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{{Infobox election|
| image3 =
| last_election2 = 2
| post title =
| before_election =
| before_party =
| after_election =
| after_party = 
| image2 = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Hammer Sickle and Star.png|75px]]
| seats2 = 3
| party2 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| map_caption = [[Kerala]]
| alliance2 = [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
| previous_year = 1989
| next_election = 1996 Indian general election in Kerala
| party3 = Communist Party of India
| alliance3 = [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
| seats3 = 0
| last_election3 = 0
| title =
| map_size = 200px
| next_year = 1996
| election_name = 1991 Indian general election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1989 Indian general election in Kerala
| seat_change2 = {{increase}}1
| map_image = Kerala in India.png|
| percentage1 = 38.77%
| seats_for_election = 20 seats

| image1 =
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| alliance1 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
| seats1 = 13
| last_election1 = 14
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}}1
| seat_change4 = -
| seat_change3 = -
| turnout = 73.32% ({{decrease}}5.98%)
| percentage3 = 8.12%
| last_election4 = 2
| election_date = May–June 1991
| alliance4 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
| seats4 = 2
| percentage4 = 5.02%
| party4 = Indian Union Muslim League
| image 4 =
| percentage2 = 20.71%
}}The '''[[1991 Indian general election]]''' were held to elect 20 members to the [[10th Lok Sabha|tenth Lok Sabha]] from [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=General Election, 1991|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4122-general-election-1991-vol-i-ii/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]]-led [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front (UDF)]] won 16 seats while [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front (LDF)]], led by [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))]] won the remaining 4 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1991|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=10|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> Turnout for the election was at 70.66%<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1991 TO THE 10th LOK SABHA|url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Links/Books/91_Vol_I.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> In the Lok Sabha, INC formed a minority government under the premiership of [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]].

== Alliances and parties ==
<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Alliances Kerala 1991|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/alliance/partyWise/10/28|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>

UDF is a Kerala legislative alliance formed by INC veteran [[K. Karunakaran]]. LDF comprises primarily of CPI(M) and the [[Communist Party of India|CPI]], forming the [[Third Front (India)|Left Front]] in the national level. [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] contested in 19 seats.

=== United Democratic Front ===
{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" style="width:4px;" |No.
! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};color:white" |'''1.'''
|Indian National Congress
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |16
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}};color:white" |'''2.'''
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Lader.svg|47x47px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Kerala Congress (Mani)}};color:white" |'''3.'''
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Two_Leaves.png|45x45px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};color:black" |'''4.'''
|[[Independent politician|Independents]]
|
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|}

=== Left Democratic Front ===
{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" style="width:4px;" |No.
! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)}};color:white" |'''1.'''
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.png|center|45x45px|Key]]
| style="text-align:center;" |9
|- style="height: 4px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist_Party_of_India}};color:white" |'''2.'''
|Communist Party of India
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Ears_of_Corn_and_Sickle.png|center|45x45px|Star]]
| style="text-align:center;" |4
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}};color:black" |'''3.'''
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha|Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};color:black" |'''4.'''
|Independents
|
| style="text-align:center;" |2
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Janata Dal}};color:white" |'''5.'''
|[[Janata Dal]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |2
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}};color:white" |'''6.'''
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|- style="height: 4px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Kerala Congress}};color:black" |'''7.'''
|[[Kerala Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|}

=== Bharatiya Janata Party ===
{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" style="width:4px;" |No.
! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |'''1.'''
|Bharatiya Janata Party
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:BJP election symbol.png|40x40px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |19
|}

== List of elected MPs ==
<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roy Mathew|date=|title=Indian Parliament Elections 1991: Kerala Winners|url=http://keralaassembly.org/lok/winners.php4?year=1991|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-09-15|website=keralaassembly.org}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!No.
!Constituency
!Name of Elected M.P.
!Party Affiliation
|-
|1
|[[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]]
|[[Ramanna Rai]]
|CPI(M)
|-
|2
|[[Kannur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannur]]
|[[Mullappally Ramachandran]]
|INC
|-
|3
|[[Vatakara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vatakara]]
|[[K.P. Unnikrishnan|K. P. Unnikrishnan]]
|ICS(SCS)
|-
|4
|[[Kozhikode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kozhikode]]
|[[K. Muraleedharan]]
|INC
|-
|5
|[[Manjeri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Manjeri]]
|[[E. Ahamed]]
|IUML
|-
|6
|[[Ponnani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ponnani]]
|[[Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait]]
|IUML
|-
|7
|[[Palakkad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palakkad]]
|V. S. Vijayaraghavan
|CPI(M)
|-
|8
|[[Ottapalam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ottapalam]]
|[[K. R. Narayanan]]
|CPI(M)
|-
|9
|[[Thrissur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thrissur]]
|[[P. C. Chacko]]
|INC
|-
|10
|[[Mukundapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mukundapuram]]
|[[Savithri Lakshmanan|Savitri Lakshmanan]]
|INC
|-
|11
|[[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ernakulam]]
|[[K. V. Thomas]]
|INC
|-
|12
|[[Muvattupuzha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muvattupuzha]]
|[[P. C. Thomas]]
|KC(M)
|-
|13
|[[Kottayam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kottayam]]
|[[Ramesh Chennithala]]
|INC
|-
|14
|[[Idukki (Lok Sabha constituency)|Idukki]]
|K. M. Mathew
|INC
|-
|15
|[[Alappuzha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alappuzha]]
|T. J. Anjalose
|CPI(M)
|-
|16
|[[Mavelikkara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mavelikkara]]
|[[P. J. Kurien]]
|INC
|-
|17
|[[Adoor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Adoor]]
|[[Kodikunnil Suresh]]
|INC
|-
|18
|[[Kollam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kollam]]
|[[S. Krishna Kumar]]
|INC
|-
|19
|[[Chirayinkil (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chirayankil]]
|[[Susheela Gopalan|Suseela Gopalan]]
|CPI(M)
|-
|20
|[[Thiruvananthapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|[[A. Charles]]
|INC
|}

