MetaBOT at 15:49, 8 July 2023

2023-07-08T15:49:36Z

New page

{{Infobox election|
| percentage5 = 5.08%
| seats_for_election = 20 seats

| image1 =
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| alliance1 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
| seats1 = 8
| last_election1 = 13
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}}5
| seat_change4 = -
| seat_change3 = {{increase}}2
| turnout = 70.66% ({{decrease}}2.66%)
| percentage1 = 38.01%
| percentage3 = 8.22%
| alliance5 = -
| election_date = April–May 1996
| image5 = {{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/symbol|size=75px}}
| last_election5 = 0
| party5 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| seat_change5 = -
| seats5 = 0
| alliance4 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
| seats4 = 2
| percentage4 = 5.61%
| party4 = Indian Union Muslim League
| image 4 =
| last_election4 = 2
| map_image = Kerala in India.png
| next_election = 1998 Indian general election in Kerala|
| seat_change2 = {{increase}}3
| last_election2 = 3
| post title =
| before_election =
| before_party =
| after_election =
| after_party = 
| image2 = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Hammer Sickle and Star.png|75px]]
| seats2 = 6
| party2 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| map_caption = [[Kerala]]
| alliance2 = [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
| image3 =
| previous_year = 1991
| party3 = Communist Party of India
| alliance3 = [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
| seats3 = 2
| last_election3 = 0
| title =
| map_size = 200px
| next_year = 1998
| election_name = 1996 Indian general election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1991 Indian general election in Kerala
| percentage2 = 21.16%
}}The '''[[1996 Indian general election]]''' were held to elect 20 members to the [[11th Lok Sabha|eleventh Lok Sabha]] from [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=General Election, 1996|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4123-general-election-1996-vol-i-ii/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> Both [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]]-led [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front (UDF)]] and [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front (LDF)]], led by [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))]] won 10 seats each.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1996|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=11|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> Turnout for the election was at 70.66%<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1996 TO THE 11th LOK SABHA|url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Links/Books/96_Vol_I.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>

== Alliances and parties ==
<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Alliances Kerala 1996|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/alliance/partyWise/11/28|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>

UDF is a Kerala legislative alliance formed by INC veteran [[K. Karunakaran]]. LDF comprises primarily of CPI(M) and the [[Communist Party of India|CPI]], forming the [[Third Front (India)|Left Front]] in the national level. [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] contested in 18 seats.

=== United Democratic Front ===
{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" style="width:4px;" |No.
! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};color:white" |'''1.'''
|Indian National Congress
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |17
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}};color:white" |'''2.'''
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Lader.svg|47x47px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Kerala Congress (Mani)}};color:white" |'''3.'''
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Two_Leaves.png|45x45px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|}

=== Left Democratic Front ===
{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" style="width:4px;" |No.
! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)}};color:white" |'''1.'''
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.png|center|45x45px|Key]]
| style="text-align:center;" |9
|- style="height: 4px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist_Party_of_India}};color:white" |'''2.'''
|Communist Party of India
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Ears_of_Corn_and_Sickle.png|center|45x45px|Star]]
| style="text-align:center;" |4
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};color:black" |'''3.'''
|[[Independent politician|Independents]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |3
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Janata Dal}};color:white" |'''4.'''
|[[Janata Dal]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |2
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}};color:white" |'''5.'''
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|- style="height: 4px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Kerala Congress}};color:black" |'''6.'''
|[[Kerala Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|}

=== Bharatiya Janata Party ===
{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" style="width:4px;" |No.
! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |'''1.'''
|Bharatiya Janata Party
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:BJP election symbol.png|40x40px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |18
|}

== List of elected MPs ==
<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roy Mathew|date=|title=Indian Parliament Elections 1996: Kerala Winners|url=http://keralaassembly.org/lok/winners.php4?year=1996|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-09-15|website=keralaassembly.org}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!No.
!Constituency
!Name of Elected M.P.
!Party Affiliation
|-
|1
|[[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]]
|[[T. Govindan]]
|CPI(M)
|-
|2
|[[Kannur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannur]]
|[[Mullappally Ramachandran]]
|INC
|-
|3
|[[Vatakara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vatakara]]
|O. Bharathan
|CPI(M)
|-
|4
|[[Kozhikode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kozhikode]]
|[[M. P. Veerendra Kumar]]
|JD
|-
|5
|[[Manjeri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Manjeri]]
|[[E. Ahamed]]
|IUML
|-
|6
|[[Ponnani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ponnani]]
|[[G. M. Banatwala]]
|IUML
|-
|7
|[[Palakkad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palakkad]]
|[[N. N. Krishnadas]]
|CPI(M)
|-
|8
|[[Ottapalam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ottapalam]]
|[[S. Ajaya Kumar]]
|CPI(M)
|-
|9
|[[Thrissur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thrissur]]
|[[V. V. Raghavan]]
|CPI
|-
|10
|[[Mukundapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mukundapuram]]
|[[P. C. Chacko]]
|INC
|-
|11
|[[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ernakulam]]
|Xavier Arackal
|IND
|-
|12
|[[Muvattupuzha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muvattupuzha]]
|[[P. C. Thomas]]
|KC(M)
|-
|13
|[[Kottayam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kottayam]]
|[[Ramesh Chennithala]]
|INC
|-
|14
|[[Idukki (Lok Sabha constituency)|Idukki]]
|[[A. C. Jose]]
|INC
|-
|15
|[[Alappuzha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alappuzha]]
|[[V. M. Sudheeran]]
|INC
|-
|16
|[[Mavelikkara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mavelikkara]]
|[[P. J. Kurien]]
|INC
|-
|17
|[[Adoor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Adoor]]
|[[Kodikunnil Suresh]]
|INC
|-
|18
|[[Kollam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kollam]]
|[[N. K. Premachandran]]
|RSP
|-
|19
|[[Chirayinkil (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chirayankil]]
|[[A. Sampath]]
|CPI(M)
|-
|20
|[[Thiruvananthapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|[[K. V. Surendranath]]
|CPI
|}

