Mpsep15 at 17:12, 13 April 2026

2026-04-13T17:12:10Z

New page

{{Short description|IED attack in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Kalamassery Convention Centre Blast
| image =
| caption =
| map = {{Location map|Kerala#India
| lat_deg = 10.0589268
| lon_deg = 76.3592979}}
| location = Zamra International Convention & Exhibition Centre, [[Kalamassery]], [[Kerala]], India
| coordinates = {{Coord|10|03|32|N|76|21|34|E|display=inline,title}}
| date = {{Start date|2023|10|29|df=y}}
| time = 9:40 AM
| timezone = GMT +5:30
| target = Jehovah's Witnesses Convention
| type = [[Bomb]]ing
| fatalities = 8
| injuries = 50+
| perp = Dominic Martin
| motive = [[Indian nationalism|Indian]] [[Ultranationalism|ultra-nationalism]]
| weapons = [[Improvised explosive device]]
}}
On 29 October 2023, a series of [[improvised explosive device]] (IED) blasts took place during a convention of [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] in [[Kalamassery]], a suburb of [[Kochi]], India.<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news |last1=Devasia |first1=Jose |last2=Ponnezhath |first2=Maria |last3=Thomas |first3=Chris |title=India police probe bomb blasts that killed three in Kerala |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/one-killed-several-injured-explosions-indias-southern-state-local-media-2023-10-29/ |work=Reuters |date=29 October 2023 |language=en |access-date=29 October 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029090859/https://www.reuters.com/world/india/one-killed-several-injured-explosions-indias-southern-state-local-media-2023-10-29/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 October 2023 |title=Kalamassery convention centre blast: Kochi resident claims responsibility, surrenders before Kerala Police |url=https://www.orissapost.com/kalamassery-convention-centre-blast-kochi-resident-claims-responsibility-surrenders-before-kerala-police/ |work=Orissa Post |location=Kochi |access-date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030081635/https://www.orissapost.com/kalamassery-convention-centre-blast-kochi-resident-claims-responsibility-surrenders-before-kerala-police/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Five women, two men, and a child were killed and more than fifty other people were injured when the group was holding a Sunday morning session of their annual regional convention in [[South India|southern India]]'s [[Kerala]] state.<ref name="Independent">{{cite news |title=Kerala on high alert as explosion hits southern India Christian prayer gathering |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/kerala-prayer-explosion-alert-india-christian-b2437862.html |work=The Independent |first=Shweta |last=Sharma |date=29 October 2023 |language=en |access-date=29 October 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029093322/https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/kerala-prayer-explosion-alert-india-christian-b2437862.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |title=Woman killed, several injured in explosion at a convention centre in Kerala's Kalamassery |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/people-killed-several-injured-in-explosion-at-a-convention-centre-in-kalamassery/article67472535.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=29 October 2023 |language=en-IN |access-date=29 October 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029093322/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/people-killed-several-injured-in-explosion-at-a-convention-centre-in-kalamassery/article67472535.ece/amp/ |url-status=live}}</ref> A man shortly surrendered at the [[Kodakara]] police station, claiming to be responsible for the blast. The motive of the blast is still under investigation.<ref name="HT">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-29 |title=Kerala Blast Live: '41 people hospitalised, special team probing incident,' says CM |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kerala-blast-news-live-updates-kochi-death-injured-101698559152546.html |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029155004/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kerala-blast-news-live-updates-kochi-death-injured-101698559152546.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-29 |title=Kerala Bomb Blast News {{!}} Kalamassery Convention Centre Blast Live: One killed, 36 injured in Kochi; IED device used for explosion, confirms state police chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/live-updates-kerala-kochi-kalamassery-convention-centre-blasts-explosions-prayer-meet-jehovahs-witnesses/liveblog/104795079.cms |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030010207/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/live-updates-kerala-kochi-kalamassery-convention-centre-blasts-explosions-prayer-meet-jehovahs-witnesses/liveblog/104795079.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Incident==
On the morning of 29 October 2023, the final day of a three-day programme,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/2023-Convention-Program/|title=2023 Convention Program—"Exercise Patience"!|website=JW.org|publisher=[[Jehovah's Witnesses]]|access-date=5 November 2023}}</ref> about 2500 members of Jehovah's Witnesses had gathered at the Zamra International Convention & Exhibition Centre, [[Kalamassery]], [[Kerala]], [[South India]]. The blasts occurred at 9:40 AM and fire was reported in the building<ref name="Independent" /> located 10 km northeast of [[Kochi]] city. Witnesses say that there were multiple explosions, and that the hall was filled with smoke and fire. People rushed out of the centre in panic, and some were injured in the stampede.<ref name="HT" /> The first victim was found charred to death in the middle of the hall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalamassery blasts: Death toll climbs to 3 as 12-year-old girl succumbs to burns; police identify first victim |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/10/30/kalamassery-blasts-girl-on-ventilator-support-dies-death-toll-climbs-three.html |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=OnManorama |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030105846/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/10/30/kalamassery-blasts-girl-on-ventilator-support-dies-death-toll-climbs-three.