Gheethivf at 05:49, 15 July 2025

2025-07-15T05:49:36Z

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{{Short description|Ongoing outbreak of mpox in India}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{infobox pandemic
| name = 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in India
| image = Monkeypox Outbreak in India.png
| image_upright = 1.5
| caption =
| disease = [[Mpox]]
| virus_strain = [[Monkeypox virus]] (West African clade)
| location = [[India]]
| first_case = [[Kollam district|Kollam]], [[Kerala]] {{small|(First landed and hospitalized in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], infected in the [[United Arab Emirates]])}}
| date = 14 July 2022 – ongoing {{Small|({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=07|day1=14|year1=2022|month2=|day2=|year2=}} ago)}}
| confirmed_cases = 23
| suspected_cases = 0
| deaths = 1 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/indias-first-monkeypox-death-kerala-youth-had-tested-positive-in-uae-probe-ordered-8062463/ | title=Kerala youth who died Saturday had tested positive for monkeypox | date=August 2022 }}</ref>
| territories = [[States of India|4 states and 1 union territory]]
}}

The '''2022–2023 mpox outbreak in India''' is a part of the [[2022–2023 mpox outbreak|ongoing outbreak]] of [[Mpox|human mpox]] caused by the West African clade of the [[monkeypox virus]]. The outbreak was first reported in [[India]] on 14 July 2022 when [[Kerala]]'s State Health Minister [[Veena George]] announced a suspected imported case which was confirmed hours later by the [[National Institute of Virology|NIV]]. India was the tenth country to report a mpox case in [[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Asia|Asia]] and the first in [[South Asia]]. Currently, India has reported more than 30 cases of mpox.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-09 |title=Mpox in India: Centre issues advisory; 1 case confirmed but not new strain |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mpox-in-india-centre-issues-advisory-following-first-suspected-case/articleshow/113188240.cms |access-date=2024-09-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

On 24 July, the first locally transmitted case was reported in [[Delhi]]. The individual, a middle-aged male who had no recent history of travelling abroad, was isolated in the [[Lok Nayak Hospital]], [[New Delhi]].

==Background==

{{Hatnote|These paragraphs are an excerpt from [[Mpox]] and [[2022–2023 mpox outbreak]].}}

{{Excerpt|Mpox|only=paragraphs|paragraphs=1-3|hat=no}}

{{Excerpt|2022–2023 mpox outbreak|only=paragraphs|paragraphs=1-2|hat=no}}

== Transmission ==
[[File:Stages of monkeypox lesion development.jpg|thumb|Stages of lesion development.]]
A large portion of those infected were believed to have not recently traveled to areas of Africa where mpox is normally found, such as [[Nigeria]], the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] as well as [[Central Africa|central]] and [[West Africa|western Africa]]. It is believed to be transmitted by close contact with sick people, with extra caution for those individuals with [[lesion]]s on their skin or genitals, along with their bedding and clothing. The CDC has also stated that individuals should avoid contact and consumption of dead animals such as rats, squirrels, monkeys and apes along with wild game or lotions derived from animals in Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vargas |first=Ramon Antonio |date=2022-06-07 |title=US raises monkeypox alert level but says risk to public remains low |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/07/monkeypox-cases-cdc-alert-level-us |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=September 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928155129/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/07/monkeypox-cases-cdc-alert-level-us |url-status=live }}</ref>

In addition to more common symptoms, such as fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and rashes or lesions, some patients have also experienced [[proctitis]], an inflammation of the rectum lining. CDC has also warned clinicians to not rule out mpox in patients with sexually transmitted infections since there have been reports of co-infections with [[syphilis]], [[gonorrhea]], [[chlamydia]], and [[herpes]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/2022/06/14/monkeypox-update | title=Monkeypox update: Where the outbreak stands now | access-date=July 17, 2022 | archive-date=October 2, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002202053/https://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/2022/06/14/monkeypox-update | url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==

