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{{Short description|Military Unit}}
{{redirect|5GR|the mobile phone standard|5G}}

{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)
| image = 5 Gorkha Rifles.png
| caption = Cap badge of 5th Gorkha Rifles
| dates = 1858–present
| country = {{flagicon|India}} [[India]]
| allegiance =
| branch = [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|border|25px]] [[Indian Army]]
| type = Rifle Regiment
| role = [[Infantry]]
| size = 6 Battalions
| command_structure =
| garrison = 58 Gorkha Training Centre, [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]]
| garrison_label = Regimental Centre
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| nickname = ''Frontier Force''
| patron =
| motto = ''शौर्य एवं निष्ठा'' ''Shaurya Evam Nistha (Courage and Determination)''
| colors = Rifle Green {{colour box|#006400}} and {{colour box|#000000}} Black
| colors_label = Regimental Colours
| march = War Cry: ''Ayo Gorkhali'' ("The Gorkhas are here")
| mascot =
| battles = [[Second Afghan War|The Second Anglo-Afghan War 1878-1880]] 
[[First world war|First World War 1914-1918]] [[Third Afghan War|The Third Anglo-Afghan War of 1919]] 
[[Second world war|Second World War 1939-1945]] 
[[Indo-Pakistani war of 1947|Indo-Pakistani war of 1947-48]] 
[[Indo-China war of 1962]] 
[[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965]] [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]]
| anniversaries = 22 May
| decorations = 7 [[Victoria Cross]] 64 [[Military Cross]] 1 [[Ashoka Chakra Award|Ashoka Chakra]] 8 [[Maha Vir Chakra]]s 5 [[Kirti Chakra]]s 23 [[Vir Chakra]]s 9 Shaurya Chakras 1 Yudh Seva Medal 53 [[Sena Medal]]s 27 Mentioned-in-Despatches
| battle_honours = '''Post Independence''' [[Operation Bison (Jammu & Kashmir 1948)|Zoji La]] [[Operation Bison (Jammu & Kashmir 1948)|Kargil]] Charwa [[Sylhet]] [[Sehjra]] '''Theatre honours''' [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1947|Jammu and Kashmir-1947-48]] [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|Punjab-1965]] [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|East Pakistan-1971]] [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|Jammu and Kashmir-1971]] [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|Punjab-1971]]
| current_commander =
| current_commander_label =
| ceremonial_chief =
| ceremonial_chief_label =
| colonel_of_the_regiment = Lt Gen Ravin Khosla,UYSM,AVSM,SM,VSM.
| colonel_of_the_regiment_label =
| notable_commanders = Field Marshal Sir [[Sir Arthur Barrett|Arthur Arnold Barrett]], GCB, GCSI, KCVO, ADC
Lt General Faridoon Bilimoria PVSM ADC, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Central Army Command<ref>Lieutenant General Bilimoria, His Life & Times by Major General Ian Cardozo, published
2016, Centre for Armed Forces Research, United Services Institute of India
</ref>

Gen [[Dalbir Singh]], PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC 
Lt Gen [[Zorawar Chand Bakshi]], PVSM, MVC, VrC, VSM 
Lt Gen [[Srinivas Kumar Sinha|S. K. Sinha]], PVSM (Ex Governor of J&K and Assam) 
Maj Gen [[Ian Cardozo]], AVSM, SM 
Lt Gen Richard Khare, PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM
| identification_symbol = A pair of Black crossed [[Khukri]]s with the floriated numeral 5 in between
| identification_symbol_label = Regimental Insignia
| identification_symbol_2 = [http://i211.photobucket.com/albums/bb309/hammersfan_01/Tartans/Government.gif Government (pipes and drums)]
| identification_symbol_2_label = Tartan
| identification_symbol_3 = '''5 GR(FF)'''
| identification_symbol_3_label = Abbreviations
}}
'''5th Gorkha Rifles''' ('''Frontier Force'''), also abbreviated as '''5 GR'''('''FF''') is an [[infantry]] [[regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]] comprising [[Gurkha]] soldiers of [[Nepal]]ese origin. It was formed in 1858 as part of the [[British Indian Army]].
The regiment's battalions served in the [[First World War]] ([[Mesopotamia]]) and [[Second World War]] ([[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]], [[Mediterranean]], [[Italian campaign (World War II)|Italian campaign]], and in Burma).

The regiment was known as the '''5th Royal Gurkha Rifles''' ('''Frontier Force''') when it was one of the [[Gurkha]] regiments that was transferred to the Indian Army following [[Partition of India|independence of Indian and Pakistan in 1947]] and given its current name in 1950.

Since 1947, the regiment has served in a number of conflicts, including the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] and the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. It has also participated in [[Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War|peacekeeping operations in Sri Lanka]].

