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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox census
| name = 14th Census of India
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_caption =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption = Increase in population from 1901 to [[2011 Census of India|2011]].
| country = India
| date = 
| population = 1,028,737,436
| percent_change = 21.5%
| annual_percent_change =
| region_type = 
| most_populous =
| least_populous =
| previous_census = 1991 Census of India
| previous_year = 1991
| next_census = 2011 Census of India
| next_year = 2011
}}
The '''2001 Census of India''' was the 14th in a series of [[census of India|censuses]] held in [[India]] every decade since [[1871 India Census|1871]].<ref name="ancsdaap">{{cite web|url=http://www.ancsdaap.org/cencon98/papers/india/india.pdf|title=Planning for the 2001 Census of India based on the 1991 Census |author=Vijayanunni, M. |date= 26–29 August 1998 |work=18th Population Census Conference |location= Honolulu, Hawaii, USA | publisher= Association of National Census and Statistics Directors of America, Asia, and the Pacific |archive-date=19 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119080707/http://www.ancsdaap.org/cencon98/papers/india/india.pdf |access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref>

The population of India was counted as 1,028,737,436 consisting of 532,223,090 males and 496,514,346 females.<ref name="glance2001">{{cite web| url= http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/glance.aspx | title= Home/Census Data 2001/India at a glance | year=2001 | publisher= Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] | location= New Delhi| access-date= 8 November 2013}}</ref> Total population increased by 182,310,397, 21.5% more than the 846,427,039 people counted during the 1991 census.<ref name="glance2001"/>

==Religious demographics==
Hindus comprise 82.75 [[crore]] (80.45%) and Muslims were 13.8 crore (13.4%) in 2001 census.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/census-hindu-share-dips-below-80-muslim-share-grows-but-slower/| title= Census: Hindu share dips below 80%, Muslim share grows but slower| author= Abantika Ghosh , Vijaita Singh | work=Indian Express| date= 24 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/694975/with-current-trends-it-will-take-220-years-for-indias-muslim-population-to-equal-hindu-numbers|title=With current trends, it will take 220 years for India's Muslim population to equal Hindu numbers|first=Dilip|last=D’Souza|website=Scroll.in}}</ref> Census 2001 showed 108 faiths under the head "Other Religions and Persuasion" (ORP) in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/india-religion-census-fewer-minor-faiths-in-india-now-finds-census-number-of-their-adherents-up-2946824/|title=Fewer minor faiths in India now, finds Census; number of their adherents up|date=1 August 2016}}</ref> 700,000 people did not state their religion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/govind-pansare-mm-kalburgi-gauri-lankesh-murder-5316465/|title=Indian rationalism, Charvaka to Narendra Dabholkar|date=21 August 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
|+ Population trends for major religious groups in India(2001)
|- style="text-align: center;"
! Religious group
! Population % 2001
|-
! style="background:orange;"| [[Hinduism|Hindu]]
| 80.45%
|-
! style="background:green;"| [[Islam|Muslim]]
| 13.4%
|-
! style="background:DodgerBlue;"| [[Christianity|Christian]]
| 2.34%
|-
! style="background:DarkKhaki;''| [[Sikhism|Sikh]]
| 1.89%
|-
! style ="background: gold;''| [[Buddhism|Buddhist]]
| 0.74%
|-
! style="background:#b4a28e;"| [[Animism|Animist]], others
| 0.43%
|-
! style="background:LightCoral;'' | [[Jainism|Jain]]
| 0.46%
|}
{{Clear}}