=== Arrival ===
On 14 July, a suspected mpox case was reported in the South-Indian state of [[Kerala]] by the State health minister [[Veena George]]. The patient was reportedly in close contact with a person who tested positive for mpox abroad in the [[United Arab Emirates]], and arrived in [[India]] from UAE four days prior to the announcement.<ref name="suspectfirstnews18">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2022 |title=Suspected Monkeypox Case Found in Kerala, Samples Sent for Testing |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/suspected-monkeypox-case-found-in-kerala-samples-sent-for-testing-5551519.html |access-date=18 July 2022 |website=[[News18]] |language=en |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718150829/https://www.news18.com/news/india/suspected-monkeypox-case-found-in-kerala-samples-sent-for-testing-5551519.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="suspectfirstndtv">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2022 |title=Suspected Monkeypox Case In Kerala, Traveller From UAE Being Tested |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/suspected-monkeypox-case-in-kerala-traveller-from-uae-being-tested-3156085 |access-date=18 July 2022 |website=[[NDTV]] |archive-date=November 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112155238/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/suspected-monkeypox-case-in-kerala-traveller-from-uae-being-tested-3156085 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="suspectfirsttoi">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2022 |title=Monkeypox Virus: Suspected monkeypox case found in Kerala, samples sent for testing {{!}} Thiruvananthapuram News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/suspected-monkeypox-case-found-in-kerala-samples-sent-for-testing/articleshow/92866925.cms |access-date=18 July 2022 |website=[[Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=September 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912225737/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/suspected-monkeypox-case-found-in-kerala-samples-sent-for-testing/articleshow/92866925.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Hours later, minister [[Veena George]] announced that the patient was confirmed to be infected with the mpox disease by the [[National Institute of Virology|NIV]] of [[Pune]].<ref name="x791">{{cite web | title=First monkeypox case found in Kerala | website=CNBCTV18 | date=2022-07-14 | url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/healthcare/suspected-monkeypox-case-found-in-kerala-samples-sent-for-testing-14129402.htm | access-date=2024-07-01 | archive-date=July 17, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717231730/https://www.cnbctv18.com/healthcare/suspected-monkeypox-case-found-in-kerala-samples-sent-for-testing-14129402.htm | url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Spread ===
No community transmission or locally transmitted cases were detected in India until on 24 July, Delhi reported their first case, and the patient had no history of travel from abroad. He recently attended a party in [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Although community transmission of the disease in India wasn't confirmed by the government health officials.

== Timeline ==
{{Medical cases chart
|numwidth=mwmw
|barwidth=thin
|disease=Mpox
|location=India
|outbreak=2022–2023 mpox outbreak
|recoveries=n
|altlbl1=Confirmed cases
|right1=Cases (rise)
|right1data=3
|right2=Deaths (rise)
|right2data=1
|changetype1=a 
|changetype2=a
|collapsible=y
|data=2022-07-14;;;1;firstright1=y
2022-07-15;;;1;
2022-07-16;;;1;
2022-07-17;;;1;
2022-07-18;;;2;
2022-07-19;;;2;
2022-07-20;;;2;
2022-07-21;;;2;
2022-07-22;;;3;
2022-07-23;;;3;
2022-07-24;;;4;
}}

=== July 2022 ===
'''14 July:''' A suspected mpox case was reported in [[Kerala]]. State health minister [[Veena George]] said that the patient was in close contact with a person who tested positive for mpox. The patient arrived in [[India]] from the [[United Arab Emirates]] four days earlier, according to the health minister, and was admitted to a hospital in the state after the patient showed symptoms, and samples were sent to the [[National Institute of Virology|National Institute of Virology (NIV)]]. It was also reported that tests in local hospitals confirmed that the individual was affected with disease, but still samples were sent to the NIV for confirmation, as per the guideline given by the central government.<ref name="suspectfirstnews18"/><ref name="suspectfirstndtv"/><ref name="suspectfirsttoi"/>

