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{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2012 Goa legislative assembly election
| country = India
| flag_year =
| type = Legislative
| ongoing = no
| party_colour =
| previous_election = 2007 Goa state assembly elections
| previous_year = 2007
| next_election = 2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 2017
| seats_for_election = All 40 assembly constituencies
| election_date = {{Start date|2012|03|03}}
| turnout = 82.94% ({{increase}}12.94%)
| image1 = [[File:Manohar Parrikar welcoming Ash Carter (cropped).jpg|160x150px]]
| leader1 = [[Manohar Parrikar]]
| leader_since1 = 1994
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| alliance1 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| leaders_seat1 = [[Panjim]]
| last_election1 = 14
| seats_before1 =
| seats_needed1 = +5
| seats1 = 21
| seats_after1 =
| seat_change1 = {{gain}} 7
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| swing1 =
| image2 = [[File:Hand INC.svg|160x150px]]
| leader2 = [[Digambar Kamat]]
| leader_since2 = 1994
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| alliance2 = [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| leaders_seat2 = [[Margao]]
| last_election2 = 16
| seats_before2 =
| seats_needed2 = +5
| seats2 = 9
| seats_after2 =
| seat_change2 = {{loss}} 7
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 =

| image3 = [[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Lion.png|100px]]
| leader3 = [[Sudin Dhavalikar]]
| leader_since3 = 1999
| party3 = Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party
| leaders_seat3 = [[Marcaim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Marcaim]]
| last_election3 = 2
| seats3 = 3
| seat_change3 = {{gain}} 1
| popular_vote3 =
| percentage3 =
| alliance3 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| map_image = File:Goa Legislative Assembly 2012 structure.svg
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = [[List of Chief Ministers of Goa|Chief Minister]]
| posttitle =
| before_election = [[Digambar Kamat]]
| after_election = [[Manohar Parrikar]]
| before_party = Indian National Congress
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| result =
| majority_seats = 21
}}
The '''Goa legislative assembly election''' was held on 3 March 2012, to select the 40 members of the ''[[Goa Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]]''.

The result was announced on 6 March. The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]-[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak]] alliance defeated the incumbent [[Indian National Congress]] government in Goa led by Chief Minister [[Digambar Kamat]] with 24 seats in the 40-seat assembly. The Bharatiya Janata Party won 21 seats, while the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party won 3 seats. The MLA with the biggest margin of victory was the incumbent MLA Frances D'Souza of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Former chief minister [[Manohar Parrikar]] was sworn in as the new chief minister on 9 March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/alina-saldanha-gets-environment-forest-portfolios-112061100545_1.html|title=Alina Saldanha gets environment, forest portfolios|agency=Press Trust of India|date=June 11, 2012|via=Business Standard}}</ref>

==Timetable==
The timetable of the electoral events are:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://infoelections.com/infoelection/index.php/goa-news/235-goaelectionschedule.html|title=Assembly Election Results Dates Candidate List Opinion/Exit Poll Latest News, Political Consulting Survey Election Campaign Management Company India|website=infoelections.com}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Event||Date
|-
| Issue of Notification||6 February
|-
| Candidature filing deadling||13 February
|-
| Clearance of nominees||14 February
|-
| Candidature withdrawal deadline||16 February
|-
| Election||3 March
|-
| Result||6 March
|-
| Deadline to finish election||9 March
|}

==Parties==
The [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP), [[All India Trinamool Congress]] (AITC) and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) are the national political parties in the fray. Other regional parties include the [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak]], [[Goa Vikas Party]], [[United Goans Democratic Party]] and [[Go Su-raj Party]].

==Issues==
The issue of the cultural identity of Goa has also come to the fore in the past few years. The population of Goa has rapidly swelled due to increasing migration levels from neighboring [[Karnataka]] and [[Maharashtra]], as well as from further afield such as [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merinews.com/article/goan-identity-erodes-with-onslaught-of-migrants/135616.shtml |title=Goan identity erodes with onslaught of migrants |publisher=Merinews.com |date=2008-06-12 |accessdate=2021-06-17}}</ref>

===Corruption===
Following the [[2011 Indian anti-corruption movement]] several allegations of corruption have been made on the incumbent government going to elections this year.