==History==
===19th century===
The regiment was raised in 1858 as the '''25th Native Punjab Infantry''', also known as the "[[Hazara, Pakistan|Hazara]] Goorkha Battalion".<ref>Gaylor 1992, pp. 232–234</ref> The soldiers of the regiment originated from the [[Nepal|Kingdom of Nepal]] and in 1861 it was renamed the 5th Gurkha Regiment.<ref name="Bem5G">{{cite web |work=Britishempire.co.uk |url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armyunits/gurkha/5thgurkhas.htm |title=5th Gurkha Rifles |access-date=19 October 2017 }}</ref> The regiment's first major action was during the [[Second Afghan War]], where they were awarded their first battle honour at [[Battle of Peiwar Kotal|Peiwar Kotal]] and Captain [[John Cook (VC)|John Cook]] was awarded the [[Victoria Cross]].<ref name="Gaylor, p.233">Gaylor, p.233</ref> In 1891 the regiment was awarded the prestigious title of a Rifle regiment and became '''5th Gurkha (Rifle) Regiment''' which was shortened to '''5th Gurkha Rifles''' in 1901.<ref name="Bem5G"/>

The regiment spent most of its time up to the end of the 19th century based in the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] as part of the '''Punjab Frontier Force''' ([[Punjab Irregular Force|PIF]] or [[PIFFER Units|PIFFER]]), and its regimental centre was at the frontier hill town of [[Abbottabad]], in the [[Hazara, Pakistan|Hazara]] region of North-West Frontier Province (now [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] in [[Pakistan]]). This connection was reflected when in 1903, the regiment was renamed the '''5th Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force)'''.<ref name="Bem5G"/>

===First World War===
[[File:Gurkha Rifles in bivouacs, Gallipoli, 1915.jpg|thumb|left|200px|5th Gurkha Rifles in bivouacs at [[Gallipoli]], 1915]]
During the [[First World War]], the regiment primarily saw service in the [[Middle East]]—the 1st Battalion saw extensive and hard service at [[Gallipoli Campaign|Gallipoli]] in 1915<ref name="Gaylor, p.233"/> (where seven officers and 129 men were killed in the first few hours after the battalion landed).<ref>Parker 2005, p. 118</ref> During the withdrawal, a [[company (military unit)|company]] of the 5th Gurkhas were among the last troops to leave.<ref>Parker 2005, p. 126.</ref>

The 2nd Battalion initially served in India with the [[2nd (Rawalpindi) Division]] before transferring to [[Mesopotamian campaign|Mesopotamia]] in April 1916 and joining the [[42nd Indian Brigade]], [[15th Indian Division]]. The 1st Battalion joined them in March 1917 from the [[1st (Peshawar) Division]] and both battalions fought together at the [[action of Khan Baghdadi]]. A 3rd Battalion was raised for service on the [[North-West Frontier (military history)|North-West Frontier]], before being disbanded in 1921.<ref name="Gaylor, p.234">Gaylor, p.234</ref>

===Inter-War period===
In 1921, the regiment was given the title the '''5th Royal Gurkha Rifles''', in recognition of its service during the [[First World War]].<ref name="Gaylor, p.234"/> During the inter-war period, the regiment received three further battle honours, for the [[Third Afghan War]] in 1919, and two for service on the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North West Frontier]]. The regiment together with the [[13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers]] were the only units awarded such honours.{{Citation needed|date=July 2017}}

===Second World War===
[[File:5th Gurkha Rifles, Japan 1946.jpg|left|thumb|250px|The 2nd Battalion, 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles marching through [[Kure, Hiroshima|Kure]] soon after arriving in [[Japan]] to join the [[British Commonwealth Occupation Force]]. (May 1946)]]
During the [[Second World War]], the '''1st Battalion 5th Gurkhas''' as part of the [[8th Indian Infantry Division]]'s [[17th Indian Infantry Brigade]] served in the [[Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre]] (including the [[Italian Campaign (World War II)|Italian Campaign]]). Rifleman [[Thaman Gurung]] of the 1st Battalion won the [[Victoria Cross]] while serving in Italy.<ref>Parker 2005, pp. 212–213</ref>

The '''2nd Battalion''' served in the [[Far East]] in the [[Burma Campaign]] as part of the [[17th Indian Infantry Division]] and was involved in the retreat of the [[British Indian Army]] from [[Burma]], they were one of four battalions chosen to fight as the rearguard at the [[Sittang River]], which formed the border with India. When the bridge over the river was blown up, preventing the [[Japan]]ese forces from entering India, many of the regiment were left on the wrong side. The regiment was involved in the re-entry into Burma in 1943 where three members of the regiment were awarded the [[Victoria Cross]]. After the war, the 2nd Battalion was re-issued with new uniforms, equipment and transport and posted to [[Tokyo]] in Japan as part of the [[British Commonwealth Occupation Force]].<ref>Parker 2005, p. 219.</ref>

