>Johnpacklambert at 19:28, 25 October 2021

2021-10-25T19:28:17Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
'''A. B. Shah''' (1920-1981) was the founder-president of the Indian Secular Society. The organization had its headquarters in Pune in Shah’s lifetime but has now shifted to [[Mumbai]]. Until his death, A. B. Shah was the editor of ''The Secularist'', a journal published by the [[Indian Secular Society]] (ISS). He also the edited the ''New Quest'' published by the [[Indian Association for Cultural Freedom]]. Shah took much interest in the problems of Indian [[Muslims]]. Shah's writings include ''What Ails our Muslims?'' and ''Religion and Society in India''. Shah also edited [[Jayaprakash Narayan]]'s ''Prison Diary'', written by the prominent Indian leader in jail during the [[Emergency of 1975]].
Professor Shah was a mathematician and a scholar, who became interested in comparative religion and social reform, leading to founding Indian Secular Society.

== Biography ==

A. B. Shah was born in 1920 in a Digambar [[Jain]] family in [[Gujarat]]. As a result, he was an [[atheist]] even in his childhood. However, till the age of seventeen he was to some extent a practising Jain. [[Ernst Haeckel]]'s ''The Riddle of the Universe'' and Hyman Levy's ''The Universe of Science'' convinced Shah that not only [[God]] but even [[Soul (spirit)|soul]] did not exist. [[Jainism]] believes in the existence of soul. Shah was also influenced by M. N. Roy. [[Hamid Dalwai]], the author of ''Muslim Politics in India'' was a friend of A. B. Shah. Shah started taking interest in Islam only after meeting Dalwai. Dalwai co-operated with Shah in founding Indian Secular Society and [[Muslim Satyashodhak Mandal]]. In 1973 Shah was one of the signers of the [[Humanist Manifesto II|Humanist Manifesto]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanhumanist.org/Humanism/Humanist_Manifesto_II |title=Humanist Manifesto II |publisher=American Humanist Association |accessdate=9 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020110719/http://www.americanhumanist.org/humanism/Humanist_Manifesto_II |archivedate=20 October 2012 }}</ref> He was the Director of the Institute for the Study on Indian Traditions in [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]] at the time of his death in 1981.

== Indian Secular Society ==

The Indian Secular Society is a non-political organisation, which works for promoting secular human values in Indian Society. Shah has paid much attention to [[Islam]] and to the problems of Indian Muslims in his works. Hamid Dalwai played an important role in the formation of the organization. The foundation-conference of ISS was presided by Prof. [[G.D. Parikh]], who was an associate of [[M. N. Roy]], a prominent Indian humanist of Twentieth Century.
As elaborated by A.B. Shah himself, the Indian Secular Society works mainly at the level of ideas and communication. It has tried to document and discuss secularist and obscurantist trends in Indian society. Shah was also opposed to [[Hindu]] [[communalism]]. The ISS stands for the spirit of the Indian Constitution and the United Nations Charter of Human Rights. The organisation has published several books and booklets in English including those written by Shah himself.

== Muslim Satyashodhak Mandal ==

In 1970, Hamid Dalwai and A.B. Shah, founded Muslim Satyashodhak Mandal in co-operation with the Indian Secular Society. This organisation provided a forum for secular Muslims for reforming and modernising Muslims in India. Dalwai was opposed to the notion that religion could help in encouraging modernisation and secularism. He considered "religious reformation" as an anachronistic concept. He wanted religion to be confined to its "proper sphere", that is, the personal relationship between the individual and his God. According to Dalwai, trying to justify social reform in the name of religion was counterproductive and would only strengthen those who were in a position to claim traditional authority to interpret the scriptures. Hence, Dalwai was in favour of making a clear distinction between religious revivalism camouflaged as a reform movement, and a renaissance based on reason and knowledge.
Both Shah and Dalwai faced threats from conservative Hindus and Muslims for the reform-work they were doing.

== Some publications of the Indian Secular Society ==

A. B. Shah, ''Religion and Society in India''

A. B. Shah, ''What Ails Our Muslims?''

Narsingh Narain, ''A Commonsense Humanism and other Essays''

V. K. Sinha (ed.), ''The Reason Case''

Jawaharlal Nehru, ''What is Religion?''

Bertrand Russell, ''Why I am not a Christian''

A. Solomon, ''Rationalism and the Humanist Outlook''

Paul Kurtz (ed.), ''A Secular Humanist Declaration''

Finngeir Hiorth, ''Introduction to Humanism''

Finngeir Hiorth, ''Atheism in India''

Finngeir Hiorth, ''Introduction to Atheism''

Finngeir Hiorth, ''Ethics for Atheists''

== Books by A. B. Shah ==

''Scientific Method'' (Bombay: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,1964)

''Religion and Society in India'' (Pune: Indian Secular Society, 1981)

''What Ails our Muslims?'' (Pune: Indian Secular Society, 1981)

''Challenges to Secularism Planning for Democracy and Other Essays''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
Hiorth Finngier. Introduction to Humanism (Pune: Indian Secular Society, 1996)

Sinha V. K. "Indian Secular Society: The Founding Years 1968-1972" in The Secularist, no. 145, January–February, 1994)

[https://web.archive.org/web/20080125105233/http://www.buddhiwadi.org/Shah.htm "A. B. Shah" in ''Rationalism, Humanism and Atheism in Twentieth Century Indian Thought''] by Dr. Ramendra

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[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian sceptics]]
[[Category:Indian atheism activists]]
[[Category:Indian secularists]]
[[Category:Activists from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian religious writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Gujarat]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]

A. B. Shah - Revision history

>Johnpacklambert at 19:28, 25 October 2021