== Results ==

=== Performance of political parties ===
<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Party-wise performance for 1991 Kerala|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/party_list/28/10|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>{{Pie chart|caption='''Vote Share by alliance'''|other=yes|value1=48.59|label1=[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|color1={{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value2=44.28|label2=[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|color2={{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value3=4.61|label3=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color3={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
!No.
!Party
!Political Front
!Seats
!Votes
!%Votes
!±pp
|-
|1
|Indian National Congress
|UDF
|13
|55,26,187
|38.77%
|{{increase}}2.93
|-
|2
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|LDF
|3
|29,52,043
|20.71%
|{{decrease}}2.16
|-
|3
|Communist Party of India
|LDF
|0
|11,56,798
|8.12%
|{{increase}}1.92
|-
|4
|Indian Union Muslim League
|UDF
|2
|7,15,222
|5.02%
|{{decrease}}0.21
|-
|5
|Janata Dal
|LDF
|0
|6,43,366
|4.51%
|{{increase}}2.65
|-
|6
|Bharatiya Janata Party
|''none''
|0
|6,56,945
|4.61%
|{{increase}}0.10
|-
|7
|Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha
|LDF
|1
|3,95,501
|2.77%
|{{increase}}0.29
|-
|8
|Kerala Congress (M)
|UDF
|1
|3,84,255
|2.70%
|{{increase}}0.34
|-
|9
|Revolutionary Socialist Party
|LDF
|0
|3,42,796
|2.41%
| {{nochange}}
|-
|10
|Kerala Congress
|LDF
|0
|3,19,933
|2.24%
|{{increase}}1.78
|-
|11
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|''none''
|0
|23,475
|0.16%
|{{increase}}0.04
|-
|12
|[[Janata Party]]
|''none''
|0
|17,883
|0.13%
|{{decrease}}0.13
|-
|13
|[[Republican Party of India]]
|''none''
|0
|5,840
|0.04%
|new
|-
|14
|Deseeya Karshaka Party
|''none''
|0
|4,508
|0.03%
|new
|-
|15
|[[Doordarshi Party|Door Darshi Party]]
|''none''
|0
|3,268
|0.02%
|new
|-
|16
|[[Lokdal|Lok Dal]]
|''none''
|0
|3,024
|0.02%
|new
|-
| colspan="3" |''Independents''
|0
|11,02,111
|7.73%
|{{decrease}}1.76
|}