[[Nepotism]] was also an issue. Former CM and current head of the Goa TMC [[Wilfred de Souza]] accused the INC of perpetrating a "Family Raj" in its allotment of tickets for the election to relatives of INC leaders from such families as the Naiks, Alemaos, Ranes, and Monserrates. He also cited the denial of an electoral ticket to his son-in-law Tulio D’Souza in [[Saligao (Goa Assembly constituency)]] despite the INC also denying him a ticket.

He also criticized the inability of incumbent CM [[Digambar Kamat]] to have stopped [[illegal mining]] while he was the minister of mining and finance minister in the previous government. He cited a report by a commission led by Justice M. B. Shah to investigate illegal mining in the country that suggested potential revenue of US$423 million was lost through illegal ore exports after he said he had seen a "leaked" version of the report.<ref name="corruption">{{cite web|title=Congress promoting Family Raj: Willy|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/goa-news/congress-promoting-family-raj-willy|url-status=dead|accessdate=2012-02-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218193213/http://www.navhindtimes.in/goa-news/congress-promoting-family-raj-willy|archivedate=2012-02-18}}</ref>

==Results==
<section begin=Results />{{election table|title=Summary of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] election, 2012 result<ref>{{cite report|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012, to the Legislative Assembly of Goa|publisher=Election Commission of India|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3856-goa-2012/}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="col" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;" |Party
! scope="col" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats contested
! scope="col" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats won
! scope="col" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seat change
! scope="col" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Vote share
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |[[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| 28
| 21
| {{gain}} 7
| 34.68%
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak]]
| 7
| 3
| {{gain}} 1
| 6.72%
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| 34
| 9
| {{loss}} 7
| 30.78%
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| 6
| 0
| {{loss}} 3
| 4.08%
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| 20
| 0
| {{steady}}
| 1.81%
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |[[United Goans Democratic Party]]
| 7
| 0
| {{loss}} 1
| 1.17%
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |[[Goa Vikas Party]]
| 9
| 2
| {{gain}} 2
| 3.5%
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |[[Save Goa Front]]
| 0
| 0
| {{loss}} 2
| 0%
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |[[Independent politician|Independents]]
| 72
| 5
| {{gain}} 3
| 16.67%
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; font-weight:bold"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |Total
| {{sdash}}
| 40
| {{sdash}}
| {{sdash}}
|}<section end=Results />

