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{{Short description|Yemeni politician}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = prof. dr.
| name = Abdul Majeed al-Zindani
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name = عبد المجيد الزنداني
| native_name_lang = ar
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1942|1|1}}
| birth_place = {{Flagicon|Yemen}} [[Ibb]], [[Yemen]]
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| nationality = {{Flagicon|Yemen}} Yemeni
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| occupation = Academic and Politician
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| notable_works = The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Emryology with Islamic Additions
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}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2012}}

'''Abdul Majeed al-Zindani''' ({{Lang-ar|عبد المجيد الزنداني|Abdul Majeed}}; born in 1942 in [[Ibb]], [[Yemen]]) is a leading Islamist, founder and head of the [[Iman University]] in Yemen, head of the [[Muslim Brotherhood#Yemen|Yemeni Muslim Brotherhood]] political movement and founder of the [[Commission on Scientific Signs in the Quran and Sunnah]], based in [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name=abdul1>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-devon010703.asp| title=Yemeni Sheikh of Hate| access-date=October 5, 2007| publisher=[[National Review]]| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071031191835/http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-devon010703.asp| archive-date= October 31, 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> He has been described by [[Daniel Golden]] of ''[[the Wall Street Journal]]'' as "a charismatic Yemeni academic and politician."<ref name="StrBedfel">{{cite journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1011738146332966760 |title=Strange Bedfellows: Western Scholars Play Key Role in Touting 'Science' of the Quran |author= Daniel Golden |author-link= Daniel Golden |journal=Wall Street Journal |date=January 23, 2002}}</ref> and by CNN as "a provocative cleric with a flaming red beard".<ref name="redbeard">[http://articles.cnn.com/2011-03-01/world/yemen.protests_1_president-saleh-zindani-ali-abdullah-saleh?_s=PM:WORLD Yemeni leader lashes out at U.S. as protests continue] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209183544/http://articles.cnn.com/2011-03-01/world/yemen.protests_1_president-saleh-zindani-ali-abdullah-saleh?_s=PM%3AWORLD |date=February 9, 2012 }} CNN. March 1, 2011</ref>

==Career==

Al-Zindani spent his early college years in [[Egypt]], and studied at [[Ain Shams University]] (first studying biology and chemistry, but then switching to Islamic studies) but did not complete a degree. He returned to Aden in 1966, went to Saudi Arabia in 1967 where he was a senior official in the Islamic Call Organization, and was sent home in 1962 when he was arrested by the ruler of Egypt. He returned to Yemen In 1962 as a delegator to represent his master Al-Zubiri in the conference revolutionary republicans and monarchic forces. Zindani, under the leadership of Alzubairi, advocated for a revolution and played a role in mobilizing Yemeni people against the monarchy.

When he returned to Yemen he formed the Yemeni [[Muslim Brotherhood]] and devoted his life to politics.<ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/islamicfundament00abde|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicfundament00abde/page/218 218]|title=Islamic fundamentalism |year=1996|publisher=Westview Press|access-date=March 17, 2010}}</ref>

==Iman University==
Al-Zindani is the founder and president of the [[Iman University]] in [[Sana'a|Sanaa]], Yemen. The institution was founded in 1995 with Yemeni government support. It also received foreign donations from the conservative [[Wahhabi]]st heritage nations of Saudi Arabia and Qatar, receiving about 400 students annually.<ref name="abdul1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://jamestown.org/program/yemeni-sheikh-al-zindanis-new-role-as-a-healer/|title=Yemeni Sheikh al-Zindani's New Role as a Healer|website=Jamestown}}</ref>

The US Treasury<ref name="treasury"/> statement that Zindani is loyal to bin Laden states that some students at Iman University have been arrested for political and religious murders. Some believe that the school's curriculum deals mostly, if not exclusively, with Islamic studies, and that it is an incubator of extremism.<ref name=rag>{{cite news|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/12/09/AR2009120904422_pf.html|last=Raghavan|first=Sudarsan|date=December 10, 2009|title=Cleric linked to Fort Hood attack grew more radicalized in Yemen|work=The Washington Post|access-date=December 10, 2009}}</ref><ref>Glenn R. Simpson, "Terror Probe Follows the Money," ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', April 2, 2004. Retrieved January 21, 2010.</ref>

''[[The Sunday Times]]'' has established that [[Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab]], the [[Northwest Airlines Flight 253]] suspected bomber who was arrested on Christmas Day 2009, attended lectures by al-Awlaki at the university in 2005.<ref name= mi>{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6973954.ece|last=Leppard |first=David |date=January 3, 2010 |title=MI5 knew of Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab's UK extremist links|work=The Sunday Times |access-date=January 2, 2010}}</ref>

==Political activity==
Al-Zindani is "a leading member" of Yemen's al-Islah Party, (the [[Yemeni Congregation for Reform]]), of which [[Tawakel Karman]], who was awarded the 2011 [[Nobel Peace Prize]], was also a member.

