CleanupBot at 05:29, 22 March 2026

2026-03-22T05:29:01Z

New page

{{Short description|Natural disaster in India and Pakistan}}
{{Infobox flood
| name = 1992 India–Pakistan floods
| image =
| image_size = 300 px
| alt =
| caption =
| cause = [[Monsoon|Heavy rain]] [[Landslide]] [[Severe weather]]
| duration = {{start date|1992|09|07|df=y}} – unknown<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/485607-climate-change-catching-pakistan-unprepared|title=Climate change catching Pakistan unprepared|newspaper=The News International (newspaper)|author=Amjad Bashir Siddiqi|date=17 June 2019|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref>
| date =
| damages = $1 billion (estimated) {{small|9.3 million affected 350,000 families went homeless 12,672 villages swept away 160,000 cattle drowned 80% bridges and roads destroyed 3.3 million evacuated}}
| fatalities = 2,496 total {{small|2,000 – Azad Kashmir}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/jammu-and-kashmir-floods-omar-abdullah-maharaj-k-pandit-global-warming-292237-2014-09-12|title=Jammu and Kashmir disaster was waiting to happen|website=India Today}}</ref> {{small|296 – Punjab(Pakistan)}}<ref name="OFDA Annual Report - United States. Agency for International Development. Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance - Google Libri">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o8h8MoQRugMC&pg=RA5-PA46 |title=OFDA Annual Report|first=United States Agency for International Development Office of U. S. Foreign Disaster|last=Assistance|publisher=The Office|via=Google Books}}</ref> {{small|200 – Jammu and Kashmir}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/5Pq6ov9rVifupnpxQJUo1O/Jammu-and-Kashmir-has-had-a-long-history-of-flooding.html|title=Jammu and Kashmir has had a long history of flooding|first=Venkat|last=Ananth|date=September 9, 2014|website=Livemint}}</ref>
| affected = [[Azad Kashmir]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[North-West Frontier Province]]
}}
The '''1992 India–Pakistan floods''' was a deadly flood caused by a five days long heavy [[monsoon]] rains and [[severe weather]] that occurred on 7 September 1992<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pmd.gov.pk/rnd/rnd_files/vol3_issue6/3.%20Simulations%20of%201992%20Flood%20in%20River%20Jhelum%20using%20High%20Resolution%20Regional%20Climate%20Model.pdf| title=Simulations of 1992 flood in river jhelum using high Pakistan Meteorological |website=pmd.gov.pk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jjA5-8xJlH0C&pg=PA11 |title=Pakistan - The Land|first=Carolyn|last=Black|date=March 25, 2003|publisher=Crabtree Publishing Company|isbn=9780778793465 |via=Google Books}}</ref> across the north-Pakistan of [[Azad Kashmir]], [[North-West Frontier Province]] and Indian administered state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. Severe floods left at least 2,496 fatalities, including 2,000 deaths in Pakistan administered state, 296 in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab province]], and 200 in northern India with several others missing. The floods swept away more than 12,672 villages and several people were buried alive due to landslides near mountains. Punjab, that shares its borders with Azad Kashmir, suffered a heavy agriculture loss in its [[economic history]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/19/world/2500-dead-in-heavy-flooding-across-north-pakistan-and-india.html|title=2,500 Dead in Heavy Flooding Across North Pakistan and India|first=Sanjoy|last=Hazarika|work=The New York Times |date=September 19, 1992|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>
[[File:Kashmir map.jpg|thumb|Map of [[Kashmir]] approx location of affected regions ([[Azad Kashmir]] shown in green while orange-brown represents [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]])]]
The floods evacuated 3.3 million people from the affected areas. Initial reports cited between 900 and 1,000 dead with 1,000 missing.