The following is the list of winning MLAs in the election.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Results by constituency
! colspan="2" |Assembly Constituency
! colspan="4" |Winner
! colspan="4" |Runner Up
! rowspan="2" |Margin
|-
! #
! Name
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! Votes
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! Votes
|-
|1
| [[Mandrem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Mandrem]]
|[[Laxmikant Parsekar]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|11955
| [[Dayanand Sopte]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|8520
|3435
|-
|2
| [[Pernem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Pernem]]
|[[Rajendra Arlekar]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|16406
|[[Manohar Ajgaonkar]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|8053
|8353
|-
|3
| [[Bicholim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Bicholim]]
|[[Naresh Sawal]]
| style="background:#ddd;"|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|8331
| [[Rajesh Patnekar]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|6532
|1799
|-
|4
| [[Tivim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Tivim]]
|[[Kiran Kandolkar]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|10473
| [[Nilkanth Halarnkar]]
| style="background:#00b2b2;"|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|9361
|1112
|-
|5
| [[Mapusa (Goa Assembly constituency)|Mapusa]]
|[[Francis D'Souza (politician)|Francis D'Souza]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|14955
|Ashish Shirodkar
| style="background:#00b2b2;"|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|4786
|10169
|-
|6
| [[Siolim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Siolim]]
|[[Dayanand Mandrekar]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|11430
|Uday Palienkar
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|9259
|2171
|-
|7
| [[Saligao (Goa Assembly constituency)|Saligao]]
|[[Dilip Parulekar]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|10084
|D'souza Tulio
| style="background:#ddd;"|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|4276
|5808
|-
|8
| [[Calangute (Goa Assembly constituency)|Calangute]]
| [[Michael Lobo (politician)|Michael Lobo]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|9891
|Agnelo Fernandes
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|8022
|1869
|-
|9
| [[Porvorim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Porvorim]]
| [[Rohan Khaunte]]
| style="background:#ddd;"|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|7972
|Govind Parvatkar
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7071
|901
|-
|10
| [[Aldona (Goa Assembly constituency)|Aldona]]
| [[Glenn Ticlo]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|11315
|[[Dayanand Narvekar]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|7839
|3476
|-
|11
| [[Panaji (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Panaji]]
|[[Manohar Parrikar]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|11086
|Yatin Parekh
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|5018
|6068
|-
|12
| [[Taleigao (Goa Assembly constituency)|Taleigao]]
| [[Jennifer Monserrate]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|10682
|Dattaprasad Naik
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|9531
|1151
|-
|13
| [[St. Cruz (Goa Assembly constituency)|St. Cruz]]
| [[Atanasio Monserrate]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|8644
|Rodolfo Louis Fernandes
| style="background:#ddd;"|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|6308
|2336
|-
|14
| [[St. Andre (Goa Assembly constituency)|St. Andre]]
|[[Vishnu Wagh]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8818
| [[Francisco Silveira]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|7599
|1219
|-
|15
| [[Cumbarjua (Goa Assembly constituency)|Cumbarjua]]
| [[Pandurang Madkaikar]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|9556
|Nirmala P. Sawant
| style="background:#ddd;"|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|7981
|1575
|-
|16
| [[Maem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Maem]]
|[[Anant Shet]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|12054
| [[Pravin Zantye]]
| style="background:#ddd;"|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|6335
|5719
|-
|17
| [[Sanquelim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Sanquelim]]
| [[Pramod Sawant]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|14255
|Pratap Gauns
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|7337
|6918
|-
|18
| [[Poriem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Poriem]]
| [[Pratapsingh Rane]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|13772
|Vishwajit Krishnarao Rane
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|11225
|2547
|-
|19
| [[Valpoi (Goa Assembly constituency)|Valpoi]]
| [[Vishwajit Pratapsingh Rane]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|12412
|Satyavijay Subrai Naik
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|9473
|2939
|-
|20
| [[Priol (Goa Assembly constituency)|Priol]]
|[[Deepak Dhavalikar]]
| style="background:#93c;"|
|[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]
|12264
| [[Govind Gaude]]
| style="background:#ddd;"|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|10164
|2100
|-
|21
| [[Ponda (Goa Assembly constituency)|Ponda]]
|[[Lavoo Mamledar]]
| style="background:#93c;"|
|[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]
|12662
|[[Ravi Naik]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|9472
|3190
|-
|22
| [[Siroda (Goa Assembly constituency)|Siroda]]
|[[Mahadev Naik]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|12216
|[[Subhash Shirodkar]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|9954
|2262
|-
|23
|[[Marcaim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Marcaim]]
|[[Sudin Dhavalikar]]
| style="background:#93c;"|
|[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]
|14952
|Ritesh Naik
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|7722
|7230
|-
|24
| [[Mormugao (Goa Assembly constituency)|Mormugao]]
| [[Milind Naik (politician)|Milind Naik]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7419
|Sankalp Amonkar
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|6506
|913
|-
|25
| [[Vasco Da Gama (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Vasco da Gama]]
| [[Carlos Almeida (politician)|Carlos Almeida]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|11468
|[[Jose Philip D'Souza]]
| style="background:#00b2b2;"|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|6978
|4490
|-
|26
| [[Dabolim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Dabolim]]
| [[Mauvin Godinho]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|7468
|Premanand Nanoskar
| style="background:#93c;"|
|[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]
|6524
|944
|-
|27
| [[Cortalim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Cortalim]]
| [[José Matanhy de Saldanha|Matanhy Saldanha]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7427
|Nelly Rodrigues
| style="background:#f96;"|
|[[Goa Vikas Party]]
|5158
|2269
|-
|28
| [[Nuvem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Nuvem]]
|[[Francisco Pacheco (politician)|Francisco Pacheco]]
| style="background:#f96;"|
|[[Goa Vikas Party]]
|12288
|Aleixo Sequeira
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|8092
|4196
|-
|29
| [[Curtorim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Curtorim]]
| [[Aleixo Lourenco]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11221
|Domnic Gaonkar
| style="background:#ddd;"|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|7152
|4069
|-
|30
| [[Fatorda (Goa Assembly constituency)|Fatorda]]
| [[Vijai Sardesai]]
| style="background:#ddd;"|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|10375
|Damodar G. Naik
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8436
|1939
|-
|31
| [[Margao (Goa Assembly constituency)|Margao]]
| [[Digambar Kamat]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|12041
|Rupesh Mahatme
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7589
|4452
|-
|32
| [[Benaulim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Benaulim]]
| [[Caetano Silva (politician)|Caetano Silva]]
| style="background:#f96;"|
|[[Goa Vikas Party]]
|9695
|Valanka Alemao
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|7694
|2001
|-
|33
| [[Navelim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Navelim]]
|[[Avertano Furtado]]
| style="background:#ddd;"|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|10231
|[[Churchill Alemao]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|8086
|2145
|-
|34
| [[Cuncolim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Cuncolim]]
|[[Subhash Rajan Naik]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7738
| [[Joaquim Alemao]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|6425
|1313
|-
|35
| [[Velim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Velim]]
|[[Benjamin Silva]]
| style="background:#ddd;"|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|13164
| [[Filipe Nery Rodrigues]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|8238
|4926
|-
|36
| [[Quepem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Quepem]]
| [[Chandrakant Kavlekar]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|10994
|[[Prakash Velip]]
| style="background:#ddd;"|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|4621
|6373
|-
|37
| [[Curchorem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Curchorem]]
| [[Nilesh Cabral]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|14299
|[[Shyam Satardekar]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|5507
|8792
|-
|38
| [[Sanvordem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Sanvordem]]
|[[Ganesh Gaonkar]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|10585
|Arjun Salgaocar
| style="background:#ddd;"|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|8294
|2291
|-
|39
| [[Sanguem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Sanguem]]
|[[Subhash Phal Desai]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7454
|Yuri Alemao
| style="background:#00b2b2;"|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|6971
|483
|-
|40
| [[Canacona (Goa Assembly constituency)|Canacona]]
|[[Ramesh Tawadkar]]
| style="background:#f93;"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|14328
| [[Isidore Fernandes (politician)|Isidore Fernandes]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11624
|2704
|}

