosiruddin |title=Talukder, Kosiruddin |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref>
* [[Shahidullah Kaiser]] (journalist)
* [[Selina Parvin]] (journalist)
* [[Bishnu Chattopadhyay]] (freedom fighter and leader of peasant movement)
* [[Saroj Kumar Nath Adhikari]] (economics)
* [[Sheikh Abdul Mannan]] (journalist)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mannan,_Sheikh_Abdul |title=Mannan, Sheikh Abdul |website=Banglapedia |language=en |access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref>
* Dr. [[Shamsuddin Ahmed (surgeon)|Shamsuddin Ahmed]] (physician)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ahmed,_Shamsuddin3 |title=Ahmed, Shamsuddin3 |website=Banglapedia}}</ref>
* [[Syed Nazmul Haque]] (journalist)
* [[Obaidur Rahim]] (journalist)
{{colend}}

{{Incomplete list|date=December 2022}}

== Verdict on the killing ==
On 3 November 2013, a Special Court in Dhaka has sentenced two former leaders of the al-Badr killing squad to death for war crimes committed in December 1971. [[Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin]], based in London, and [[Ashrafuz Zaman Khan]], based in the US, were sentenced in absentia after the court found that they were involved in the abduction and murders of 18 intellectuals – nine Dhaka University professors, six journalists and three physicians – in December 1971. Prosecutors said the killings were carried out between 10 and 15 December, when Pakistan was losing the war in Bangladesh (then East Pakistan), and were part of a campaign intended to strip the newborn nation of its intellectuals.<ref>{{cite news |title=UK Muslim leader Chowdhury Mueen Uddin sentenced to death in Bangladesh |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/uk-muslim-leader-chowdhury-mueen-uddin-sentenced-to-death-in-bangladesh-8919895.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/uk-muslim-leader-chowdhury-mueen-uddin-sentenced-to-death-in-bangladesh-8919895.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Independent |date=3 November 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

On 2 November 2014, [[International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)|International Crimes Tribunal, Bangladesh]] sentenced [[Mir Quasem Ali]] to death for war crimes which include the killings of intellectuals. It was proved in the tribunal that he was a key organiser of the [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al-Badr]], which planned and executed the killing of the intellectuals on 14 December 1971.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh Islamist party leader files appeal against death penalty |url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/article/article_xinhua.aspx?id=255697 |access-date=14 December 2014 |work=[[Shanghai Daily]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=War trial: Mir Quasem verdict Sunday |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/war-trial-mir-quasem-verdict-sunday-48077 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=30 October 2014 |access-date=14 December 2022}}</ref>

== Statistics ==
The number of intellectuals killed is estimated in [[Banglapedia]]<ref name="bp" /> as follows:
* Academics – 991
* Journalists – 13
* Physicians – 49
* Lawyers – 42
* Others (litterateurs, artists and engineers) – 16

The district wise break-up of the number of martyred academicians and lawyers published in 1972<ref>Bangladesh – The Victory Day Memento published by the government of [[People's Republic of Bangladesh]], 16 December 1972; Editor – Syed Ali Ahsan</ref> was as follows –

