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{{Infobox ragam
| name = Abheri
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|G2|M1|P|N2|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G2|R2|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2011}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Abheri''' (pronounced ābhēri) is a [[raga]] in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''[[Janya]]'' raga (derived scale), whose ''[[Melakarta]]'' raga (parent, also known as ''janaka'') is ''[[Kharaharapriya]]'', 22nd in the 72 ''Melakarta'' raga system.

''[[Bhimpalasi]]'' (or ''Bheempalas'') of [[Hindustani music]] sounds close to ''Abheri''.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref>

== Structure and Lakshana ==
[[Image:Udayaravichandrika scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|Ascending scale with Shadjam at C]]
[[Image:Kharaharapriya scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|Descending scale with Shadjam at C]]
Abheri is an ''audava-sampoorna'' [[raga]]. Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see ''[[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|swaras in Carnatic music]]'' for details on below notation and terms):

*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|G2|M1|P|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G2|R2|S|foot=yes}}

[[File:Abheri.wav|thumb|Abheri]]

The ''[[swara]]s'' in this scale are ''Chathusruthi Rishabham, Sadharana Gandharam, Suddha Madhyamam, Chathusruthi Dhaivatham'' and ''Kaisiki Nishadham''.

There are some differing views on swaras in the scale of Abheri. It is considered a ''Bhashanga'' raga (scale has an ''anya swara'', that is, a note which is not in the parent ''melakarta'' raga, in this case ''Kharaharapriya'' raga), with introduction of ''Suddha Dhiavatham'' (D1) in some phrases of the raga.<ref name="ragas" /> A different view is that this raga is a ''janya'' of ''[[Natabhairavi]]'' (which has D1, ''suddha dhaivatham'', in place of D2), with D2 being the ''anya swara'' (external note).<ref name="raganidhi" />

This [[raga]] is closer to [[Bhagyasree]] as for Bhagyasree [[Gandharam]] is sung softly. Thus a subtle difference of [[Gandhara]] makes a listener to feel this raga as [[Bhagyasree]].

== Popular compositions ==
A very popular composition in ''Abheri'' raga is ''Nagumomu Ganaleni'', a kriti by [[Thyagaraja]], one of the three eminent composers in Carnatic music. Another well known composition is ''Bhajare Re Manasa'', a kriti composed by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]] ''Gokula-nilaya krupalaya'' is also composed by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]ya in the same raga. Ancient Tamil [[Sangam period]] poetry, '''Veral Veli''' by [[Kapilar]] was set to Abheri raga in [[Sandham: Symphony Meets Classical Tamil]] by [[Rajan Somasundaram|Composer Rajan]]. [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] has composed ''Vinabheri'' in this raga. However, the scale used by Mudduswamy Deekshitar is different from the scale used in Abheri today.

There are many ''thukadas'' (or short songs, that are sung towards end of a Carnatic concert) composed in this raga of which ''Vellai Thamarai'' penned by [[Subramanya Bharathi]] is noteworthy. This raga has been extensively used in movie songs/ movie music. The most popular movie song in this raga is ''Aakaasa veedhilo'' from the old [[Telugu language|Telugu]] classic movie ''[[Malliswari (1951 film)|Malliswari]]'' (1951) sung by [[Ghantasala (singer)|Ghantasala]] and [[Bhanumathi Ramakrishna|Bhanumati]].

