->Chris the speller at 18:31, 22 December 2021

2021-12-22T18:31:39Z

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{{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = A. Nesamony
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| imagesize =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1895|06|12}}
| birth_place = Nesarpuram, [[Palliyadi]], [[Vilavancode]] Taluk, [[Southern Travancore]], [[Travancore]]
| order1 = Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) for [[Nagercoil (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagercoil]]
| term_start1 = 1952
| term_end1 = 1957
| term_start2 = 1962
| term_end2 = 1968
| monarch1 =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1968|06|01|1895|06|12|df=y}}
| death_place =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| party = Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress (TTNC) and [[Indian National Congress]]
| education = B.A., B.L.
| alma_mater =
| profession = [[Politician]], Lawyer
| spouse = Caroline
}}

'''A. Nesamony''', sometimes known as '''Marshal Nesamony''', was a political leader from [[Kanyakumari district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], India. He was the second son of Kesavan Appavu Nadar,<ref>Joy Gnanadason,`A Forgotten History`,1994, Gurukul L.T. College and Research Institute, Chennai, page:151</ref> born on 12 June 1895 at Nesarpuram, [[Palliyadi]]<ref>Janab A.Abdul Razak,(Ex-M.P.)`Nesamony - A Turning-point in History`2009, Nagercoil, page:1.</ref> in [[Vilavancode]] Taluk, Kanyakumari district. He graduated from Maharaja's College in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], and studied at law college in Thiruvananthapuram. He began practising in 1921. He was among those involved with the merger of four Taluks from [[Southern Travancore]] to [[Tamil Nadu]]. Marshal Nesamony is affectionately called as ''Kumari Thanthai'' (Father of Kanyakumari district). [[B. Jeyamohan]] has written a short story - [http://www.jeyamohan.in/12218#.WlRGUWhX62d வணங்கான்] inspired from his life.

==Early life==
He was educated at Scott Christian High School and then at C.M.S. College in [[Tirunelveli]]. While studying at C.M.S. College, he was elected as students' leader, which provided him with an opportunity to attend the Congress Conference{{Vague|date=June 2011}} at Calcutta. Influenced by Mahatma Gandhi at that time, he chose to wear only [[Khadi]] cotton dresses throughout his life. He graduated with a BA degree from Maharaja's College, [[Trivandrum]], after which he began teaching, spending a year at Kurnool Bishop Heeber High school. He later became headmaster at Salvation Army Middle School in Trivandrum. Simultaneously he pursued his law studies at [[Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram]]. He married in M.Caroline on September 1, 1914<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/901.htm|title = Members Bioprofile}}</ref> He had one son and six daughters. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/901.htm|title = Members Bioprofile}}</ref>

==Legal practice==
Nesamony registered as a lawyer at Nagercoil Sessions Court in 1921.<ref name="Peterp45-46"/> He became a criminal lawyer<ref name="Peterp45-46">{{cite book |last1=Peter |first1=D. |last2=Peter |first2=Ivy |title=Liberation oh the oppressed: a continuous struggle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3sv4eStOv9QC |publisher=Kanyakumari Institute of Development Studies |location=Nagercoil |year=2009 |pages=45–46}}</ref> at Nagercoil Bar. He was elected as the president of Nagercoil Lawyers' Association in 1943.<ref name="Peterp45-46"/> In the same year he was also elected as the chairman of Nagercoil Municipal Council. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nmcc.ac.in/Nesamony.aspx|title=Marshal Nesamony}}</ref> Shri Nesamony is a distinguished lawyer. <ref>https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/55796 /1/lsd_01_11_14-12-1955.pdf page 104</ref> As he was a reputed lawyer, many young advocates irrespective of caste or religion wished to become his juniors. They gained much from him and later contributed to society as lawyers and politicians. A few among them were Chidambaranathan Nadar, Ponnappan Nadar, Gopalakrishnan, Fakrudeen Adam, and Razak. The TTNC president Sam Nathaniel was also his junior.

==Public life==
* 1941-1942 Advocate; Member, Travancore Bar Council <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/901.htm|title = Members Bioprofile}}</ref>
* Senate, Travancore University <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/901.htm|title = Members Bioprofile}}</ref>
* 1943-1947: Chairman of [[Nagercoil]] Municipality <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nmcc.ac.in/Nesamony.aspx|title = Marshal Nesamony}}</ref>
* 1943 President, Nagercoil Bar Association
* 1945-1947: Member of Travancore Legislative (Thirumoolam) Assembly and nominated member to the Senate of the Travancore University <ref>http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>
* 1948- 1952: Member of Travancore - Cochin Legislative Assembly <ref>http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>
* October 1947: Launched TTNC as a political party
* 1943-1947 Member Travancore Legislative Assembly <ref>http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>
* 1948-1952: Member of [[Travancore]]-[[Cochin]] Constituent Assembly & leader of TTNC parliamentary party in assembly
* 1952-1957: President of Travancore, Tamilnadu Congress Party
* 1952-1957: Member of Parliament, Nagercoil Constituency
* 1957-1959: President, District Congress Committee,
* 1957-1962: Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly <ref>http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>
* 1962-1968: Member of Parliament, Nagercoil Constituency