== Results ==

=== Performance of political parties ===
<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Party-wise performance for 1996 Kerala|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/party_list/28/11|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>{{Pie chart|caption='''Vote Share by alliance'''|other=yes|value1=45.75|label1=[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|color1={{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value2=44.87|label2=[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|color2={{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value3=5.61|label3=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color3={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
!No.
!Party
!Political Front
!Seats
!Votes
!%Votes
!±pp
|-
|1
|Indian National Congress
|UDF
|7
|54,67,132
|38.01%
|{{decrease}}0.76
|-
|2
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|LDF
|5
|30,44,369
|21.16%
|{{increase}}0.45
|-
|3
|Communist Party of India
|LDF
|2
|11,82,944
|8.22%
|{{increase}}0.10
|-
|4
|Bharatiya Janata Party
|''none''
|0
|8,07,607
|5.61%
|{{increase}}1.00
|-
|5
|Indian Union Muslim League
|UDF
|2
|7,45,070
|5.08%
|{{increase}}0.06
|-
|6
|Janata Dal
|LDF
|1
|6,33,104
|4.40%
|{{decrease}}0.11
|-
|7
|Kerala Congress (M)
|UDF
|1
|3,56,168
|2.66%
|{{decrease}}0.04
|-
|8
|Revolutionary Socialist Party
|LDF
|1
|3,59,786
|2.50%
|{{increase}}0.09
|-
|9
|Indian Congress (Secular)
|LDF
|0
|3,32,622
|2.31%
|{{decrease}}0.39
|-
|10
|Kerala Congress
|LDF
|0
|3,20,539
|2.23%
|{{increase}}0.01
|-
|11
|[[Peoples Democratic Party (India)|Peoples Democratic Party]]
|''none''
|0
|64,950
|0.45%
|''new''
|-
|12
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|''none''
|0
|22,139
|0.15%
|{{decrease}}0.01
|-
|13
|[[Janata Party]]
|''none''
|0
|13,557
|0.01%
|{{decrease}}0.12
|-
|14
|All India Forward Bloc
|''none''
|0
|12,837
|0.09%
|''new''
|-
|15
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|''none''
|0
|5,609
|0.02%
|''new''
|-
|16
|[[Indian National League]]
|''none''
|0
|1,354
|0.01%
|''new''
|-
|17
|[[Naga People's Front|Nagaland Peoples Party]]
|''none''
|0
|1,066
|0.01%
|''new''
|-
|18
|[[Samta Party|Samata Party]]
|''none''
|0
|721
|0.01%
|''new''
|-
| colspan="3" |''Independents''
|1
|10,02,198
|6.97%
|{{decrease}}0.76
|}