===Commission on Scientific Signs in the Quran and Sunnah===
He approached the Saudi government's largest charity, the [[Muslim World League]], in 1984 to establish a [[Commission on Scientific Signs in the Quran and Sunnah]], based in Saudi Arabia. He headed the Commission as secretary general until stepping down in 1995. Although he no longer has any official role with the Muslim World League, he is still invited to its events.

A criticism made of the commission is that in its enthusiasm to prove that evidence in favor of [[Qur'an and Science|Qur'anic scientific miracles]] "is clear and obvious" and that "a group of eminent non-Muslim scholars in several fields" has testified to this,<ref>Abdul Majeed al-Zindani in an interview in the May 2001 issue of a magazine published by the Commission on
Scientific Signs</ref> the commission has spread misleading, out-of-context statements by several of these non-Muslim scholars.<ref name="StrBedfel"/> In 1984, a member of the commission, Mustafa Abdul Basit Ahmed, moved to the United States to recruit non-Muslim Western scientists to verify the miraculous signs of the Quran. However, in a 2002 story<ref name="StrBedfel"/> in the American newspaper ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', several non-Muslim scientists spoke of questionable practices used by the commission to coax statements from them, such as hard-sell interviews by Sheikh Abdul Majeed al-Zindani,
and false promises to be "completely neutral."

<blockquote>The commission drew the scientists to its conferences with first-class plane tickets for them and their wives, rooms at the best hotels, $1,000 honoraria, and banquets with Muslim leaders – such as a palace dinner in Islamabad with Pakistani President Mohammed Zia ul-Haq shortly before he was killed in a plane crash. Ahmed also gave at least one scientist a crystal clock.<ref name="StrBedfel"/> </blockquote>

Marine scientist William Hay complained of having fallen into a "trap" in interviews, while embryologist Gerald Goeringer claimed "mutual manipulation" between the scientists and conference organizers. Retired Geologist Professor [[Alfred Kröner]] of the [[University of Mainz]] has a standard e-mail reply clarifying his "out of context" remarks during one of the conferences and has described the proceedings which resulted in his remarks being used by Muslim apologists. In a video recorded interview, he describes the events and explains how he was asked to answer purely hypothetical questions and it was from these answers that he was subsequently quote-mined and misrepresented. More recently, the YouTube user TheRationalizer recorded interviews with [[William W. Hay|William Hay]], Alison (Pete) Palmer, Prof Tom Armstrong and [[Alfred Kröner]] in order to give them the opportunity to put forward their accounts of the events and explain their true opinions in full, without editing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWFQJlT5YUYQcaHxdi-0exw|title=ThisIsTheTruthUncut|website=YouTube}}</ref>

===AIDS research===
Al-Zindani gave a speech praising the quality of scientific and medical research carried out at the Iman University, claiming that they had successfully treated many cases of AIDS.<ref>{{YouTube|1tOo3YLVfbU|Zindani claims cure for AIDS during TV interview}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yemenpost.net/25/LocalNews/20081.htm|title=Sheikh Al-Zindani Surprises Medical Experts by Officially Announcing AIDS Medication (Local News)|date=2012-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325093536/http://www.yemenpost.net/25/LocalNews/20081.htm|archive-date=2012-03-25|access-date=2018-03-20}}</ref> In 20 cases, al-Zandani said that the virus had vanished completely without any [[side effect]]s, and he called on the UN, which "spends enormous amounts of money to fight the disease," to send "its senior scientists to review [the university's] findings."{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}}

Dr. Jamil al-Mughales, the head of the Clinical Immunology Services of [[King Abdulaziz University]], has disputed al-Zindani's results, saying he personally inspected blood tests, and contradicting al-Zindani's claims.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070116044419/http://armiesofliberation.com/archives/2006/12/12/who-to-test-zindani%E2%80%99s-aids-herbal-cure/]</ref> Al-Mughales said that if he were the Minister of Health, he would put al-Zindani in jail. "I hope that the mass media does not give him more press, because I think he has some hidden motives, because he is on the list of the terrorist lists," he said.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.domainmarket.com/|title=DomainMarket.com, The world's best brand new brands|website=DomainMarket.com, The world's best brand new brands}}</ref>

Later, Al-Zindani applied for a patent for a herbal method purporting to treat AIDS; the application was published on the [[World Intellectual Property Organization]] website in April 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2011039574|title=The Use of a Herbal Composition for the Treatment of a Person Infected with Hiv}}</ref>