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The injured were taken to nearby hospitals, and several are in critical condition.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2023-10-29 |title=Kerala Blast Live Updates: 'This is a horrific tragedy', says Kerala Governor |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/kerala-blast-live-updates-explosion-convention-centre-kalamassery-one-person-died-20-injured-rescue-operation-underway-11698559375177.html |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029155439/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/kerala-blast-live-updates-explosion-convention-centre-kalamassery-one-person-died-20-injured-rescue-operation-underway-11698559375177.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kalamassery-blasts-death-toll-rises-12-year-old-girl-injuries/article67475340.ece |title=Kalamassery blasts: toll rises to three as 12-year-old girl succumbs to injuries |work=The Hindu |date=30 October 2023 |access-date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030035109/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kalamassery-blasts-death-toll-rises-12-year-old-girl-injuries/article67475340.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Victims ==
{{As of|2023|12|7}}, eight people have died as a result of the explosion, with three victims belonging to the same family.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2023-11-16 |title=Death toll in Kalamassery blasts rises to six |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/death-toll-in-kalamassery-blasts-rises-to-six/article67541891.ece |access-date=2023-11-21 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The first reported fatality was Leona Paulos, a 55-year-old woman who was found charred to death at the blast spot.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. N. M. |date=2023-10-30 |title=12-year-old victim of Kalamassery blasts succumbs to burn injuries |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/12-year-old-victim-of-kalamassery-blasts-succumbs-to-burn-injuries |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=The News Minute |language=en |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030130721/https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/12-year-old-victim-of-kalamassery-blasts-succumbs-to-burn-injuries |url-status=live }}</ref> A few hours later, Kumari Pushpan, a resident of [[Thodupuzha]], died in the hospital.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-29 |title=കളമശ്ശേരി സ്ഫോടനത്തിൽ മരണം രണ്ടായി; ഗുരുതരാവസ്ഥയിലായിരുന്ന സ്ത്രീ മരിച്ചു |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/kerala/kerala-blast-news-updates-kalamassery-blast-kills-two-the-woman-who-was-in-critical-condition-died-nj-634557.html |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=News18 Malayalam |language=ml |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031035806/https://malayalam.news18.com/news/kerala/kerala-blast-news-updates-kalamassery-blast-kills-two-the-woman-who-was-in-critical-condition-died-nj-634557.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On the next day, 12-year-old Libna, whose burns were 95%, succumbed to her injuries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-30 |title=കളമശ്ശേരി സ്‌ഫോടനം: മരണസംഖ്യ മൂന്നായി, ചികിത്സയിലായിരുന്ന 12-കാരിയും മരിച്ചു |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kalamassery-blast-death-toll-rises-to-three-12-year-old-girl-who-was-undergoing-treatment-died-1.9028414 |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031093601/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kalamassery-blast-death-toll-rises-to-three-12-year-old-girl-who-was-undergoing-treatment-died-1.9028414 |url-status=live }}</ref> More than 50 others suffered burn injuries due to fire. 17 people had been admitted to different hospitals, 12 of whom were in intensive care with [[Total body surface area|burns above 50-60%]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last1=Mollan |first1=Cherylann |last2=Padanna |first2=Ashraf |date=30 October 2023 |title=Kerala attacks: India police investigate deadly blasts targeting Jehovah's Witnesses |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67259078 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030102709/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67259078 |archive-date=30 October 2023}}</ref> A week later, 61-year-old Molly Joy and 45-year-old Reena "Sally" Pradeepan, who is also Libna's mother, died while in intensive care.<ref>{{Cite web |title=മരിച്ച ലിബ്നയുടെ അമ്മ സാലിയും മരണത്തിനു കീഴടങ്ങി; കളമശേരി സ്ഫോടനത്തിൽ മരണം അഞ്ചായി |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2023/11/11/another-victim-of-kalamassery-bomb-blast-succumbed-to-death.html |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=www.manoramaonline.com |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2023-11-06 |title=Kerala Blasts: Fourth Jehovah's Witness injured in the blast, dies |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/kerala-blasts-fourth-jehovahs-witness-injured-in-the-blast-dies |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> The sixth victim was Praveen Pradeepan, older brother of Libna and son of Reena, both of whom had died as a result of their injuries following the blast.<ref name=":1" /> Seventh victim, 78-year-old K.V. John, was undergoing treatment for injuries in the blast and died on 2 December 2023 and his wife Lilly John, 71, a retired bank employee, was the eighth victim who died on 7 December 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/12/02/kalamassery-blast-death-toll-up-to-seven.html | title=Kalamassery blast: One more succumbs to injuries, death toll up to 7 }}</ref>