:{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan=2| District and division
! colspan=3| Academics
! rowspan=2| Lawyers
|-
! Primary
! Secondary
! Higher secondary
|-
| [[Dhaka]]
| 37
| 8
| 10
| 6
|-
| [[Faridpur, Bangladesh|Faridpur]]
| 27
| 12
| 4
| 3
|-
| [[Tangail]]
| 20
| 7
| 2
|
|-
| [[Mymensingh]]
| 46
| 28
| 1
| 2
|-
! '''Dhaka Division'''
! '''130'''
! '''55'''
! '''17'''
! '''10'''
|-
| [[Chittagong]]
| 39
| 16
| 7
| 1
|-
| [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]
| 9
| 4
| 1
| 1
|-
| [[Sylhet]]
| 19
| 7
|
| 2
|-
| [[Comilla]]
| 45
| 33
| 1
| 4
|-
| [[Noakhali]]
| 26
| 13
| 4
| 2
|-
! '''Chittagong Division'''
! '''138'''
! '''73'''
! '''13'''
! '''10'''
|-
| [[Khulna]]
| 48
| 15
| 2
| 2
|-
| [[Jessore (city)|Jessore]]
| 55
| 31
| 5
| 4
|-
| [[Barisal]]
| 50
| 21
| 4
|
|-
| [[Patuakhali]]
| 3
| 1
|
|
|-
| [[Kushtia]]
| 28
| 13
| 4
|
|-
! '''Khulna Division'''
! '''184'''
! '''81'''
! '''15'''
! '''6'''
|-
| [[Rajshahi]]
| 39
| 8
| 3
| 5
|-
| [[Rangpur, Bangladesh|Rangpur]]
| 41
| 22
| 9
| 4
|-
| [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur]]
| 50
| 10
| 1
| 2
|-
| [[Bogra]]
| 14
| 12
|
| 2
|-
| [[Pabna]]
| 43
| 9
| 1
| 2
|-
! '''Rajshahi Division'''
! '''187'''
! '''61'''
! '''14'''
! '''15'''
|-
! '''Bangladesh'''
! '''639'''
! '''270'''
! '''59'''
! '''41'''
|-
| colspan=5| Martyred academicians (not affiliated to universities) = 968
|-
| colspan=5| Martyred university teachers = 21
|-
| colspan=5| Total martyred academicians = 989
|}
Administrative districts and divisions mentioned here are as they were in 1972.

==Denial of genocidal intent==
In a 2018 article [[Christian Gerlach]] rejected the claims of [[Genocidal intent|coordinated attempt to exterminate]] the Bengali intelligentsia by using statistical measures: "if one accepts the data published by the Bangladesh propaganda ministry, 4.2 per cent of all university professors were killed, along with 1.4 per cent of all college teachers, 0.6 per cent of all secondary and primary school teachers, and 0.6 per cent of all teaching personnel. On the basis of the aforementioned Ministry of Education data, 1.2 per cent of all teaching personnel were killed. This is hardly proof of an extermination campaign."<ref name="gerlach2018">{{cite journal |last1=Gerlach |first1=Christian |title=East Pakistan/Bangladesh 1971–1972: How Many Victims, Who, and Why? |journal=The Civilianization of War The Changing Civil–Military Divide, 1914–2014 |date=20 July 2018 |pages=116–140 |doi=10.1017/9781108643542.007}}</ref>

== Commemoration ==
{{See also|Martyred Intellectuals Day|Martyred Intellectuals Memorial}}
[[File:Martyred Intellectuals Memorial Rayerbazar.jpg|thumb|Part of the east-south side of the Martyred Intellectuals Memorial]]
[[Martyred Intellectuals Day]] is held annually to commemorate the victims. In [[Dhaka]], hundreds of thousands of people walk to [[Mirpur Thana|Mirpur]] to lay flowers at the [[Martyred Intellectuals Memorial]]. The president and the prime minister of Bangladesh and heads of all three wings of the Bangladesh armed forces pay homage at the memorial.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nation observes new-dimension Martyred Intellectuals' Day |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/pm-pays-homage-to-martyred-intellectuals/ |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=14 December 2013 |access-date=14 December 2022}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[1971 Dhaka University massacre]]
* [[Katyn massacre]]
* [[Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Bangladesh liberation}}
{{Military of Pakistan}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bengali Intellectuals}}

{{#seo:
|keywords=Bangladesh Liberation War, Political and cultural purges, Mass murder in 1971, Massacres in Bangladesh, 1971 in Bangladesh, University of Dhaka, War crimes in Bangladesh, 1971 Bangladesh genocide, Anti-intellectualism, Pakistani war crimes, Pakistan military scandals, Persecution by Muslims, Persecution of intellectuals
|description=
}}

[[Category:Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:Political and cultural purges]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1971]]
[[Category:Massacres in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:1971 in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka]]
[[Category:War crimes in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:1971 Bangladesh genocide]]
[[Category:Anti-intellectualism]]
[[Category:Pakistani war crimes]]
[[Category:Pakistan military scandals]]
[[Category:Persecution by Muslims]]
[[Category:Persecution of intellectuals]]

1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals - Revision history

Delinker at 12:31, 31 July 2023