===By-election===
Shortly after the election, the Cortalim seat was opened for a by-election following the death of the incumbent, Matanhy Saldanha, as a result of a heart attack. His wife, Alina Saldanha, was originally scheduled to run against Raymond D’Sa of the INC and independent candidate Ramakant Borkar, though the latter two soon withdrew from the race and she was elected unopposed on 25 May. She was given her husband's ministerial portfolio as forest minister.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-06-09|title=Alina Saldanha Inducted in Goa Cabinet|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=139859|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820000257/http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=139859|archive-date=2016-08-20|access-date=|website=daijiworld.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/goa/alina-saldanha-to-be-inducted-into-goa-cabinet-on-june-8_779573.html|title=Alina Saldanha to be inducted into Goa Cabinet on June 8|date=June 3, 2012|website=Zee News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/alina-saldanha-inducted-into-goa-cabinet-112060800458_1.html|title=Alina Saldanha inducted into Goa cabinet|agency=Press Trust of India|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=June 8, 2012|via=Business Standard}}</ref> She immediately said that she would not allow mining on forest land.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-04-11|title=No forest land for mining: Alina Saldanha - Times Of India|url=http://archive.today/rysUA|access-date=2021-06-17|website=archive.ph}}</ref>

==Analysis==
The ''[[Daily Pioneer]]'' called this election "the first time that the BJP has stamped its success in so many of those constituencies that have a significant population of the [[Christianity in India|minority community]]."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-07|title=A myth is demolished|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/item/51204-a-myth-is-demolished.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311002346/http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/item/51204-a-myth-is-demolished.html|archive-date=2012-03-11|access-date=|website=dailypioneer.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://ceogoa.nic.in/home_Page.aspx Goa Election Commission]

{{Goan elections}}

{{#seo:
|keywords=2012 State Assembly elections in India, State Assembly elections in Goa, 2010s in Goa, March 2012 events in India
|description=
}}

[[Category:2012 State Assembly elections in India]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Goa]]
[[Category:2010s in Goa]]
[[Category:March 2012 events in India]]

2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election - Revision history

MetaBOT at 17:44, 8 July 2023