==Suspect==
===Dominic Martin===
Dominic Martin, a 57-year-old resident of [[Thammanam]] who claims to be a renegade member of the Jehovah's Witnesses, surrendered at a police station in [[Kodakara]] and confessed that he is behind the blast. Prior to surrendering, he posted a video on Facebook where he was seen saying that he resented the Witnesses' "[[Anti-national (India)|anti-national]]" doctrines. Police were suspicious of Martin's claim, and took him to custody for further questioning.<ref name=martin>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/one-killed-several-injured-explosions-indias-southern-statelocal-media-2023-10-29/ |title=India police probe bomb blasts that killed two in Kerala |newspaper=Reuters |date=29 October 2023 |last1=Devasia |first1=Jose |last2=Ponnezhath |first2=Maria |last3=Thomas |first3=Chris |access-date=29 October 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029090859/https://www.reuters.com/world/india/one-killed-several-injured-explosions-indias-southern-state-local-media-2023-10-29/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0"/>

===Confession===
As per the suspect's own confession, he planned the blast when he was working in Dubai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-01 |title=NIA അന്വേഷണം ദുബായിലേക്ക്; മാർട്ടിന് തലേദിവസം രാത്രിവന്ന ഫോൺകോളിനെക്കുറിച്ചും അന്വേഷണം |trans-title=NIA probe into Dubai; Also investigating the phone call Martin received the night before |url=https://newspaper.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kalamassery-blast-1.9032319 |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Newspaper |language=en |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101135342/https://newspaper.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kalamassery-blast-1.9032319 |url-status=live }}</ref> Martin told the police that he used {{Convert|8|L|U.S.gal|abbr=on}} of [[Gasoline|petrol]] and high-impact [[firecracker]]s to make the bomb.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=M. P. |date=2023-10-30 |title=Kalamassery blast {{!}} How the accused assembled the explosive device using gundu, petrol, remote and YouTube tutorial |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kalamassery-blast-a-tale-of-50-gundu-8-litres-of-petrol-a-remote-and-a-youtube-tutorial/article67477536.ece |access-date=2023-11-01 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031062036/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kalamassery-blast-a-tale-of-50-gundu-8-litres-of-petrol-a-remote-and-a-youtube-tutorial/article67477536.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Electronic components required for detonating the bomb were purchased from [[Ernakulam]] on the pretext of making remote control toys for children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dominic Martin bought bomb components on pretext of making toys, assembled explosives in flat |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/11/01/kalamassery-blasts-dominic-martin-bought-bomb-components-pretext-making-toys.html |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=OnManorama |archive-date=2 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102004941/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/11/01/kalamassery-blasts-dominic-martin-bought-bomb-components-pretext-making-toys.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Investigation ==