The '''4th Battalion''' was raised in 1941 and also served in the Burma Campaign as part of the [[7th Indian Infantry Division]], fighting in five epic battles at North Arakan, Buthidaung ([[Battle of the Admin Box]]), Kohima, Pakkoku (Irrawaddy), and Sittang. The battalion had the unique distinction of getting four Battle Honours for the five battles fought. Major I M Brown of the 4th Battalion was one of the few soldiers of the Second World War who was awarded the [[Military Cross]] three times.<ref>Roberts 1952, {{page needed|date=July 2017}}</ref>

===Post Independence===
[[File:Yudh Abhyas 2013, 2nd Batallion, 5th Gurkha Rifles.jpg|right|thumb|Soldiers of the 99th Mountain Brigade's 2nd Battalion, 5 Gorkha Rifles, during Yudh Abhyas 2013]]
On Independence, the 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force) was one of the six Gurkha regiments that remained part of the new Indian Army; they were renamed the '''5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)''' in 1950. The Regiment now has a total of six Battalions and has participated in virtually every major action the Indian Army has undertaken in its four wars with [[Pakistan]], including the first heliborne operations undertaken by the army during the 1971 war. The regiment has participated in the following actions:{{Citation needed|date=July 2017}}

* [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|Indo-Pak War of 1947–48]]
* [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
* [[Battle of Topa]] (Jammu and Kashmir)
* [[Battle of Atgram]] (East Pakistan) 1971
* [[Battle of Sylhet]] (East Pakistan) 1971
* [[Battle of Gazipur]] (East Pakistan—Bangladesh) 1971

The 1st and 4th Battalions were also a part of the [[Indian Peace Keeping Force]] which served in Sri Lanka and fought against the LTTE. During this deployment, the 4th Battalion's commander, Lieutenant Colonel Bawa, was injured and later died, along with many of his officers and soldiers. The regiment's present headquarters are at [[Shillong]], in North-Eastern India.{{Citation needed|date=July 2017}}

==Lineage==
1858–1861: 25th Punjab Infantry 
1861–1891: 5th Gurkha Regiment 
1891–1901: 5th Gurkha (Rifle) Regiment 
1901–1903: 5th Gurkha Rifles 
1903–1921: 5th Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force) 
1921–1950: 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles 
1950–present: 5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force).<ref name="Bem5G"/>

==Regimental Battalions and Affiliations==
[[File:Stamp of India - 1990 - Colnect 164153 - Gorkha Soldier.jpeg|thumb|right|1990 stamp on the 3rd and 5th Battalion of the 5th Gorkha Rifles (FF)]]
* 1st Battalion: 'FASFIF' & 'Jethi' is affiliated to 56 Field Regiment (JITRA) of The Indian Army.
* 2nd Battalion: 'SEKINFIF' (Victoria Cross Paltan)
* 3rd Battalion: 'THREEFIF'
* 4th Battalion: 'FOFIFF' & 'KANCHI',is affiliated to 110 Helicopter Unit, Indian Air Force.
* 5th Battalion: 'FIVFIV' &' CHINDITS' ( Ashok Chakra Paltan)
* 6th Battalion:
* 33 Rashtriya Rifles (58 GR)
*INS Khukri (P49): A 'Khukri'-class corvette of the Indian Navy

==Battle honours==
* '''19th century''': [[Battle of Peiwar Kotal|Peiwar Kotal]], [[Second Anglo-Afghan War|Charasiah]], [[Second Anglo-Afghan War|Kabul 1879]], [[Second Anglo-Afghan War|Kandahar 1880]], [[Second Anglo-Afghan War|Afghanistan 1878–80]], [[Punjab Frontier]];<ref name=Parker387/>
* '''First World War''': [[First Suez Offensive|Suez Canal]], [[Sinai and Palestine Campaign|Egypt 1915–16]], [[Khan Baghdadi]], [[Mesopotamian campaign|Mesopotamia 1916–18]], [[Landing at Helles|Helles]], [[Battle of Krithia|Krithia]], [[Landing at Suvla|Suvla]], [[Battle of Sari Bair|Sari Bair]], [[Gallipoli campaign|Gallipoli 1915]], [[North-West Frontier (military history)|North West Frontier 1917]];<ref name=Parker387/>
* '''Inter War Years''': [[Third Anglo-Afghan War|Afghanistan 1919]], [[North-West Frontier (military history)|North West Frontier 1930]], [[North-West Frontier (military history)|North West Frontier 1936–39]];<ref name=Parker387/>
* '''Second World War''': [[The Sangro]], [[Caldari]], [[Battle of Monte Cassino|Cassino]] II, [[San Angelo in Teodice]], [[Rocca d'Arce]], [[Ripa Ridge]], [[Femmina Morta]], [[Monte San Bartolo]], [[The Senio]], [[Italian Campaign (World War II)|Italy 1943–45]], [[Battle of Sittang Bridge|Sittang 1942]], [[Yenangyaung]] 1942, [[Buthidaung]], [[Stockades]], [[North Arakan]], [[Operation Thursday|Chindits 1944]], [[Mogaung]], [[Imphal]], [[Sakawng]], [[Shenam Pass]], [[Bishenpur]], [[The Irrawaddy]] 1942–45, [[Burma Campaign 1944-1945|Sittang 1945]], [[Burma campaign|Burma 1942–45]];<ref name=Parker387>Parker 2005, p. 387.</ref>
* '''Post Independence''': [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|Zoji La]], [[Kargil conflict|Kargil]], [[Kashmir conflict|Jammu and Kashmir 1947–48]], [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Charwa]], [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Punjab 1965]], [[Battle of Sylhet|Sylhet]], [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|East Pakistan 1971]], [[Kashmir conflict|Jammu and Kashmir 1971]], [[Sehjra]], [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Punjab 1971]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/southasia/gurkha/05GR.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113052849/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/southasia/gurkha/05GR.htm |archive-date=13 January 2006 |access-date=5 December 2020|title=5th Gurkha Rifles |work=Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and the Commonwealth }}</ref>