==Role in Diocese==
*1933 - 1947 : Secretary, Travancore & Mission Church Councils <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nmcc.ac.in/Nesamony.aspx|title = Marshal Nesamony}}</ref>
*1934 - 1942 : South District Pastorate Council<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nmcc.ac.in/Nesamony.aspx|title = Marshal Nesamony}}</ref>
*1947 - 1960 : Vice President - South Travancore Diocesan Council, C.S.I<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nmcc.ac.in/Nesamony.aspx|title = Marshal Nesamony}}</ref>
*1960 - 1968 : Vice President - Kanyakumari Diocesan Council, C.S.I<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nmcc.ac.in/Nesamony.aspx|title = Marshal Nesamony}}</ref>

==Political career==
He was a [[Parliament of India|Member of Parliament]] elected from [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Nagercoil (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagercoil constituency]] as an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate in [[Indian general election in Tamil Nadu, 1951|1951]], [[Indian general election in Tamil Nadu, 1962|1962]] and [[Indian general election in Tamil Nadu, 1967|1967]] elections.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF Volume I, 1951 Indian general election, 1st Lok Sabha] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404203355/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |date=4 April 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf |title=Volume I, 1962 Indian general election, 3rd Lok Sabha |access-date=7 July 2010 |archive-date=18 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185518/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf Volume I, 1967 Indian general election, 4th Lok Sabha] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf |date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>

He was also a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]]. He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] as an Indian National Congress candidate from [[Killiyur (State Assembly Constituency)|Killiyur constituency]] in [[1957 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1957 election]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |title=1957 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India |access-date=7 July 2010 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122651/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Kanyakumari district merger with Tamil Nadu==

===Background===
Feudalism prevailed in the erstwhile state of [[Travancore]]. The [[jenmi]] system protected the socioeconomic and political status of the upper castes only, while the lower castes were exploited in many ways.<ref>Nagam Aiya, `Travancore State Manual`, Vol.III, Page:116, Reprint 1989</ref> Events such as the [[Upper cloth controversy|Upper Cloth Controversy]] and the [[Temple Entry Proclamation]] were reactions to this.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}

===Events===

A consequence of the social oppression and political repression was an ongoing campaign for recognition by the affected groups during the later nineteenth- and early twentieth-centuries. This was evidenced by, for example. the creation of the [[Nair Service Society]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Communism in Kerala: a study in political adaptation |first=Thomas Johnson |last=Nossiter |publisher=University of California Press |year=1982 |pages=28–29 |chapter=Kerala's identity: unity and diversity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CSQUxVjjWQC |isbn=978-0-520-04667-2 |authorlink=Thomas Nossiter |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The Internal Structure of the Nayar Caste |first=C. J. |last=Fuller |journal=Journal of Anthropological Research |volume=31 |issue=4 |date=Winter 1975 |pages=303–304 |doi=10.1086/jar.31.4.3629883 |jstor=3629883 |s2cid=163592798 |ref=Fuller1975}}{{subscription required}}</ref> and the [[SNDP]].<ref name="SchneiderGoughp304">{{cite book |title=Matrilineal Kinship |editor1-first=David Murray |editor1-last=Schneider |editor2-first=E. Kathleen |editor2-last=Gough |chapter=Nayars: Central Kerala |first=E. Kathleen |last=Gough |page=304 |year=1961 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-02529-5 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lfdvTbfilYAC&pg=PA304}}</ref>

The agitation intensified after [[Partition of India|Indian independence]]. A campaign was launched under the auspices of a political movement called the Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress (TTNC), to fight against the social ills that existed in the former state of Travancore. The TTNC later converted into a political party in order to contest elections. Suffered imprisonment at the hands of the P.S.P Government of the TC State during the agitation for the Merger of Travancore Tamil Area with the Madras State <ref>http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref> It culminated in the formation of Kanyakumari district and its subsequent merger with Tamil Nadu on 1 November 1956 during the [[States Reorganisation Act|linguistic reorganisation of states]].<ref>{{cite news | title = Birth anniversary of Nesamony | date = 15 June 2006| work = [[The Hindu]] | url = http://www.thehindu.com/2006/06/15/stories/2006061506130400.htm}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title =Marshal Nesamony remembered | date = 2 November 2006| url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/02/stories/2006110204050300.htm| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080323063722/http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/02/stories/2006110204050300.htm| url-status = dead| work =[[The Hindu]] | archive-date = 23 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title =Contingency plan for biomedical waste management | date = 13 June 2004| url = http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/13/stories/2004061306030100.htm| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040817112451/http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/13/stories/2004061306030100.htm| url-status = dead| work =[[The Hindu]] | archive-date = 17 August 2004}}</ref>

Immediately thereafter, the TTNC merged with the [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>Joy Gnanadason, 'A Forgotten History',1994, Gurukul L.T.College and Research Institute, Chennai-10. Page;149.</ref> and became fully integrated with the national mainstream.
Shri Nesamany worked for the return of Kanyakumari to Tamil Nadu. He was known as a great champion, of the Tamil language and Tamilians.
He was a good public worker.