===Vice and virtue movement===
In July 2008, al-Zindani joined a panel of Islamic clerics and prominent tribal chiefs to announce the creation of a new morality authority. The Meeting for Protecting Virtue and Fighting Vice declared its intention to alert Yemen's police force to infringements of [[Sharia|Islamic law]]. The declaration followed reports of vigilante activity by self-appointed 'morality guardians' in [[Hodeidah]], Aden, and Sana'a.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzercenter.org/openitem.cfm?id=1131 |title=Pulitzer Centre on Crisis Reporting, August 11, 2008 |publisher=Pulitzercenter.org |access-date=March 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621032958/http://pulitzercenter.org/openitem.cfm?id=1131 |archive-date=June 21, 2010 }}</ref>

==Jyllands-posten cartoon controversy==
In 2006, Zindani pressed charges against 21 newspapers and their editors in Yemen for reprinting the controversial [[Muhammad cartoons]], originally printed in the Danish newspaper ''[[Jyllands-Posten]]'' in 2005. On November 25, 2006, al-Zidani won the first case—against the newspaper [[Al-Rai Al-A'm]]—and the newspaper was ordered to cease printing for six months, and its editor was sentenced to one year of prison.

==Banned by US==
[[File:Awlaki 1008.JPG|thumb|left|[[Anwar al-Awlaki]], who attended and lectured at the university]]On February 24, 2004, the [[United States Department of the Treasury|US Treasury Department]] issued an order labeling Zindani a "[[Specially Designated Global Terrorist]]". The Department said that Zindani had a "long history of working with [[Osama bin Laden|bin Laden]], notably serving as one of his spiritual leaders", and that he "served as a contact for [[Ansar al-Islam]] (Al), an Iraqi and Syrian based terrorist organization linked to al-Qaeda". The Department also stated that it suspected students of his Al Iman University of assassinating three American missionaries, and "the number two leader for the [[Yemeni Socialist Party]], [[Jarallah Omar]]".<ref name="treasury">{{cite web|url=http://www.treasury.gov/press/releases/js1190.htm |title=United States Designates bin Laden Loyalist; February 24, 2004 |access-date=2012-02-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314033922/http://www.treasury.gov/press/releases/js1190.htm |archive-date=March 14, 2010 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/nefabackgrounder_alawlaki.pdf |title=Microsoft Word - nefabackgrounder_alawlaki.doc |access-date=March 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414161642/http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/nefabackgrounder_alawlaki.pdf |archive-date=April 14, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Al Awlaki also took classes and lectured at Iman University, headed by Zindani.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/al-qaeda-recruiter-focus-fort-hood-killings-investigation/story?id=9045492 |title=Chucmach, Megan, and Ross, Brian, "Al Qaeda Recruiter New Focus in Fort Hood Killings Investigation Army Major Nidal Hasan Was In Contact With Imam Anwar Awlaki, Officials Say," ''ABC News'', November 10, 2009, accessed November 12, 2009 |publisher=ABC |location=USA |date=November 10, 2009 |access-date=March 17, 2010}}</ref>

[[John Walker Lindh]] is also a former student of Iman University linked to terrorist groups.<ref name=rag/><ref name = "wash post">Schmidt, Susan; [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/26/AR2008022603267.html Imam From Va. Mosque Now Thought to Have Aided Al-Qaeda]; ''The Washington Post'', February 27, 2008. Retrieved November 20, 2009.</ref>
However, Iman University made several press statements declaring that neither Alawlaki or Abdulmutallab have studied in the university and they even didn't attend any lecture at Iman University. The university also asked the American administration to prove their claims with evidence and proofs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/presstour/2010/1/19/نيويورك-تايمز-بـ-مركز-الأفكار|title=نيويورك تايمز بـ"مركز الأفكار الجهادية"|website=www.aljazeera.net}}</ref>

Zindani's name was subsequently submitted to the [[United Nations Security Council Committee 1267|UN 1267 Committee]]'s list<ref name="un1267">{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/Docs/sc/committees/1267/tablelist.htm |title=UN 1267 Committee banned entity list |publisher=United Nations |access-date=March 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060728143814/http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/committees/1267/tablelist.htm |archive-date=July 28, 2006 |df=mdy }}</ref> of individuals belonging to or associated with al-Qaeda. Among the factors offered to [[Guantanamo detainee]] [[Abdul Rahman Mohamed Saleh Naser]]'s [[Administrative Review Board]], justifying his continued [[extrajudicial]] detention, were:<ref name=FactorsAbdulRahmanMohamedSalehNaser>[{{DoD detainees ARB|ARB_Factors_Set_2_1046-1160.pdf#35}} Factors for and against the continued detention (.pdf)] of [[Abdul Rahman Mohamed Saleh Naser]] ''[[Administrative Review Board]]'' May 18, 2005 – p. 35</ref>
#''"The detainee decided to go to Afghanistan after hearing and speaking with Sheik Al Zindani.
#''"Abd Al Majid Zandani was an active supporter of Usama Bin Laden. Zandani was involved in raising funds and recruiting volunteers for the Bin Laden organization. Zandani is also a religious and legal expert for Usama Bin Laden.''
#''"[[Executive Order 13224]] designates Shaykh Abd Al Majid Al Zindani as a person who commits, threatens to commit, or supports terrorism."''<ref name="treasury"/>