'''31 July:''' A 22-year-old man who had been in the [[United Arab Emirates]] came back to India. During his stay in the UAE, he had been in contact with another man who also tested positive for the virus. He then tested positive for [[mpox]] in the UAE but left the country following the test, he then arrived in his home-district in [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]] on 22 July. At first, he didn't have much symptoms with others in contact with him saying he was actively playing 'football' and other daily activities. On 26 July, he was admitted to a hospital with a fever and the authorities announced a suspected case. On 31 July, he died in the hospital of an unknown cause. It was then reported he died of mpox.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-01 |title=Youth who died in Kerala's Thrissur succumbed to monkeypox, says health dept after NIV confirms |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/thiruvananthapuram/kerala-thrissur-monkeypox-death-8063699/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=September 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902160233/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/thiruvananthapuram/kerala-thrissur-monkeypox-death-8063699/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Responses ==
=== Central government ===
After the outbreak was highlighted on mid-May, Union Health Minister [[Mansukh Mandaviya]] directed the [[National Centre for Disease Control|National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC)]] and the [[Indian Council of Medical Research|Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)]] to keep a close watch and monitor the situation. The [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Union Health Ministry]] has also directed airport and other port health officers to be vigilant and have been instructed to isolate and send samples to the [[National Institute of Virology|National Institute of Virology (NIV)]] in [[Pune]] of any sick passenger with a travel history to infected countries.<ref name="Indiavigil">{{Cite news |date= 21 May 2022 |title= Monkeypox outbreak: India to screen arrival for virus signs, isolate sick patients; details here |language= en |work= [[Zee News]] |url= https://zeenews.india.com/india/monkeypox-outbreak-india-to-screen-arrival-for-virus-signs-isolate-sick-patients-details-here-2465745.html |access-date= 17 July 2022 |archive-date= May 24, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220524192722/https://zeenews.india.com/india/monkeypox-outbreak-india-to-screen-arrival-for-virus-signs-isolate-sick-patients-details-here-2465745.html |url-status= live }}</ref>

=== State and Union territory governments ===
*{{flagicon image|..Karnataka Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Karnataka]]: Following the directions of the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)|Union Health Ministry]], [[Government of Karnataka|Karnataka state government]] directed officials to set up mpox surveilience and set up a two-bed isolation ward in every [[List of districts of Karnataka|district]] hospital to isolate suspected or confirmed cases.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 June 2022 |title=Monkeypox: Karnataka asks districts to step up surveillance |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/monkeypox-karnataka-asks-districts-to-step-up-surveillance/article65501115.ece |access-date=17 July 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=July 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716144702/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/monkeypox-karnataka-asks-districts-to-step-up-surveillance/article65501115.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Madhya Pradesh.svg}} [[Madhya Pradesh]]: The state health department issued an advisory about pox-related diseases (especially Smallpox and Mpox) on early June. Health Commissioner-and-Secretary Sudam Khade directed all district Chief Medical and Health Officers (CMHOs) to take necessary steps as per the advisory when needed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2022 |title=Bhopal: It is necessary to isolate in chicken pox, monkeypox diseases, health department advisory to CMHOs |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/bhopal-it-is-necessary-to-isolate-in-chicken-pox-monkeypox-diseases-health-department-advisory-to-cmhos |access-date=17 July 2022 |website=[[Free Press Journal]] |language=en |archive-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717092302/https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/bhopal-it-is-necessary-to-isolate-in-chicken-pox-monkeypox-diseases-health-department-advisory-to-cmhos |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon image|}} [[West Bengal]]: The [[Government of West Bengal|West Bengal state government]] issued an advisory on June. In the advisory, the State Health Department asked hospitals in the state to set up separate facilities to accommodate patients coming from abroad with symptoms and collect and sent samples of suspected patients to the [[National Institute of Virology|NIV]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Monkeypox outbreak: West Bengal government on alert, issues advisory |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/monkeypox-virus-outbreak-west-bengal-govt-on-alert-issues-advisory-read-here-2468003.html |access-date=17 July 2022 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=en |archive-date=July 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716143903/https://zeenews.india.com/india/monkeypox-virus-outbreak-west-bengal-govt-on-alert-issues-advisory-read-here-2468003.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Uttar Pradesh.svg}} [[Uttar Pradesh]]: On June, Uttar Pradesh Chief Medical Officer issued an advisory for and District Magistrates and other higher health officials of the state to remain alert. The advisory directed that information on patients with fever and rashes to be shared with the office of the CMO.