=== By constituency ===
<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1991|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=10|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
!No.
!Constituency
!UDF candidate
!Votes
!%
!Party
!LDF candidate
!Votes
!%
!Party
!BJP / Other candidate
!Votes
!%
!Party
!Winning alliance
!Margin
|-
|'''1'''
|'''Kasaragod'''
|[[K. C. Venugopal]]
|3,35,113
|43.2%
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |M. Ramanna Rai
|3,44,536
|44.4%
|CPI(M)
|C. K. Padmanabhan
|76,067
|9.8%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''9,423''
|-
|'''2'''
|'''Kannur'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |Mullappally Ramachandran
|3,76,696
|50.2%
|INC
|E. Ebrahim Kutty
|3,35,569
|44.8%
|IC(S)
|M. K. Saseendran
|25,720
|3.4%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''41,127''
|-
|'''3'''
|'''Vatakara'''
|M. Ratnasingh
|3,78,012
|47.2%
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |K. P. Unnikrishnan
|3,95,501
|49.4%
|CPI(M)
|P. Unnikrishnan
|8,566
|1.1%
|IND
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''17,489''
|-
|'''4'''
|'''Kozhikode'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |K. Muraleedharan
|3,55,113
|47.1%
|INC
|[[M. P. Veerendra Kumar]]
|3,39,229
|45.0%
|JD
|U. Dattathriya Rao
|43,661
|5.8%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''15,884''
|-
|'''5'''
|'''Manjeri'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |E. Ahamed
|3,75,456
|50.6%
|IUML
|V. Venugopal
|2,86,133
|38.6%
|CPI(M)
|Ahalya Sankar
|51,634
|7.0%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''89,323''
|-
|'''6'''
|'''Ponnani'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait
|3,39,766
|52.3%
|IUML
|K. Hamza Kunju
|2,44,060
|37.6%
|CPI
|K. Janachandran
|45,388
|7.0%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''95,706''
|-
|'''7'''
|'''Palakkad'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |V. S. Vijayaraghavan
|3,34,913
|47.7%
|INC
|[[A. Vijayaraghavan]]
|3,19,145
|45.4%
|CPI(M)
|Rema S. Menon
|31,323
|4.5%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''15,768''
|-
|'''8'''
|'''Ottapalam'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |K. R. Narayanan
|3,27,043
|47.7%
|INC
|[[Lenin Rajendran]]
|3,11,955
|45.5%
|CPI(M)
|M. A. Pushpakran
|33,542
|4.9%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''15,088''
|-
|'''9'''
|'''Thrissur'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |P. C. Chacko
|3,42,896
|48.6%
|INC
|[[K. P. Rajendran]]
|3,13,665
|44.4%
|CPI
|E. Reghunandanan
|38,213
|5.4%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''29,231''
|-
|'''10'''
|'''Mukundapuram'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |Savithri Lakshmanan
|3,62,029
|47.8%
|INC
|A. P. Kurian
|3,49,664
|46.1%
|IND
|K. V. Sreedharan
|30,776
|4.1%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''12,365''
|-
|'''11'''
|'''Ernakulam'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |K. V. Thomas
|3,62,975
|49.0%
|INC
|V. Viswanatha Menon
|3,15,831
|42.6%
|CPI(M)
|V. A. Rahman
|30,082
|4.1%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''47,144''
|-
|'''12'''
|'''Muvattupuzha'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |P. C. Thomas
|3,84,255
|53.4%
|KC(M)
|P. I. Devasia
|2,86,152
|39.8%
|IND
|N. Ajith
|26,783
|3.7%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''98,103''
|-
|'''13'''
|'''Kottayam'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |Ramesh Chennithala
|3,66,759
|51.4%
|INC
|Thampan Thomas
|3,04,137
|42.6%
|JD
|George Kurian
|22,622
|3.2%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''62,622''
|-
|'''14'''
|'''Idukki'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |K. M. Mathew
|3,45,139
|48.3%
|INC
|[[P. J. Joseph]]
|3,19,933
|44.8%
|KEC
|K. Madhusoodhanan Nair
|25,197
|3.5%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''25,206''
|-
|'''15'''
|'''Alappuzha'''
|[[Vakkom Purushothaman]]
|3,50,719
|47.3%
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |T. J. Anjalose
|3,64,794
|49.2%
|CPI(M)
|V. S. Vijayakumar
|15,973
|2.2%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''14,075''
|-
|'''16'''
|'''Mavelikkara'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |P. J. Kurian
|3,04,519
|48.4%
|INC
|[[K. Suresh Kurup]]
|2,79,031
|44.4%
|CPI(M)
|Chennithala Gopalkrishnan Nair
|25,665
|4.1%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''25,488''
|-
|'''17'''
|'''Adoor'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |Kodikunnil Suresh
|3,27,066
|48.9%
|INC
|[[Bhargavi Thankappan]]
|3,08,471
|46.1%
|CPI
|C. C. Kunjan
|17,067
|2.6%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''18,595''
|-
|'''18'''
|'''Kollam'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |S. Krishna Kumar
|3,70,523
|50.0%
|INC
|[[R. S. Unni]]
|3,42,796
|46.2%
|RSP
|S. Ramakrishna Pillai
|16,507
|2.2%
|IND
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''27,727''
|-
|'''19'''
|'''Chirayinkil'''
|[[Thalekunnil Basheer]]
|3,30,412
|47.2%
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |Suseela Gopalan
|3,31,518
|47.4%
|CPI(M)
|K. K. R. Kumar
|20,159
|2.9%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''1,106''
|-
|'''20'''
|'''Trivandrum'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |A. Charles
|3,34,272
|46.3%
|INC
|E. J. Vijayamma
|2,90,602
|40.3%
|CPI
|[[O. Rajagopal]]
|80,566
|11.2%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''43,670''
|}

== See also ==

* [[Elections in Kerala]]
* [[Politics of Kerala]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Kerala elections}}

{{#seo:
|keywords=1991 Indian general election, Indian general elections in Kerala
|description=
}}

[[Category:1991 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Indian general elections in Kerala]]

1991 Indian general election in Kerala - Revision history

MetaBOT at 15:33, 8 July 2023