Zindani declared right after the announcement of US accusations against him, that he would appear in the Yemeni courts If the Yemeni government asks him to do so. Zindani's argument was that the US administration is using "terrorists list" for political motivations and the US administration would add anyone who raises his voice to defend the sovereignty of his country to that list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://almasdaronlin.org/article/53368|title=صنعاء تعلن استعدادها لمحاكمة متهمين بدعم "الإرهاب" وتطلب من واشنطن أدلة تثبت ادعائها|first=المصدر أونلاين-|last=صنعاء|website=المصدر أونلاين}}</ref>

However, after the failure of the UN and the American administration to answer the several requests of the Yemeni Government to provide them with proofs that show the involvement of Zindani in terrorist actions or attempts, the Yemeni government asked the American administration to remove Zindani's name from its "terrorists list".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yemeress.com/sabanet/100685|title=اليمن تطلب من السلطات الامريگية رفع التهم الموجهة للزنداني|website=يمرس}}</ref>

In mid-January 2010, Zindani said he would call for jihad in the event that US troops were sent to Yemen.<ref name="fight">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/15/world/middleeast/15briefs-Yemen.html?ref=world|title=Yemen: Clerics Oppose U.S. Troops|last=Worth|first=Robert|date=January 14, 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 15, 2010}}</ref> And he added that Yemen is an independent sovereign state and any foreigner attack in the Yemeni lands would be considered as an attack to all Yemenis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/09/2012921135824704254.html|title=Firebrand cleric walks a fine line in Yemen|first=Jane|last=Ferguson|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref>

==Protests in Yemen==
Zindani Played an important role in the [[Yemeni Revolution]] that raised in 2011 first as a meditator between the opposition and the Yemeni President [[Ali Abdullah Salih]]. However, when Zindani realized that Salih was preparing his troops to suppress Yemeni revolutionary youth, he went to "change square" and declared his support to the revolution.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpwohbloNvg |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/QpwohbloNvg |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|title=‫هذا مادار بيني وبين الرئيس (الجزء الثاني). |publisher=YouTube |access-date=2020-05-29}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[The New York Times]] reported that protests outside the American embassy in Yemen on September 13, 2012 began hours after Zindani urged followers to emulate protests in Libya and Egypt, according to some residents of Sana. Protesters were denouncing a video caricaturing the prophet Mohammed and Islam.<ref name="turmoil">Nasser Arrabee and Alan Cowell, "[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/14/world/middleeast/mideast-turmoil-spreads-to-us-embassy-in-yemen.html Turmoil spreads to US embassy in Yemen]," ''The New York Times'', 13 September 2012.</ref>

==Houthi takeover in Yemen==
Following the [[Houthi takeover in Yemen]], al-Zindani escaped from [[Houthis]] after they took control of the capital Sana’a in 2014, towards the city of Taiz (southwest), before heading to Saudi territories through the port of Al-Wadia (east), in a journey described as "adventure" after passing through Houthi checkpoints. In October 2017, he was reported to be under [[house arrest]] in [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Yemeni source: Zindani under house arrest in Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20171017-yemeni-source-zindani-under-house-arrest-in-saudi-arabia/|website=[[Middle East Monitor]]|date=17 October 2020|access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref> In November 2020 he moved from [[Saudi Arabia]] to [[Turkey]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey seen planning more active role in war-ravaged Yemen|url=https://thearabweekly.com/turkey-seen-planning-more-active-role-war-ravaged-yemen|website=[[The Arab Weekly]]|date=24 November 2020|access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090306174440/http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/nefabackgrounder_alawlaki.pdf "Anwar al-Awlaki: Pro Al-Qaida Ideologue with Influence in the West"] [[NEFA Foundation]]

{{Arab Spring}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zindani, Abdul Majeed al-}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Education in Yemen]]
[[Category:Muslim Brotherhood leaders]]
[[Category:Al-Islah (Yemen) politicians]]
[[Category:People of the Yemeni Revolution]]
[[Category:People designated by the Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee]]
[[Category:Ain Shams University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Ibb Governorate]]

Abdul Majeed al-Zindani - Revision history

->Rlink2 at 23:04, 14 December 2021