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{{Use British English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Lucknow Cavalry Brigade<br>8th (Lucknow) Cavalry Brigade<br>4th Indian Cavalry Brigade
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| dates = October 1911 – March 1918<br>April 1920 – 1923
| country = {{flag|British India|23px}}
| allegiance = [[British Crown]]
| branch = {{army|British India|23px}}
| type = [[Cavalry]]
| role =
| size = [[Brigade]]
| command_structure = [[8th (Lucknow) Division]]<br>[[1st Indian Cavalry Division]]
| garrison = [[Lucknow]]
| garrison_label = Peacetime HQ
| nickname =
| patron =
| motto =
| march =
| mascot =
| anniversaries =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| battles = [[First World War]]
:[[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]
::[[Battle of Cambrai (1917)]]
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
| battle_honours_label =
| disbanded =
| notable_commanders = [[Brigadier-General|Br.-Gen.]] [[Guy Beatty|G.A.H. Beatty]]
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label =
}}
The '''Lucknow Cavalry Brigade''' was a [[cavalry]] [[brigade]] of the [[British Indian Army]] formed in 1911 as a result of the [[Kitchener Reforms]]. It was mobilized as '''8th (Lucknow) Cavalry Brigade''' at the outbreak of the [[First World War]] as part of the [[1st Indian Cavalry Division]] and departed for France. It served on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] with the division until it was broken up in March 1918.

The brigade was reformed in April 1920 and broken up in 1923.

==History==
The [[Kitchener Reforms]], carried out during [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener's]] tenure as [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] (1902–09), completed the unification of the three former [[Presidency armies]], the [[Frontier Force (disambiguation)|Punjab Frontier Force]], the [[Hyderabad Contingent]] and other local forces into one [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]]. Kitchener identified the Indian Army's main task as the defence of the [[North-West Frontier (military history)|North-West Frontier]] against foreign aggression (particularly Russian expansion into Afghanistan) with [[internal security]] relegated to a secondary role. The Army was organized into [[division (military)|divisions]] and [[brigade]]s that would act as field formations but also included internal security troops.<ref name=Haythornthwaite244>{{harvnb|Haythornthwaite|1996|p=244}}</ref>

The '''Lucknow Cavalry Brigade''' was formed in October 1911{{efn|name=Formed|16 October 1911 was the appointment date of the brigade's first commanding officer.<ref name=Hart1913>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/stream/hartsannualarmy1913lond#page/112/mode/2up | title = Hart's Annual Army List for 1913 | author = The late Lieutenant General H.G. Hart | author-link = Henry George Hart | publisher = John Murray | location = London | access-date=18 July 2015 }}</ref>}} as a result of the Kitchener Reforms. The brigade was one of the last to be formed before the outbreak of the [[First World War]]. It formed part of the [[8th (Lucknow) Division]] in peacetime.<ref name=Hart1913/><ref name=Perry102>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=102}}</ref>

;8th (Lucknow) Cavalry Brigade
[[File:Comrades France (Photo 24-158).jpg|thumb|300px| English and Indian soldiers of the Signal Troop of the Lucknow Cavalry Brigade relaxing in a farmyard at Brigade Headquarters, 28 July 1915]]
In September 1914, the brigade was mobilized as the '''8th (Lucknow) Cavalry Brigade''' and assigned to the [[1st Indian Cavalry Division]]. With the division, it departed [[Bombay]] on 16 October 1914 and landed at [[Marseilles]] on 7 November. However, the brigade did not reach the [[Western Front (World War I)|Front]] until 8–10 December due to horse sickness. While in France, the brigade was known by its geographical rather than numerical designation so as to avoid confusion with the British [[8th Cavalry Brigade (United Kingdom)|8th Cavalry Brigade]] also serving on the Western Front at the same time.<ref name=Perry16>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=16}}</ref>