=== By constituency ===
<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1996|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=11|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
!No.
!Constituency
!UDF candidate
!Votes
!%
!Party
!LDF candidate
!Votes
!%
!Party
!BJP / Other candidates
!Votes
!%
!Party
!Winning alliance
!Margin
|-
|'''1'''
|'''Kasaragod'''
|I. Rama Rai
|2,97,267
|36.6%
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |T. Govindan
|371,997
|45.8%
|CPI(M)
|P. K. Krishnadas
|97,577
|12.0%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''74,730''
|-
|'''2'''
|'''Kannur'''
| style="background:lightgreen;"|Mullappally Ramachandran
|3,71,924
|48.0%
|INC
|[[Kadannappalli Ramachandran]]
|3,32,622
|42.9%
|IC(S)
|M. K. Saseeindran
|30,511
|3.9%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''39,302''
|-
|'''3'''
|'''Vatakara'''
|K. P. Unnikrishnan
|3,35,950
|40.7%
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |O. Bharathan
|4,15,895
|50.4%
|CPI(M)
|A. D. Nair
|49,971
|6.1%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''79,945''
|-
|'''4'''
|'''Kozhikode'''
|[[K. Muraleedharan]]
|3,16,862
|41.8%
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |M. P. Veerendra Kumar
|3,55,565
|46.9%
|JD
|K. P. Sreesan
|56,942
|7.5%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''38,703''
|-
|'''5'''
|'''Manjeri'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |E. Ahammed
|3,76,001
|47.3%
|IUML
|C. H. Ashiq
|3,21,030
|40.3%
|CPI(M)
|Cherukattu Vasudevan
|54,550
|6.9%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''54,971''
|-
|'''6'''
|'''Ponnani'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |G. M. Banatwalla
|3,54,808
|48.4%
|IUML
|Mokkath Rahmathulla
|2,75,513
|37.6%
|CPI
|K. Janachandran
|56,234
|7.7%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''79,295''
|-
|'''7'''
|'''Palakkad'''
|V. S. Vijayaraghavan
|3,19,841
|43.3%
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |N. N. Krishnadas
|3,43,264
|46.5%
|CPI(M)
|M. V. Sukumaran
|37,221
|5.0%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''23,423''
|-
|'''8'''
|'''Ottapalam'''
|K. K. Vijayalakshmi
|3,00,958
|43.3%
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |S. Ajayakumar
|3,24,022
|46.6%
|CPI(M)
|K. V. Kumaran
|49,296
|7.1%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''23,064''
|-
|'''9'''
|'''Thrissur'''
|K. Karunakaran
|3,07,002
|43.3%
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |V. V. Raghavan
|3,08,482
|43.6%
|CPI
|Rema Reghunandan
|41,139
|5.8%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''1,480''
|-
|'''10'''
|'''Mukundapuram'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |P. C.Chacko
|3,49,801
|46.7%
|INC
|V. Viswanatha Menon
|3,25,044
|43.4%
|CPI(M)
|Narayana Iyer
|35,227
|4.7%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''24,757''
|-
|'''11'''
|'''Ernakulam'''
|[[K. V. Thomas]]
|3,05,094
|41.8%
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |Xavier Arrakkal
|3,35,479
|46.0%
|IND
|O. M. Mathew
|46,559
|6.4%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''30,385''
|-
|'''12'''
|'''Muvattupuzha'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |P. C. Thomas
|3,82,319
|53.1%
|KC(M)
|Baby Kurien
|2,60,423
|36.2%
|IND
|Narayanan Namboothiri
|50,738
|7.7%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''1,21,896''
|-
|'''13'''
|'''Kottayam'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |Ramesh Chennithala
|3,30,447
|45.9%
|INC
|Jayalakshmi
|2,77,539
|39.6%
|JD
|A. K. Achary
|29,319
|4.2%
|IND
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''67,048''
|-
|'''14'''
|'''Idukki'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |A. C. Jose
|3,50,679
|48.0%
|INC
|[[Francis George (Kerala politician)|K. Francis George]]
|3,20,539
|43.9%
|KEC
|D. Ashok Kumar
|32,107
|4.4%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''30,140''
|-
|'''15'''
|'''Alappuzha'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |V. M. Sudheeran
|3,69,539
|48.7%
|INC
|T. J. Anjalose
|3,43,590
|45.3%
|CPI(M)
|Nedumuthara Unnikrishnan
|17,990
|2.4%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''25,949''
|-
|'''16'''
|'''Mavelikkara'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |P. J. Kurien
|2,90,524
|45.9%
|INC
|M. R.
Gopalakrishnan
|2,69,448
|42.5%
|CPI(M)
|K. K. R. Kumar
|45,325
|7.2%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''21,076''
|-
|'''17'''
|'''Adoor'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |Kodikkunnil Suresh
|3,51,872
|51.6%
|INC
|[[P. K. Raghavan]]
|2,86,327
|42.0%
|CPI
|Kainakari Janardhanan
|21,609
|3.2%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|''65,545''
|-
|'''18'''
|'''Kollam'''
|S. Krishnakumar
|2,81,416
|38.1%
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |N. K. Premachandran
|3,59,786
|48.7%
|RSP
|Nina Rajan Pillai
|57,917
|7.8%
|IND
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''78,370''
|-
|'''19'''
|'''Chirayinkil'''
|Thalekkunnil Basheer
|2,81,996
|40.5%
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |A. Sampath
|3,30,079
|47.4%
|CPI(M)
|R. Radhakrishnan Unnithan
|30,348
|4.4%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''48,083''
|-
|'''20'''
|'''Trivandrum'''
|[[A. Charles]]
|2,91,820
|40.5%
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |K. V. Surendranath
|3,12,622
|43.4%
|CPI
|K. Raman Pillai
|74,904
|10.4%
|BJP
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|''20,802''
|}

== See also ==

* [[Elections in Kerala]]
* [[Politics of Kerala]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Kerala elections}}

{{#seo:
|keywords=1996 elections in India, Elections in Kerala
|description=
}}

[[Category:1996 elections in India]]
[[Category:Elections in Kerala]]

1996 Indian general election in Kerala - Revision history

MetaBOT at 15:49, 8 July 2023