== Film Songs ==
===Language: [[Tamil language|Tamil]]===
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#ADFF2F" |Song
!style="background:#ADFF2F" |Movie
!style="background:#ADFF2F" |Year
!style="background:#ADFF2F" |Composer
!style="background:#ADFF2F" |Singer
|-
|Yaanai Thandham Pole
|[[Amarakavi]]
|1952
|[[G. Ramanathan]], T. A. Kalyanam
|[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]], [[P. Leela]]
|-
|Thanga Nilavil
|[[Thirumanam]]
|1958
|[[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]], [[T. G. Lingappa]]
|[[A. M. Rajah]], [[Jikki]]
|-
|Vaarai Nee Vaarai
|[[Manthiri Kumari]]
|1950
|rowspan="2"|[[G. Ramanathan]]
|[[Thiruchi Loganathan]], [[Jikki]]
|-
|Kannan Mananilayai
|[[Deivathin Deivam]]
|1962
|rowspan="2"|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Singaravelane Deva
|[[Konjum Salangai]]
|1962
|[[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]]
|-
|Isai Thamizh
|[[Thiruvilaiyadal]]
|1965
|rowspan="4"|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|[[T. R. Mahalingam (actor)|T. R. Mahalingam]]
|-
|Kadhalaagi
|[[Thiruvarutchelvar]]
|1967
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], Master Maharajan
|-
|Gangai Karai Thottam
|[[Vanambadi]]
|1963
|rowspan="4"|[[P. Suseela]]
|-
|Komatha Engal Kulamatha
|[[Saraswati Sabatham]]
|1966
|-
|Velodu Vilaiyaadum Murugaiyaa
|[[Chitrangi]]
|1964
|Vedha
|-
|Pazhamuthir Solaiyilae
|[[Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum]]
|1965
|rowspan="3"|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|-
|Raagangal Pathinaaru
|[[Thillu Mullu]]
|1981
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Poo Malaiyil
|[[Ooty Varai Uravu]]
|1967
|rowspan="2"|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Malarnthum Malaradha
|[[Pasamalar]]
|1961
|[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|-
|Anbu Megame
|[[Engamma Sapatham]]
|1974
|[[Vijaya Bhaskar]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Kuyile Kavikuyile
|[[Kavikkuyil]]
|1977
|rowspan="21"|[[Illayaraja]]
|rowspan="4"|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Vasantha Kaala Kolangal
|[[Thyagam]]
|1978
|-
|Naatham En Jeevanae
|[[Kaadhal Oviyam]]
|1982
|-
|Kandane Engum
|[[Kaatrinile Varum Geetham]]
|1978
|-
|Chinna Chiru Vayathil
|[[Meendum Kokila]]
|1981
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. P. Sailaja]]
|-
|Megam Karukkuthu
|[[Anandha Ragam]]
|1982
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Velakku Vetcha
|[[Mundhanai Mudichu]]
|1983
|[[Illayaraja]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Poovae Poochudava
|[[Poove Poochooda Vaa]]
|1985
|[[K. J. Yesudas]](ver 1), [[K. S. Chithra]] (ver 2)
|-
|Velli Golusu
|[[Pongi Varum Kaveri]]
|1989
|Arunmozhi, [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Kallidasan Kannadasan
|Soorakottai Singakutty
|
|[[P. Jayachandran]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Poonkaaviyam
|[[Karpoora Mullai]]
|1991
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[P. Suseela]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Sangathamizh Kaviye
(Ragamalika: Abheri, [[Bageshri]], Sumanesa Ranjani)
|[[Manathil Uruthi Vendum]]
|1987
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Dhevadhai Poloru
|[[Gopura Vasalile]]
|1991
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Deepan Chakravarthy]], [[S. N. Surendar]]
|-
|Ennai Thottu
|[[Unna Nenachen Pattu Padichen]]
|1992
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Mayilaadum Thoppil
|[[Chinna Pasanga Naanga]]
|1992
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Unn Manasile Paattuthaan
|[[Paandi Nattu Thangam]]
|1989
|rowspan="4"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Poovendrum Ponne Endrum
|Dhuruva Natchathiram
|
|-
|Guruvayurappa
|[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]
|1989
|-
|Muththamizhe Muththamizhe
|[[Raman Abdullah]]
|1997
|-
|Orellam Un Pattuthan
|Orellam Un Pattu
|
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Swarnalatha]] (Sad version)
|-
|Punnaivana Ponguiyile
|Sevanthi
|1994
|Arunmozhi, [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Saravana Poikayil
|Poramai
|1980
|S.D.Sekar
|[[K. J. Yesudas]],B.S.Sasirekha
|-
|Kannodu Kaanbadhellam
|[[Jeans (film)|Jeans]]
|1998
|rowspan="4"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Nithyashree Mahadevan]]
|-
|Taniye Taniye
|[[Rangeela (1995 film)|Rangeela]]
|1995
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Muppadhu Nimidam
|[[Parasuram (2003 film)|Parasuram]]
|2003
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Sahana
|[[Sivaji: The Boss]]
|2007
|[[Udit Narayan]], [[Chinmayi]], [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|Thanimayile
|[[Sattam Oru Iruttarai (1981 film)|Sattam Oru Iruttarai]]
|1981
|rowspan=2|[[Sankar Ganesh]]
|[[S. N. Surendar]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Vennila Mugham Paduthu
|Jyothi Malar
|1986
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Poove Nee Yaar Solli
|Thaniyatha Thagam
|
|A. A. Raj
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Nagumo
|[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]
|1997
|rowspan="3"|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Sempattu Poove
|[[Purusha Lakshanam]]
|1993
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Pathinettu Vayadhu
|[[Suriyan]]
|1992
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Poothirukkum Vaname
|[[Pudhayal]]
|1997
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Uma Ramanan]]
|-
|Malare Oru Varthai
|[[Poomagal Oorvalam]]
|1999
|Siva
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Sollamalae
|[[Poove Unakkaga]]
|1996
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|[[P. Jayachandran]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]], Sunandha
|-
|Pudhu Kadhal
|[[Pudhukottaiyilirundhu Saravanan]]
|2004
|rowspan=3|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|[[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Chinmayi]]
|-
|Engeyo Paartha
|[[Yaaradi Nee Mohini]]
|2008
|rowspan=2|[[Udit Narayan]]
|-
|Endhan Uyir Thozhiyae
|[[Winner (2003 film)|Winner]]
|2003
|-
|Unakkul Naane
|[[Pachaikili Muthucharam]]
|2007
|[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|[[Bombay Jayashri]]
|-
|Kana Kaangiren
|[[Ananda Thandavam (film)|Ananda Thandavam]]
|2009
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|[[Nithyashree Mahadevan]], [[Shubha Mudgal]], Vinita, Uluwissu Santhoshan Suarez
|-
|Uyire Uyire
|Ellame En Kadhali
|
|rowspan=2|[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Ya Ya Yadhava
|[[Devaraagam]]
|1996
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|Nee Korinal
|[[180 (2011 Indian film)|180]]
|2011
|[[Sharreth]]
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Shweta Mohan]]
|-
|Kannamma
|[[Ispade Rajavum Idhaya Raniyum]]
|2019
|[[Sam C. S.]]
|[[Anirudh Ravichander]]
|}

