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{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = A
| image = A (1998 Kannada film).jpg
| alt = 
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]]
| producer = {{plainlist|
* B. Jagannath
* B. G. Manjunath
}}
| writer = Upendra
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Upendra
* [[Chandini S. Sasha|Chandini]]
* [[Archana (Kannada actress)|Archana]]
}}
| music = [[Gurukiran]]
| cinematography = [[H. C. Venugopal]]
| editing = T. Shashikumar
| studio = Uppi Entertainers
| distributor = Yash Raj
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1998|02|12|}}
| runtime = 148 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = ₹1.25 crore<ref name="indiaglitz1" />
| gross = ₹12—20 crore<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/english/stock_shots/upendra.html|title=Chitraloka.com|website=www.chitraloka.com}}</ref><ref name="indiaglitz1" />
}}

'''''A''''' is a 1998 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romance film|romantic]] [[Psychological fiction|psychological thriller film]] written and directed by [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]]. It stars Upendra and [[Chandini S. Sasha|Chandini]], both making their acting debuts.<ref>'A' is the first evee movie to have a reverse screenplay in India. 'A' is a cult classic hit.[http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1999/dec/11chand.htm Article about the plot of A, and an interview with Chandni, the heroine]. Rediff.com (11 December 1999). Retrieved on 2015-08-18.</ref> The film revolves around a love story between a film director and an actress which is narrated through multiple [[Flashback (narrative)#Film|flashbacks within flashbacks]] and [[Reverse chronology|reverse screenplay]]. It also explores dark truths like [[casting couch]] in the film industry. The soundtrack and background score were handled by [[Gurukiran]] in his debut film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Upendra – Stock Shots |url=http://www.chitraloka.com/english/stock_shots/upendra.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000824054620/http://www.chitraloka.com/english/stock_shots/upendra.html |archive-date=2000-08-24 |access-date= |website=chitraloka.com}}</ref>

The opening sequence of the film where a misanthropic man who is exhilarated by the sense of power he receives by carrying a revolver while walking on the streets was reported to be based on [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]'s short story ''Erostratus'' <ref>{{cite web | title=This Day, That Year: Upendra's debut as hero, the cult classic 'A' turns 24 | work=The Times of India | date=23 January 2022 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/this-day-that-year-upendras-debut-as-hero-the-cult-classic-a-turns-24/articleshow/89072088.cms }}</ref> included in his 1939 collection of short stories ''[[The Wall (Sartre short story collection)|The Wall]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/uppi2/articleshow/48486523.cms?|title = Film Review: Uppi2}}</ref>

''A'' was released on 12 February 1998 and received praise for Upendra and Chandini's performances, soundtrack, cinematography, and reverse screenplay, which made the audience watch it multiple times to understand the story. The film collected more than {{INR}}20 crores at the box office and gained a [[cult following]].<ref name="indiaglitz1">[https://www.indiaglitz.com/a-sequel-to-a--kannada-news-58693 A sequel to A – Kannada Movie News]. Indiaglitz.com (19 July 2010). Retrieved on 2015-08-18.</ref> The film was dubbed into [[Telugu language|Telugu]] under the same title and was released in Andhra Pradesh. It was remade in Tamil as ''[[Adavadi]]''.<ref>[https://archive.today/20071019223234/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/tamil/reviews/adavadi-review-200407.html Adavadi – Review]. Entertainment.oneindia.in. Retrieved on 18 August 2015.</ref> Upendra won the [[Udaya Film Awards|Udaya Film Award for Best Male Actor (1998)]] and Gurukiran won the [[Udaya Film Awards|Udaya Film Award for Best Music Director (1998)]].

==Plot==
Marina, a foreigner, wants to distribute the unreleased [[Controversy|controversial]] [[film]] ''A,'' written and directed by Surya. However, the [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]] permits only 20 random minutes to be screened, and the climax is censored to such an extent that it no longer makes any sense. She suggests that the producers re-shoot the film. However, Surya is unable to participate in the film's shoot as he has become a drunkard after actress Chandini, who debuted with his film, rejected his love. Surya's family is unable to meet their ends after he stops directing films. Lost in his thoughts, he wanders near her house every night drunk, only to be expelled by her henchmen.

Unable to bear Surya's torture, Chandini asks him to jump from a building to prove his love. Surya jumps without hesitation. While he survives the fall, he is badly wounded and admitted to the hospital by Marina and the team. One of Surya's former assistant directors explains Surya's past to Marina. Surya was a successful director who had no feelings, especially for a woman's love. After his current female lead fails to act properly, he casts Chandini after a chain of events. Initially, Surya rejects Chandini's love, but after frequent run-ins and days of pursuit, Surya falls in love with her madly. Surya later meets a rich and busy Chandini, who lives in a big bungalow and is now the mistress of a wealthy married businessman.