Initially, it was speculated that some [[Islamism|Islamist]] [[Terrorism in India|terrorist groups]] might be behind the blasts and the incident was connected to the ongoing [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-29 |title=Kalamassery explosion triggers hate speech, fake news; Police warn of strict action |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kalamassery-hate-speeches-misinformations-flood-social-media-despite-police-warning-1.9026068 |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030105025/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kalamassery-hate-speeches-misinformations-flood-social-media-despite-police-warning-1.9026068 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Varma |first=Aishwarya |date=2023-10-29 |title=False Claims About Jews Being Targeted in Kerala Blasts Go Viral on Social Media |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/narrative-of-kerala-blast-targeting-jews-viral-amid-israel-hamas-conflict |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=TheQuint |language=en |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030105024/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/narrative-of-kerala-blast-targeting-jews-viral-amid-israel-hamas-conflict |url-status=live}}</ref> Initial interrogation of the accused by police have thought that this was likely an [[Insider threat|insider attack]] but later developments proved that the accused had foreign links.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-04 |title=Kalamassery blasts probe: Cops get nod to approach authorities in UAE |url= https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/India/kalamassery-blasts-probe-cops-get-nod-to-approach-authorities-in-uae/ar-AA1ymyg2 |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=MSN|language=en }}</ref> Preliminary investigation indicated that an IED placed inside a [[Tiffin carrier|tiffin box]] might have caused the blasts.<ref name=":0" /> Police also recovered four [[Remote control|remote control devices]] from the storage space of Martin's scooter which he parked at the Kodakara police station before surrender.<ref>{{Cite web |title=സ്റ്റേഷനിലെ തിരക്കൊഴിയാൻ ഡൊമിനിക് കാത്തുനിന്നത് അരമണിക്കൂർ; റിമോട്ട് കൺട്രോളുകളും കണ്ടെടുത്തു |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/thrissur/2023/11/12/kalamassery-bomb-blast-case-investigation.html |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=www.manoramaonline.com |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-12 |title=Kalamassery blasts: Libna's mom dies, toll rises to five |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kalamassery-blasts-libnas-mom-dies-toll-rises-to-five/articleshow/105160431.cms |access-date=2023-11-13 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Interpol assistance ===
In early 2025, the case had a significant turn with investigators uncovering foreign connections linked to the accused, Dominic Martin. According to sources, the accused had sent images of the bomb he allegedly prepared to three foreign phone numbers. Following this findings, authorities sought [[Interpol]]’s assistance to further the probe. The accused had spent a long time in Dubai, but due to legal restrictions, a detailed investigation did not take place there. With the state government's approval, Kerala Police’s Interpol liaison officer, Crime Branch IG, is now authorized to engage with UAE authorities, pending central government clearance. The investigation will focus on the accused’s activities and personal connections in Dubai. Officials believe this could provide crucial insights into the case, and any additional evidence uncovered may be presented in court. The chargesheet in the case was filed in April 2024, but authorities continue to probe possible external influences and motives behind the attack.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-04 |title= Kalamassery blasts probe: Cops get nod to approach authorities in UAE |work=The New Indian Express |url= https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2025/Feb/04/kalamassery-blasts-probe-cops-get-nod-to-approach-authorities-in-uae-3 |access-date=2025-02-04}}</ref>