*Founder, Nagercoil Municipal Destitute Home <ref> http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>
*Chairman, Municipal Council Nagercoil <ref> http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>
*Member T.C Town And Country Planning Association <ref> http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>
*President Nagercoil Bar Association <ref> http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>
*Member T.C Tuberculosis Association <ref> http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>
*President Village Uplift Committee Nattalam- Vilavancode <ref> http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>
*Member Medical Board College council and the Education Board of the South Travancore Diocesan Council <ref> http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>
*Convener degree College Committee Nagercoil <ref> http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>

==Publications==
*Inside Travancore, Tamil Nadu <ref> http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>
*Rule of Steel and Fire in Travancore Cochin <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/901.htm|title=Members Bioprofile}}</ref>
*Printed and Published Tamil Weekly " Thingal" <ref> http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>

==Recreation and Hobby==
*Tennis and cards-play <ref> http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf Page 43</ref>
*Cinema <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/901.htm|title=Members Bioprofile}}</ref>
*Gardening and reading <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/901.htm|title=Members Bioprofile}}</ref>

==Special interest==
*Study of Law

==Death and legacy==

Nesamony died on 1 June 1968<ref>Janab A.Abdul Razak,`Nesamony - A Turning-point in History`,2009, Nagercoil. Page:413.</ref> while serving as a member in the [[Lok Sabha]]. This caused a by-election in his [[Nagercoil (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagercoil]] constituency in 1969, which was won by Kamaraj.<ref>{{Cite book| last=P. Kandaswamy| title=The political career of K. Kamraj| publisher=Concept Publishing Company| location=New Delhi| pages=122–124| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bOjT3qffnMkC&q=1967+tamil+nadu+elections+rice&pg=PA118}}</ref>

Shri Nesamony, who had been a Member of this House, has been a relentless fighter and a doughty champion of the rights of minorities
and the establishment of those riihu. He has been considered as a deliverer by the people of Kanyakumari District The affectionate and loyal people of Kanyakumari District called him as 'Raja Nesamony': He has been held in high esteem for his sincerity, Impeccable honesty and integrity. He was a man who fought heroically and saw the realisation of the rosy dream of the people of Kanyakumari District namely, the merger of Kanyakumari District with Tamil Nad. In order to achieve his goal, he had to fight with his political bosses and though ultimately they might claim that they had succeeded, the fact remains that he had conquered every thing he wanted. Till his death, his spirit was undying and he was clear in his concept. Till his death, nobody could touch him, nobody could shake him. I am glad to note that his bosses realised this fact. Whenever Shri Nesamony fought against forces, terrible and with alarming dimensions, he used to
say, let the trail sparrow hurt itself against the eagle. <ref> https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2416/1/lsd_04_05_22-07-1968.pdf Page 6</ref>

There have been various tributes paid to his memory since that time. These include:
*the establishment of [[Nesamony Memorial Christian College]] at [[Marthandam]]
*the erection of a statue near Anna bus-stand in the heart of Nagercoil, together with a memorial building
*the creation of a satellite township called [[Nesamony Nagar]] on the outskirts of Nagercoil, where the headquarters of the former Nesamony Transport Corporation (a Tamil Nadu government undertaking) existed
*the naming of the bridge built across the [[Kuzhithurai]] river as ''Nesamony Paalam''
*his birthplace in Palliyadi was named Nesarpuram.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}}
*a park near [[Thingalnagar]]-Monday Market Bus-stand in Kanyakumari district was named '' Nesamony Poonga''
* The central government published commemorative postal envelopes in recognition of the centenary of his birth in 1995. <ref>https://www.indianstampghar.com/2014/04/special-covers-golden-jubilee-nesamony-christian-college-marthandam-birth-centenary-marshal-nesamony-by-india-post/</ref>
*Tamil Nadu government opened a memorial on 27 February 2014 at [[Nagercoil]]<ref>{{cite news |title =Jayalalithaa declares open Nesamony memorial |work=The Hindu |date=28 February 2014| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/jayalalithaa-declares-open-nesamony-memorial/article5735613.ece}}</ref>

===External links===
Lok Sabha Discussion on Marshal Nesamony
* https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/56213/1/lsd_01_12_14-05-1956.pdf page 101 Travancore - Cochin Budget
* https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/55796/1/lsd_01_11_14-12-1955.pdf page 104 Kanniyakumari District
* https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/55799/1/lsd_01_11_15-12-1955.pdf page 43 Kanniyakumari District
* https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/55877/1/lsd_01_13_01-08-1956.pdf Page 146 Sengottai Taluk
* https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/55898/1/lsd_01_13_06-08-1956.pdf Page 97 & 117 States Reorganisation Bill
* https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/55963/1/lsd_01_13_26-07-1956.pdf page 113 Sengottai Taluk

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nesamony, A}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1968 deaths]]
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1st Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:3rd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:4th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Kanyakumari district]]

A. Nesamony - Revision history

->Chris the speller at 18:31, 22 December 2021