=== Others ===

== Cases and statistics==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!State/Union Territory
!District
!Confirmed Cases
!Suspected Cases
!Total Cases
!References
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{Flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}}[[Bihar]]
|[[Patna district|Patna]]
|{{Mdash}}
|1
|1
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2022 |title=Bihar: After Patna Suspected Case of Monkeypox Detected in Nalanda, Sample Sent to Pune |url=https://www.india.com/bihar/monkeypox-in-bihar-27th-july-2022-after-patna-suspected-case-of-monkeypox-detected-in-nalanda-5538163/ |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=India.com |language=en-IN |archive-date=July 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727141059/https://www.india.com/bihar/monkeypox-in-bihar-27th-july-2022-after-patna-suspected-case-of-monkeypox-detected-in-nalanda-5538163/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Nalanda district|Nalanda]]
|{{Mdash}}
|1
|1
|-
|'''State Total'''
|'''{{Mdash}}'''
|'''2'''
|'''2'''
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{Flagicon image|Flag of Delhi Capital Territory.svg}}[[Delhi]]
|[[New Delhi district|New Delhi]]
|{{Mdash}}
|1
|1
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 July 2022 |title=Monkeypox suspect with foreign travel history admitted to Delhi's LNJP Hospital |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/monkeypox-suspect-with-foreign-travel-history-admitted-to-delhis-lnjp-hospital-sources/articleshow/93145243.cms |access-date=27 July 2022 |archive-date=July 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727141728/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/monkeypox-suspect-with-foreign-travel-history-admitted-to-delhis-lnjp-hospital-sources/articleshow/93145243.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[West Delhi]]
|1
|{{Mdash}}
|1
|-
|'''UT Total'''
|'''1'''
|'''1'''
|'''2'''
|-
| rowspan="4" |{{Flagicon image|Flag of Kerala.png}}[[Kerala]]
|[[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|1
|{{Mdash}}
|1
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=22 July 2022 |title=India reports third case of monkeypox in Kerala |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-reports-third-case-of-monkeypox/article65670106.ece |access-date=27 July 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=July 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727165055/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-reports-third-case-of-monkeypox/article65670106.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Kollam district|Kollam]]
|1
|{{Mdash}}
|1
|-
|[[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|2
|{{Mdash}}
|1
|-
|'''State Total'''
|'''4'''
|'''{{Mdash}}'''
|'''3'''
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Telangana]]
|[[Khammam district|Khammam]]
|{{Mdash}}
|1
|1
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 July 2022 |title=One more suspected case of monkeypox in Telangana |url=https://telanganatoday.com/one-more-suspected-case-of-monkeypox-in-telangana |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=[[Telangana Today]] |language=en-US |archive-date=July 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726172830/https://telanganatoday.com/one-more-suspected-case-of-monkeypox-in-telangana |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|'''State Total'''
|'''{{Mdash}}'''
|'''1'''
|'''10'''
|-
| rowspan="4" |{{Flagicon image|Flag of Uttar Pradesh.svg}}[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Auraiya district|Auraiya]]
|{{Mdash}}
|1
|1
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2022 |title=Suspected monkeypox case reported in Noida; patient in home isolation |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/suspected-monkeypox-case-reported-in-noida-patient-in-home-isolation-101658925032450.html |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en-IN |archive-date=July 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727142432/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/suspected-monkeypox-case-reported-in-noida-patient-in-home-isolation-101658925032450.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=27 July 2022 |title=Ghaziabad On Alert After Suspected Case of Monkeypox |url=https://www.india.com/uttar-pradesh/monkeypox-in-uttar-pradesh-latest-news-today-27th-july-2022-ghaziabad-on-alert-after-suspected-case-of-monkeypox-deets-inside-5537533/ |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=India.com |language=en-IN |archive-date=July 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727083405/https://www.india.com/uttar-pradesh/monkeypox-in-uttar-pradesh-latest-news-today-27th-july-2022-ghaziabad-on-alert-after-suspected-case-of-monkeypox-deets-inside-5537533/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]]
|{{Mdash}}
|2
|2
|-
|[[Gautam Buddha Nagar district|Gautam Buddha Nagar]]
|{{Mdash}}
|1
|1
|-
|'''State Total'''
|'''{{Mdash}}'''
|'''4'''
|'''4'''
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="2" |'''{{IND}}'''
|'''4'''
|'''8'''
|'''12'''
|{{Mdash}}
|}