==Background==
The floods originated from the three major rivers such as [[Indus River|Indus river]], the longest river of the country, which flows through Pakistan, China and India, [[Chenab River|Chenab river]], the major river of India and Pakistan, and the [[Jhelum River|Jhelum river]], a river in northern India and eastern Pakistan. The heavy rainfall in northern mountains made three rivers overflow.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/18/world/over-900-in-pakistan-dead-in-severe-floods.html|title=Over 900 in Pakistan Dead in Severe Floods|work=The New York Times |date=September 18, 1992|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-09-13-mn-1427-story.html|title=Floods in Northern Pakistan Kill 600|date=September 13, 1992|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> The Jhelum river swept away more than 400 people in Punjab province, including refugees along with shelters built of mud on the banks of the river.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/09/12/Officials-up-death-toll-to-1700-in-Indo-Pakistan-flooding/4727716270400/|title=Officials up death toll to 1,700 in Indo-Pakistan flooding|website=UPI}}</ref> Pakistan suffered a heavy loss of 2,000 fatalities as well as millions of worth properties, while hundreds of people died in Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/11/so-little-time-between-hope-and-death-kashmir-flood/382796/|title='So Little Time Between Hope and Death'|first=Ashwaq|last=Masoodi|date=November 16, 2014|website=The Atlantic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/pakistan-counts-cost-as-force-of-the-flood-eases-1552247.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/pakistan-counts-cost-as-force-of-the-flood-eases-1552247.html |archive-date=2022-05-01 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Pakistan counts cost as force of the flood eases|date=September 19, 1992|website=The Independent}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==Emergency response==
After floods struck Pakistan, mostly Azad Kashmir, the [[Government of Pakistan]] declared a nationwide emergency. The [[United Nations]] mobilized [[Emergency management|disaster management team]] to make [[Disaster response|necessary arrangements]] for dispatching disaster relief and to provide medical assistance to the flood victims of Pakistan. Pakistan also established the ''Prime Minister Relief Fund for 1992'', a relief account designed to receive international funds as well as provincial-level relief contributions to combat the disaster. Government mobilized [[Pakistan army]] as well as [[Federated state|local administration]] in an effort to recover missing people and to provide emergency services to the victims.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-floods-sep-1992-un-dha-situation-reports-1-8|title=Pakistan Floods Sep 1992 UN DHA Situation Reports 1 - 8 - Pakistan|website=ReliefWeb|date=15 September 1992 }}</ref> The [[World Bank]], a financial organization for government agencies, described the efforts of Pakistan "satisfactory" towards its swift recover of damage, although hundreds of people were confirmed dead.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/335111468074333185/Pakistan-1992-Flood-Damage-Restoration-Project|title=Pakistan - 1992 Flood Damage Restoration Project|first=The World|last=Bank|date=June 1, 1998|pages=1|via=documents.worldbank.org}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
Severe floods left 2,500 people dead, including 296 from Punjab. More than 9.3 million people were affected, and 350,000 families rendered homeless, including refuge huts. A report by the Pakistani government stated that 12,672 villages in north Pakistan were washed away, 160,000 cattle drowned away, and 80% of bridges and roads were completely destroyed. It was declared a deadliest flood in the history of Pakistan, destroying an estimated [[United States dollars|$]]1 billion of property of that time.<ref name="OFDA Annual Report - United States. Agency for International Development. Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance - Google Libri" />

==See also ==
* [[2014 India–Pakistan floods]]
* [[India–Pakistan border]]
* [[International response to the 2005 Kashmir earthquake]]
* [[2010 Pakistan floods]]

==References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Floods in Pakistan}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1992 India-Pakistan floods}}
[[Category:Weather events in Pakistan]]
[[Category:1992 in Pakistan]]
[[Category:1992 in India]]
[[Category:1990s floods in Asia]]
[[Category:1992 floods]]
[[Category:1992 disasters in India|Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:1992 disasters in Pakistan]]
[[Category:1990s in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:20th century in Azad Kashmir]]
[[Category:20th century in North-West Frontier Province]]
[[Category:20th century in Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Floods in India]]
[[Category:Floods in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Disasters in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan relations]]
[[Category:September 1992 in Asia]]
[[Category:International responses to natural disasters]]
[[Category:September 1992 in Pakistan]]
[[Category:September 1992 in India]]

1992 India Pakistan floods - Revision history

CleanupBot at 05:29, 22 March 2026