Other than the [[Battle of Cambrai (1917)|Battle of Cambrai]] when it helped to hold the German counter-attack, it was not involved in battle. Instead, it was held in reserve in case of a breakthrough, although it did send parties to the trenches on a number of occasions. They would hold the line, or act as [[Pioneer (military)|Pioneers]]; such parties were designated as the '''Lucknow Battalion'''.<ref name=Perry16/>

;Dissolved
In March 1918, the brigade was broken up in France. The British units ([[1/1st Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons]] and U Battery, [[Royal Horse Artillery|RHA]]) remained in France, 12th Machine Gun Squadron was broken up on 14 April 1918<ref name=LLT_Cav_MGC>{{cite web|publisher=The Long Long Trail|access-date=11 May 2013|last=Baker|first=Chris|title=Cavalry units of the Machine Gun Corps|url=http://www.1914-1918.net/mgccav.html}}</ref> and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt.<ref name=Perry16/> On 24 April 1918, these were merged with the [[8th Mounted Brigade]] of the [[Yeomanry Mounted Division]].<ref name=Becke33>{{harvnb|Becke|1936|p=33}}</ref> On 22 July 1918 the 8th Mounted Brigade was redesignated as [[11th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army)|11th Cavalry Brigade]] and the division as [[4th Cavalry Division (British Indian Army)|4th Cavalry Division]].<ref name=Perry22>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=22}}</ref>

;{{anchor|4}}Post war
The Lucknow Cavalry Brigade was reformed in April 1920. In September 1920 it was designated as the '''4th Indian Cavalry Brigade''' until 1923 when it was broken up.<ref name=Mackie368>{{harvnb|Mackie|2015|p=368}}</ref>

==Orders of battle==
{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; background:transparent;"
!In India in August 1914
|-
|At the outbreak of the [[First World War]], the brigade had the following composition:<ref name=Perry102/>
* [[1st King's Dragoon Guards]]
* [[12th Cavalry]] ''(transferred to [[Faizabad|Fyzabad]] in September 1914)''
* [[16th Cavalry]] ''(remained at [[Lucknow]] in September 1914)''
* [[17th Cavalry]] ''(transferred to [[Allahabad]] in September 1914)''
* [[36th Jacob's Horse]]
|}
{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; background:transparent;"
!Western Front
|-
|The brigade's composition on the Western Front included:<ref name=Perry14>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=14}}</ref>
* [[1st King's Dragoon Guards]] ''(left on 7 October 1917 for India, arriving in November and joined [[4th (Meerut) Cavalry Brigade]])''<ref name=Perry95>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=95}}</ref>
* [[1/1st Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons]] ''(joined on 6 December 1917 from [[Cavalry Corps (United Kingdom)|Cavalry Corps]] Troops)''{{efn|[[1/1st Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons]] was previously [[II Corps (United Kingdom)|II Corps]] Cavalry Regiment.<ref name=James31>{{harvnb|James|1978|p=31}}</ref> On 16 March 1918, it rejoined II Corps as a [[Bicycle infantry|cyclist]] unit.<ref name=Perry15>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=15}}</ref>}}
* [[29th Lancers (Deccan Horse)]] ''(joined in September 1914 from [[Poona]], [[6th (Poona) Division]])''
* [[36th Jacob's Horse]]
* [[U Battery, Royal Horse Artillery]] ''(joined in September 1914 from [[XI Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery]] at Lucknow)''{{efn|[[U Battery, Royal Horse Artillery]] was assigned to [[I Indian Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery]] but in practice was permanently attached to the brigade.<ref name=Perry14/>}}
* Lucknow Cavalry [[Field Ambulance]] ''(sailed from India with the brigade; joined [[1st Indian Cavalry Division]] in December 1914)''
* Lucknow Mobile Veterinary Section ''(sailed from India with the brigade; joined 2nd Indian Cavalry Division in December 1914)''
* Lucknow Signal Troop<ref>{{cite web|access-date=19 September 2012 |publisher=Commonwealth War Graves Commission |title=Battle of Ypres |url=http://www.cwgc.org/ypres/content.asp?id=33&menu=subsub |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914181116/http://www.cwgc.org/ypres/content.asp?id=33&menu=subsub |archive-date=14 September 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref>
* 12th [[Machine Gun]] [[Squadron (army)|Squadron]] ''(from 29 February 1916)''{{efn|Formed of the machine gun sections of 29th Lancers (Deccan Horse) and 36th Jacob's Horse.<ref name=LLT_Cav_MGC/>}}
|}