Chandini defends herself, saying that Surya's views on the materialistic world influenced her to prioritize money over everything else after her father's death. He tries to explain to her that she is wrong, but is expelled. Due to this, Surya gave up everything and became an alcoholic, wandering near her house every day, hoping that she would accept him. Surya escapes from the hospital and is confronted by Marina, to whom Surya explains his love for Chandini. He then saves a novice actress named Archana from a group of henchmen who are revealed to be working for Chandini. Archana reveals Chandini was used as bait by the politicians to trap Surya and stop his ''A'' from releasing.

In turn, Chandini exploited the weakness of those politicians through the [[casting couch]]. She proves this to Surya, who, along with his father and Archana, is arrested on charges of prostitution. The police were bribed by Chandini, who abducts Archana while Surya and his father are arrested. Surya and his father are released on bail by Marina, and his family's plight makes Surya swear revenge. He restarts the shoot of ''A'' and turns out to be a superstar due to the film's anticipated success. The climax shoot is pending, and Surya wants to shoot it realistically, which includes the death of Chandini in a burning house.

The camera rolls and Surya kidnaps Chandini from her hen house where women are prostituted to influential politicians and people in business, where she kills the businessman she was engaged to. He brings her to the location and sets it on fire after rolling the camera. She knocks him out, and he falls unconscious after hitting a rock. Archana, Marina, and the producers come to the spot to save him. Archana shows him the film footage that was shot after revealing that Chandini is a good woman who wanted to bring Surya back to normal by acting as a ruthless criminal who is destroying many actresses' lives like Archana. The footage shows a naked Chandini dying and revealing the truth.

Chandini says that the businessman was the friend of a few corrupt politicians who wanted to have sex with her. They killed her father and sexually assaulted her and her minor sister. The businessman had blackmailed Chandini with a tape that captured the brutal assault. As per their directions, she had to cheat on Surya. However, Chandini brings Surya back to normal with the help of Archana and gives ''A'' a perfect ending. Surya tries to save her by entering the house, but she dies, asking him to live long and make films that expose the demons that haunt society.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]] as Surya
* [[Chandini S. Sasha|Chandini]] as Chandini
* [[Archana (Kannada actress)|Archana]] as herself
* Marina as Marina
* Kote Prabhakar as film producer
* [[Vaijanath Biradar|Biradar]]
* [[Malathi]]
* [[Suchitra]] as Surya's sister
* Saroja Srishailan as Surya's mother
* [[Michael Madhu]] as Michael
* Mandapanda Aiyappa as Teja, a businessman
* Tumkur Mohan
* Suresh Babu
* [[Gurukiran]] as Actor
* Shankar Bhat
* Sriraj Kothari
* Balu Murugaraj
* M. V. Joshi
* Raghunath
* [[Roopa Iyer]]
* Bhushan Geechi
* Narendra Babu
* [[R. G. Vijayasarathy]]
* Damu
* Puttaraju
}}

==Production==

=== Development ===
[[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]] along with B. G. Manjunath, B. Jagannath, and B. V. Ramakrishna — founded the film production company, Uppi Entertainers, in October 1996, with an equal partnership. After Kannada film distributors refused to purchase the distribution rights for ''A'' following the producers themselves not being confident of the film doing well, it was purchased by a newcomer, Yash Raj.<ref name="toi">{{cite news|last1=Prasad S.|first1=Shyam|title=Why is A haunting Upendra 20 years later?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Why-is-A-haunting-Upendra-20-years-later/articleshow/54025864.cms|access-date=22 September 2016|work=The Times of India|date=6 September 2016}}</ref> Speaking about the film's title prior to a theatrical re-release in 2024, Upendra said: "The title ''A'' just came to me. It was my first film as a hero, and the content led us to choose the title. We thought the film would be certified 'A' by the censor board, which would mean that the film is for adults. But to me, ''A'' was for a mature audience. We also came up with the tagline 'Only for intelligent people'."<ref>{{cite web |title=Upendra: I'm curious to see how today's generation will receive a film like A |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/May/14/upendra-im-curious-to-see-how-todays-generation-will-receive-a-film-like-a |website=Cinema Express |access-date=14 May 2024 |language=en |date=14 May 2024}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
The film marked the acting debut of [[Chandini S. Sasha]] in Kannada cinema. Her pictures taken from an American beauty contest found their way into the hands of one of Upendra's managers. Upendra saw those photographs and insisted on casting her for the film despite the travel costs of bringing her from New York.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-01-07 |title=Chandini Ssasha, the runaway star |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/chandini-the-runaway-star/articleshow/45788733.cms |access-date=2024-12-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = A
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Gurukiran]]
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released = 3 February 1998
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 24:01
| label = Lahiri Music
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title = [[Upendra (film)|Upendra]]
| next_year = 1999
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|wS3Pn5dpj2M|A – Jukebox}}}}
}}

