imported>Yinweiaiqing at 22:11, 16 May 2021

2021-05-16T22:11:30Z

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
'''Abd-al-Razzāq Samarqandī''' ({{lang-fa|کمال‌الدین عبدالرزاق بن اسحاق سمرقندی}}, ''Kamal-ud-Din Abd-ur-Razzaq ibn Ishaq Samarqandi'';{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} 1413–1482) was a [[Persian people|Persian]]<ref name="Donzel1994">{{cite book|last1=Donzel|first1=E. J. van|title=Islamic Desk Reference|date=1 January 1994|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-09738-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicdeskrefer00donz_0/page/10 10]|quote=Abd al-Razzaq al-Samarqandi: Persian historian; 1413-1482. He served several Timurid rulers in Samarqand and left a historical work which is an important source of information.|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/islamicdeskrefer00donz_0/page/10}}</ref> Timurid [[chronicler]] and Islamic scholar. He was for a while the ambassador of [[Shah Rukh (Timurid dynasty)|Shah Rukh]], the [[Timurid dynasty]] ruler of [[Persia]]. In his role as ambassador he visited [[Kozhikode]] in western India in the early 1440s. He wrote a narrative of what he saw in Calicut which is valuable as information on Calicut's society and culture. He is also the producer of a lengthy narrative or chronicle of the history of the Timurid dynasty and its predecessors in Central Asia, but this is not so valuable because it is mostly a compilation of material from earlier written sources that are mostly available from elsewhere in the earlier form.<ref>{{cite book|last=Elliot|first=H. M. (Henry Miers), Sir|author2=John Dowson|title=The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period|volume=4|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924073036745#page/n101/mode/1up|year=1871|chapter=Matla'u-s Sa'dain, of Abdur Razzaq| publisher=London : Trübner & Co.}}</ref>

==Early life==
Abd-al-Razzāq was born in [[Herat]] on 7 November 1413. His father Jalal-ud-Din Ishaq was the [[qazi]] and [[imam]] of the Shah Rukh's court in Herat. He studied with his father and his elder brother Sharif-ud-Din Abdur Qahhar and together with them obtained an [[ijazah]] (license) from Shams-ud-Din Mohammad Jazari in 1429. After the death of his father in 1437, he was appointed the qazi of the Shah Rukh's court. {{citation needed|date=April 2016}}

==Travel and writing==
Abd-al-Razzāq was the ambassador of [[Shah Rukh (Timurid dynasty)|Shah Rukh]], the [[Timurid dynasty]] ruler of [[Persia]] to [[Kozhikode]], [[India]], from January 1442 to January 1445. He wrote a 45-page narrative of this mission to India. It appears as a chapter in his book ''Matla-us-Sadain wa Majma-ul-Bahrain'' (مطلع السعدين ومجمع البحرين) (The Rise of the Two auspicious constellations and the Confluence of the Two Oceans), a book of about 450 pages which contains a detailed chronicle of the history of his part of the world from 1304 to 1470 and which takes much of its contents from other writings.<ref name=cathay>{{citation
|title= A History of Cathay: a translation and linguistic analysis of a fifteenth-century Turkic manuscript |first= Ildikó |last= Bellér-Hann |publisher= Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies|year= 1995|place= Bloomington |isbn=0-933070-37-3|page=11}}</ref>

Abd-al-Razzāq's narrative of his visit to India includes describing the life and events in Calicut under the Zamorin and also of the [[Ancient City of Vijayanagara]] at [[Hampi]], describing their wealth and immense grandeur.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Alam|first1=Muzaffar|last2=Sanjay|first2=Subrahmanyam|title=Indo-Persian Travels in the Age of Discoveries, 1400–1800|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yz99c6E_g0cC&pg=PA54 |year=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-78041-4|pages=54–67}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/01/stories/2006110108470400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001004707/http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/01/stories/2006110108470400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-10-01|title= Recalling the grandeur of Hampi|accessdate=2007-01-10|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2006-11-01}}</ref> He also left accounts of the shipping trade in the [[Indian Ocean]] during the 15th century.

Abd-al-Razzāq's ''Matla-us-Sadain wa Majma-ul-Bahrain'' also included a detailed account of diplomatic relations between Shah Rukh's state and [[Ming Dynasty|Ming China]].

In particular, it incorporated the first-hand account the mission Shah Rukh sent to [[Beijing]] in 1420–1422, written by its participant [[Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh]].<ref name=cathay/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* At Encyclopædia Iranica: [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abd-al-razzaq-samarqandi-historian-and-scholar-1413-82 ʿAbd-al-Razzāq Samarqandī, historian and scholar (1413-82)]
* Abd al-Razzaq Samarqandi, [https://archive.org/stream/indiainfifteenth00majo#page/n106/mode/1up ''Narrative of my voyage into Hindoostan, and the wonders and remarkable peculiarities which this country presents''], written in Persian during and after the 1442 - 1445 voyage, English translation year 1857.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abd-al-Razzaq Samarqandi}}
[[Category:Medieval Islamic travel writers]]
[[Category:1413 births]]
[[Category:1482 deaths]]
[[Category:Historiography of India]]
[[Category:History of Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Herat]]
[[Category:People from Samarkand]]
[[Category:15th-century Iranian people]]
[[Category:Medieval Persian writers]]
[[Category:Medieval Persian geographers]]
[[Category:Historians of the Timurid Empire]]
[[Category:Explorers of India]]
[[Category:15th-century travelers]]

Abd al-Razzaq Samarqandi - Revision history

imported>Yinweiaiqing at 22:11, 16 May 2021