=== Language: Kannada ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Year
!Composer
!Singer
!Lyrics
|-
|Aakashave Bilali Mele
|Nyayave Devaru
|1971
|Rajan-Nagendra
|P. B. Sreenivas
|Chi. Udaya Shankar
|-
|Aaseya Bhava Olavina Jeeva
|Mangalya Bhagya
|
|Rajan-Nagendra
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|Vijayanarasimha
|}

===Album===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Language
!Album
!Composer
!Lyricist
!Singer
!Audio Label / Licence to
|-
|Veral Veli
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|[[Sandham- Symphony Meets Classical Tamil|Sandham]]
|[[Rajan Somasundaram]]
|Kapilar (Kuruntokai 18)
|[[Bombay Jayashri]]
|Rajan Somasundaram
|-
|Suvakshoja Kumbham
|[[Sanskrit]]
|Sharada Bhujangam
|Mahesh Mahadev
|Adi Shankaracharya
|[[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]]
|PM Audios
|-
|[https://music.apple.com/us/album/paalisennanu-sri-mahalakshmi-single/1489277739 Palisennanu Sri Mahalakshmi]
|[[Kannada]]
|Palisennanu Sri Mahalakshmi
|Mahesh Mahadev
|[[Purandara Dasa]]
|[[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]]
|PM Audios
|}

== Popular Classical Albums on this Raagam ==
An excellent rendition of this Raaga can be found in one of [[L. Shankar]] Albums ''Raga Aberi''. He received a Grammy Nomination for this composition.

== Related rāgams ==
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

''Abheri's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields 3 other janya rāgams, namely, ''[[Mohanakalyani]]'', ''[[Kedaragaula]]'' and ''[[Aarabhi|Arabhi]]'' (if we consider the Kharaharapriya-based scale). ''Graha bhedam'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''Shadjam'' to the next note in the rāgam. In case of ''Janya'' ragams, only notes that occur in both ascending and descending scale are taken for this change. For further details and an illustration of ''Graha bhedam'' refer [[Graha bhedam#Example Illustration|''Graha bhedam'' on ''Sankarabharanam'']]. Abheri has close resemblance to Karnatakadevagandhari and Bhimpalasi. Whether they are essentially same is a matter of debate among the musicologists.

==See also==

*[[List of Film Songs based on Ragas]]

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya}}

[[Category:Janya Ragas]]
[[Category:Janya Ragas (kharaharapriya)]]

Abheri - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 17:20, 13 August 2023