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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
'''1990 Hyderabad riots''' were riots that occurred in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] of [[Telangana]], the then [[Andhra Pradesh]] state of [[India]] in 1990. The riots left about 200–300 people dead and thousands injured.

== Background ==

The last Hindu-Muslim violence in India had taken place in 1984. The roots of the 1990 riots lay in the [[Ayodhya dispute]], which is centered on [[Uttar Pradesh]], a different state. Hindu activists have long alleged that the [[Babri mosque]] in Ayodhya was constructed after Muslims demolished a temple at the site. In November 1990, when a crowd of Hindu activists tried to demolish the mosque, the police fired on them, resulting in several deaths. Since then, the tension between Hyderabadi Hindus and Muslims had been rising.<ref name="Sudhir_1996">{{cite book |author=[[Sudhir Kakar]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLvX4lUuCY8C&lpg=PA47 |title=The colors of violence |year=1996 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226422848 |pages=47–51 }}</ref>

== The trigger ==

The riots began with the killing of Sardar, a Muslim [[auto-rickshaw]] driver, by two Hindus. The death was actually the result of a land dispute unrelated to religious matters. But in light of the Babri mosque controversy, people saw it as a Hindu-Muslim conflict. In response to Sardar's killing, Muslims killed four Hindus in different parts of the walled city. [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] workers then attacked Majid Khan, an influential Muslim leader in the Sabzi Mandi area. As false rumours about his death spread, Muslim mobs came out in open, followed by the Hindu mobs, and the violence spread.<ref name="Sudhir_1996"/>

== The riots ==

During 8-10 December 1990, 64 people were killed, stabbed or shot within 3 days. By 10 December, the Indian Army had taken control of the old city of Hyderabad, and more than 350 people had been detained in connection with the riots.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/10/world/muslim-hindu-riots-in-india-leave-93-dead-in-3-days.html|title=Muslim-Hindu Riots in India Leave 93 Dead in 3 Days|last1=Hazarika|first1=Sanjoy|date=1990-12-10|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-09-12|last2=Times|first2=Special To the New York|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The violence lasted for ten weeks, and resulted in 200 to 300 deaths; thousands were injured.<ref name="Sudhir_1996"/><ref name="HT_200_2008">{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/hyderabad-ap-december-8-1990-over-200-dead/story-sN3L97xlBwVdIQDqkypWiI.html|title=Hyderabad (AP) December 8, 1990 over 200 dead |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=2008-11-03 |author=Ashok Das }}</ref>

On 8 December, police constable M A Qadeer shot his superior N. Sattiah, the South Zone Assistant Commissioner of Police. Qadeer alleged that Sattiah was selectively targeting a particular community during police action against the rioters. He surrendered, and was sentenced for life. His subsequent petitions for release were refused, because of opposition by Sattaiah's family and police officials, but he was released on parole several times during periods of illness. He was finally released in 2016,and died a year later.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/india/constable-who-killed-acp-in-hyd-riots-dies-after-25-years.html |title=Constable who killed ACP in Hyd riots dies after 25 years |author=Omer Farooq |date=16 September 2007 |newspaper=The Pioneer }}</ref>

== Aftermath ==

Not a single rioter was arrested. Chief Minister [[Marri Chenna Reddy]], a member of the Indian National Congress, claimed that the riot had been engineered by his rivals in his own party, who wanted to oust him and an ally AIMIM<ref name="HT_200_2008"/>

==References==

{{reflist}}
{{Riots in India}}

{{#seo:
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[[Category:1990 in India]]
[[Category:History of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in India]]
[[Category:History of Andhra Pradesh (1947–2014)]]
[[Category:Crime in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:1990 riots]]
[[Category:1990 crimes in India]]
[[Category:1990s murders in India]]
[[Category:Massacres in India]]

1990 Hyderabad riots - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 17:00, 13 August 2023