==Language demographics==
{{Main|Languages of India}}
[[Hindi]] is the most widely spoken language in northern parts of India. The Indian census takes the widest possible definition of "Hindi" as a broad variety of "[[Hindi languages]]". According to 2001 Census, 53.6% of Indian population know Hindi, in which 41% of them have declared Hindi as their native language or mother tongue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/239073/these-four-charts-break-down-indias-complex-relationship-with-hindi/|title=These four charts break down India’s complex relationship with Hindi|first=John Samuel Raja|last=D|website=Quartz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nearly-60-of-indians-speak-a-language-other-than-hindi/articleshow/36922157.cms|title=Nearly 60% of Indians speak a language other than Hindi | India News – Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement5.aspx|title=Census of India: Comparative speaker's strength of Scheduled Languages-1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001|website=www.censusindia.gov.in}}</ref> [[Indian English|English]] is known to 12.18% Indians in the 2001 census. The number of bilingual speakers in India is 25.50 crore, which is 24.8% of the population in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/hindi-migrants-speaking-marathi-rise-to-60-lakh/articleshow/66061624.cms|title=Hindi migrants speaking Marathi rise to 60 lakh | Mumbai News – Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> India (780) has the world's second highest number of languages, after [[Papua New Guinea]] (839).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/seven-decades-after-independence-many-small-languages-in-india-facing-extinction-threat/articleshow/60038323.cms|title=Seven decades after Independence, many small languages in India face extinction threat|first=G.|last=Seetharaman|via=The Economic Times}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ First, second, and third languages by number of speakers in India (2001 Census)
! Language
! First language speakers<ref name="1971-2001">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement5.aspx|title=Census of India: Comparative speaker's strength of Scheduled Languages-1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001|last=ORGI}}</ref><ref name="thehindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/data/sanskrit-and-english-theres-no-competition/article6630269.ece|title=Sanskrit and English: there's no competition|first=Rukmini|last=S}}</ref>
! First language speakers as a percentage

of total population<ref name="pop">{{Cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/popu1.aspx|title=Census of India : India at a glance / Population|website=www.censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>
! Second language speakers<ref name="thehindu"/>
! Third language speakers<ref name="thehindu"/>
! Total speakers<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indiaspeak-English-is-our-2nd-language/articleshow/5680962.cms|title=Indiaspeak: English is our 2nd language|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="thehindu"/>
! Total speakers as a percentage of total population<ref name="pop" />
|-
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|422,048,642
|41.03
|98,207,180
|31,160,696
|551,416,518
|53.60
|-
|[[English language|English]]
|226,449
|0.02
|86,125,221
|38,993,066
|125,344,736
|12.18
|-
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|83,369,769
|8.10
|6,637,222
|1,108,088
|91,115,079
|8.86
|-
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|74,002,856
|7.19
|9,723,626
|1,266,019
|84,992,501
|8.26
|-
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|71,936,894
|6.99
|9,546,414
|2,701,498
|84,184,806
|8.18
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|60,793,814
|5.91
|4,992,253
|956,335
|66,742,402
|6.49
|-
|[[Urdu]]
|51,536,111
|5.01
|6,535,489
|1,007,912
|59,079,512
|5.74
|-
|[[Kannada]]
|37,924,011
|3.69
|11,455,287
|1,396,428
|50,775,726
|4.94
|-
|[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
|46,091,617
|4.48
|3,476,355
|703,989
|50,271,961
|4.89
|-
|[[Odia language|Odia]]
|33,017,446
|3.21
|3,272,151
|319,525
|36,609,122
|3.56
|-
|[[Malayalam]]
|33,066,392
|3.21
|499,188
|195,885
|33,761,465
|3.28
|-
|[[Sanskrit]]
|14,135
|<0.01
|1,234,931
|3,742,223
|4,991,289
|0.49
|}

==Graphical summaries==
<gallery heights=150px mode=packed>
India Muslim census 2001 pyramid.jpg|Overview of 2001 population, separated by gender and age bracket.
Demographics of India.jpg|2001 overview based on religious affiliation and language.
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[1991 Census of India]]
* [[Demographics of India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|28em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Census of India, 2001}}
*{{Official website|http://censusindia.gov.in/}}

{{Census of India}}
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[[Category:2001 in India|Census of India, 2001]]
[[Category:Censuses in India]]
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2001 Census of India - Revision history

MetaBOT at 16:18, 8 July 2023