==Commanders==
The Lucknow Cavalry Brigade / 8th (Lucknow) Cavalry Brigade had the following commanders:<ref name=Mackie368/><ref name=Perry12>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=12}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! From !! Rank !! Name !! Notes
|-
| 16 October 1911 || [[Major-General (United Kingdom)|Major-General]] || [[George Arthur Cookson|G.A. Cookson]] ||
|-
| 26 November 1914 || [[Brigadier-general (United Kingdom)|Brigadier-General]] || [[William Henry Fasken|W.H. Fasken]] ||
|-
| 13 May 1916 || Brigadier-General || [[Moreton Foley Gage|M.F. Gage]] ||
|-
| 13 December 1917 || Brigadier-General || [[Guy Beatty|G.A.H. Beatty]] || Brigade broken up in March 1918
|}
The new Lucknow Cavalry Brigade / 4th Indian Cavalry Brigade was commanded throughout it existence (April 1920{{snd}}1923) by [[Major-General (United Kingdom)|Major-General]] [[Leslie Cockburn Jones|L.C. Jones]].<ref name=Mackie368/>

==See also==
{{portal|World War I}}
* [[22nd (Lucknow) Brigade]]
* [[Indian Cavalry Corps order of battle First World War]]
* [[Indian Expeditionary Force A]]


==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book
| last = Haythornthwaite | first = Philip J.
| author-link = Philip Haythornthwaite
| year = 1996
| title = The World War One Source Book
| publisher = Arms and Armour Press
| location = London
| isbn = 1-85409-351-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Becke | first = Major A.F.
| year = 1936
| title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2A. The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42-56)
| publisher = His Majesty's Stationery Office
| location = London
| isbn = 1-871167-12-4
}}
* {{cite book
| last = James | first = Brigadier E.A.
| year = 1978
| title = British Regiments 1914–18
| publisher = Samson Books Limited
| location = London
| isbn = 0-906304-03-2
}}
* {{cite web
|last=Mackie
|first=Colin
|year=June 2015
|title=Army Commands 1900-2011
|publisher=www.gulabin.com
|url=http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf
|access-date=1 July 2015
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf
|archive-date=5 July 2015
|df=dmy
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Perry | first = F.W.
| year = 1993
| title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5B. Indian Army Divisions
| publisher = Ray Westlake Military Books
| location = Newport
| isbn = 1-871167-23-X
}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.warpath.orbat.com/indian_divs/8_ind_div.htm |title=8th (Lucknow) Division on ''The Regimental Warpath 1914 - 1918'' by PB Chappell |access-date=2015-07-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517123918/http://www.warpath.orbat.com/indian_divs/8_ind_div.htm |archive-date=17 May 2008 |df=dmy }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.warpath.orbat.com/indian_cav/1_ind_cav_div.htm |title=1st Indian Cavalry Division on ''The Regimental Warpath 1914 - 1918'' by PB Chappell |access-date=2008-05-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517085204/http://www.warpath.orbat.com/indian_cav/1_ind_cav_div.htm |archive-date=17 May 2008 |df=dmy }}
* {{cite web | url=http://www.1914-1918.net/1cavdiv_indian.htm | title=The 1st Indian Cavalry Division in 1914-1918 | last=Baker | first=Chris | publisher=The Long Long Trail | access-date=19 July 2015 }}

[[Category:Brigades of India in World War I|C08]]
[[Category:Cavalry brigades of the British Indian Army]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1911]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1918]]

8th Lucknow Cavalry Brigade - Revision history

Bot at 15:17, 16 January 2021