==Response==
According to the Kerala Director General of Police Shaik Darvesh Saheb, preliminary investigation indicated that an [[improvised explosive device]] was utilized.<ref name="Reuters"/> The [[Government of Kerala|Kerala government]] put the state on high alert after the blasts. Police and security forces have been deployed in sensitive areas, and checks are being carried out at all entry and exit points to the state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-29 |title=Kochi Convention Centre Blast Live Updates: Toll rises to two as woman undergoing treatment for burns succumbs |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kerala/kerala-blast-kalamassery-jehovas-witness-convension-live-updates-9004213/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029155438/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kerala/kerala-blast-kalamassery-jehovas-witness-convension-live-updates-9004213/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Independent" />

The [[National Security Guard]], India's national counter-terrorism unit, moved one of its [[bomb disposal]] units from [[New Delhi]] to [[Kerala]] in order to conduct an investigation and collected evidence from the blast site.<ref name="Independent" />

The [[National Investigation Agency]] (NIA) has taken over the investigation into the blasts. The NIA is India's premier counter-terrorism agency, and it is investigating the possibility that the blasts were carried out by a terrorist group.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Devasia |first1=Jose |last2=Ponnezhath |first2=Maria |last3=Thomas |first3=Chris |date=2023-10-29 |title=India police probe bomb blasts that killed two in Kerala |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/one-killed-several-injured-explosions-indias-southern-state-local-media-2023-10-29/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029090859/https://www.reuters.com/world/india/one-killed-several-injured-explosions-indias-southern-state-local-media-2023-10-29/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/man-who-claims-to-be-from-jehovahs-witnesses-surrenders-takes-responsibility-for-kochi-blasts/cid/1976191 |title=Man who claims to be from Jehovah's Witnesses surrenders, takes responsibility for Kochi blasts |work=The Telegraph |date=29 August 2023 |access-date=29 August 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029160524/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/man-who-claims-to-be-from-jehovahs-witnesses-surrenders-takes-responsibility-for-kochi-blasts/cid/1976191 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kalamassery-convention-centre-blast-police-yet-to-record-arrest-of-dominic-martin/article67473986.ece |title=Kalamassery convention centre blast: Police yet to record arrest of Dominic Martin |work=The Hindu |date=29 October 2023 |access-date=29 October 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029164845/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kalamassery-convention-centre-blast-police-yet-to-record-arrest-of-dominic-martin/article67473986.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kalamassery blast: Islamic organisation demands strict action against those who spread rumours |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/10/30/kalamassery-blast-islamic-organisation-demands.html |publisher=Onmanorama |access-date=1 November 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030141235/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/10/30/kalamassery-blast-islamic-organisation-demands.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Shortly after the bombing occurred, false claims that it was linked to the [[Gaza war]] spread on social media.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Soham |date=October 30, 2023 |title=Blasts targeting Kerala's Jehovah's Witnesses falsely linked to Israel-Hamas conflict |url=https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/article/blasts-kerala-misinformation-israel-hamas |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=[[Logically (company)|Logically]] |language=en |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031191104/https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/article/blasts-kerala-misinformation-israel-hamas |url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of terrorist incidents in India]]
* [[2023 Hamburg shooting]] – March 2023 attack against Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Portal bar|Christianity|Crime|India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kerala bombing, 2023}}
[[Category:2023 in Kerala|2023 bombing]]
[[Category:Crime in Kerala]]
[[Category:Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:History of Kochi]]
[[Category:2023 building bombings]]
[[Category:Building bombings in India]]
[[Category:October 2023 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:October 2023 in India]]
[[Category:Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses]]
[[Category:2023 mass murders]]
[[Category:21st-century mass murders in India]]
[[Category:2023 murders in India]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in India in 2023]]

2023 Kerala bombing - Revision history

Mpsep15 at 17:12, 13 April 2026