=== Total Cases Graph ===
{{Graph:Chart
|type=line
|colors=#FF4500,#A50026,#87CEEB
|width=750
|legend=Legend
|yAxisMax= 15
|xAxisTitle=Date
|xAxisAngle = -90
|x= 2 June 2022, 3 June 2022, 4 June 2022, 5 June 2022, 6 June 2022, 7 June 2022, 8 June 2022, 9 June 2022, 10 June 2022, 11 June 2022, 12 June 2022, 13 June 2022, 14 June 2022, 15 June 2022, 16 June 2022, 17 June 2022, 18 June 2022, 19 June 2022, 20 June 2022, 21 June 2022, 22 June 2022, 23 June 2022, 24 June 2022, 25 June 2022, 26 June 2022, 27 June 2022, 28 June 2022, 29 June 2022, 30 June 2022, 1 July 2022, 2 July 2022, 3 July 2022, 4 July 2022, 5 July 2022, 6 July 2022, 7 July 2022, 8 July 2022, 9 July 2022, 10 July 2022, 11 July 2022, 12 July 2022, 13 July 2022, 14 July 2022, 15 July 2022, 16 July 2022, 17 July 2022, 18 July 2022, 19 July 2022, 20 July 2022, 21 July 2022, 22 July 2022, 23 July 2022, 24 July 2022, 25 July 2022, 26 July 2022, 27 July 2022
|yAxisTitle=Number of total cases
|y1=0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,3,3,5,6,9,12
|y1Title=Total cumulative cases
|y2=0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,4,4,4,4
|y2Title=Total confirmed cases
|y3=0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,2,5,8
|y3Title=Total suspected cases
|yGrid= |xGrid=
}}

==See also==
*[[2022–2023 mpox outbreak]]
*[[Timeline of the 2022–2023 mpox outbreak]]
*[[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Asia]]
** [[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Israel]]
** [[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Japan]]
*[[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Europe]]
** [[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in France]]
** [[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Germany]]
** [[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the Netherlands]]
** [[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Portugal]]
** [[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Spain]]
** [[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the United Kingdom]]
*[[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Canada]]
*[[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Brazil]]
*[[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Peru]]
*[[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in South Africa]]
*[[2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the United States]]
* [[Mpox in Nigeria]]
* [[Mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*[[COVID-19 pandemic in India]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{2022–2023 mpox outbreak}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2022-2023 mpox outbreak in India}}
[[Category:2022–2023 mpox outbreak|India]]
[[Category:2022 disasters in India|Mpox]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in India|Mpox]]

2022 2023 mpox outbreak in India - Revision history

Gheethivf at 05:49, 15 July 2025