[[Gurukiran]] composed the music for the film and the soundtracks which marked his debut. The album has five soundtracks.<ref>{{cite web |title= A (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP |url= https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/original-motion-picture-soundtrack/id603029275 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140908010147/https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/original-motion-picture-soundtrack/id603029275 |url-status= dead |archive-date= 8 September 2014 |publisher= iTunes |access-date= 21 August 2014}}</ref> The daughter-in-law of Kannada poet G.P. Rajarathnam alleged that a song by the late poet, "Helkollakondooru thalemyagondhsooru," for which she held the copyright, had been used by Upendra in the film without her consent.<ref name = hi/>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 24:01
| title1 = Sum Sumne
| lyrics1 = [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]]
| extra1 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| length1 = 4:54
| title2 = Chandini
| lyrics2 = Murali Mohan
| extra2 = [[L. N. Shastry]], Prathima Rao
| length2 = 5:03
| title3 = Helkollakonduru
| lyrics3 = [[G. P. Rajarathnam]]
| extra3 = L. N. Shastry
| length3 = 5:08
| title4 = Idhu One Day Match
| lyrics4 = Murali Mohan
| extra4 = L. N. Shastry, Upendra
| length4 = 6:34
| title5 = Maari Kannu
| lyrics5 = Upendra
| extra5 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length5 = 4:22
}}

==Release==

The film was given a "U" (Universal) certification from the CBFC.

===Box-office response===
''A'' was made at {{INR}}1.25 crore and collected more than {{INR}}20 crore at the box office.<ref name="indiaglitz1"/> The film ran for 25 weeks in [[Karnataka]] and its Telugu version ran for 100 days in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://i1303.photobucket.com/albums/ag150/SCG12/1A175days_zps1940f7f7.jpg|title=175 days or 25 weeks shield of A}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.andhraonline.com/archives/tollywood/star38.htm|title=The year gone by 'Twas good for some and bad for most|work=Andhra Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990428055419/http://www.andhraonline.com/archives/tollywood/star38.htm|archive-date=28 April 1999}}</ref>

===Critical reception===
It was described by a reviewer as "loud and disjointed, like the ramblings of a delirious mind, but made a lot of sense".<ref name=uppity>Kumar, S. Shiva (11 November 2005) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060918085411/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/11/11/stories/2005111104250100.htm Uppi's hardly uppity], [[The Hindu]]</ref> Its design received some praise.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120708184451/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/top-stories/2008/nagabhushan-nanna-olavina-banna-150408.html Bhushan Geechi to direct]. Entertainment.oneindia.in. Retrieved on 18 August 2015.</ref> The dialogues provoked controversy, due to their misogynistic and philosophical nature.<ref name=uppity/> They also contained autobiographical elements.<ref name = hi>Subramanya, K.V. (24 July 2006) [http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/triggering-off-a-controversy-once-again/article3109566.ece Triggering off a controversy once again], ''[[The Hindu]]''</ref>

===Influences===

In an interview given to the ''[[Times of India]]'' on 24 May 2020, Malayalam director [[Lijo Jose Pellissery]] who is famous for [[Nonlinear narrative|nonlinear storylines]] and [[Violence in art|aestheticization of violence]] picked this movie as one of the five Indian movies which have managed to influence him at different levels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.timesgroup.com/TOI/TimesOfIndia/index.html?a=c#|title = Times of India}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Udaya Film Awards|Udaya Film Award for Best Male Actor]] – [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]]
* [[Udaya Film Awards|Udaya Film Award for Best Music Director]] – [[Gurukiran]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Sound Recording]] – Murali Rayasam
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Editor]] – T. Shashikumar

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|3178292|A}}

{{Upendra}}

[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:1998 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1998 Indian films]]
[[Category:1998 psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about filmmaking]]
[[Category:Films scored by Gurukiran]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Upendra]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]

A 1998 Indian film - Revision history

Republic Bangla at 02:40, 5 March 2026