==Victoria Cross recipients==
There were seven Victoria Crosses awarded to British officers and Gurkhas serving with the regiment prior to 1947:<ref>Parker 2005, pp. 391–393.</ref>

* Captain [[John Cook (VC)|John Cook]] (1st Battalion): Afghanistan, 2 December 1878 (posthumously)
* Lieutenant [[Guy Boisragon]] (1st Battalion): [[Hunza Valley|Hunza]], 2 December 1891
* Lieutenant [[John Manners Smith|John Manners-Smith]] (1st Battalion): Hunza, 20 December 1891
* [[Havildar]] [[Gaje Ghale]] (2nd Battalion): Burma, 27 May 1943
* [[Naik (military rank)|Naik]] [[Agansing Rai]] (2nd Battalion): Burma, 26 June 1944
* [[Jemadar]] [[Netrabahadur Thapa]] (2nd Battalion): Burma, 26 June 1944 (posthumously)
* Rifleman [[Thaman Gurung]] (1st Battalion): Italy, 10 November 1944 (posthumously)

==Maha Vir Chakra recipients ==
The following members of the regiment have received the Maha Vir Chakra:{{Citation needed|date=July 2017}}
* Lieutenant Colonel Anant Singh Pathania, MC (1st Battalion)
* L/Havildar Ram Prasad Gurung (1st Battalion)
* Major General H K Sibal
* [[Brigadier]] (Later [[Lieutenant General|Lt. Gen.]]) [[Zorawar Chand Bakhshi|Zoravar Chand Bakshi]]
* Brigadier [[Mohindar Lal Whig]]
* Lieutenant Colonel (Later Brigadier) Arun Bhimrao Harolikar (4th Battalion)
* Rifleman (Later Havildar) Dil Bahadur Chettri (4th Battalion)
* Lieutenant Colonel Inder Bal Singh Bawa {Posthumous} (4th Battalion)

==See also==
* [[Abbottabad]]
* [[Gorkha regiments (India)]]
* [[Royal Gurkha Rifles]]
* [[St. Luke's Church, Abbottabad]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Anon. (1956). ''History of the 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force), 1858–1947'' (2 vols.), Aldershot, UK: Gale & Polden.
* Gaylor, John (1992). ''Sons of John Company: A History of the Indian and Pakistan Armies''. London, UK: Spellmount Press.
* Palsokar, Col. R. D. (1990). ''History of the 5th Gorkha Rifles''. Shillong: 9 Regt Centre.
* Parker, John (2005). ''The Gurkhas: The Inside Story of the World's Most Feared Soldiers''. Headline Book Publishing. {{ISBN|978-0-7553-1415-7}}.
* Roberts, M.R. (1952). ''Golden Arrow'', Aldershot, Gale & Polden.

==External links==
* {{cite web| title=5th Gurkha Rifles| url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armyunits/gurkha/5thgurkhas.htm| work=Britishempire.co.uk website| access-date=2008-07-18}}

{{Indian Army Infantry Regiments}}

[[Category:1858 establishments in India]]
[[Category:British Indian Army infantry regiments]]
[[Category:Gurkhas]]
[[Category:Infantry regiments of the Indian Army from 1947]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1858]]
[[Category:Rifle regiments]]
[[Category:Military units and formations in Burma in World War II|R]]
[[Category:Units of the Indian Peace Keeping Force]]

5th Gorkha Rifles Frontier Force - Revision history

Bot at 23:49, 12 August 2022