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&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Short description|Son of Arjuna in the Hindu literature Mahabharata}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{About|the character of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mahabharata&amp;#039;&amp;#039;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox character&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Abhimanyu_-_Pratap_Mullick.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| info-hdr = Information&lt;br /&gt;
| alt = Abhimanyū&lt;br /&gt;
| caption = Abhimanyu fighting with a chariot wheel after his weapons were shattered by enemy troops, illustration by [[Pratap Mullick]], c. 1970&lt;br /&gt;
| weapon = [[Bow and arrows]], [[sword]]&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse = [[Uttarā]]&lt;br /&gt;
| family = {{bulleted list|[[Arjuna]] (Father)|[[Subhadra]] (Mother)}}&lt;br /&gt;
| relatives = &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Paternal uncles&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; {{hlist|[[Karna]]|[[Yudhishthira]]|[[Bhima]]|[[Nakula]]|[[Sahadeva]]}} &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Maternal uncles&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; {{hlist|[[Krishna]]|[[Balarama]]}} &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Half-brothers&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; {{hlist|[[Shrutakarma]]|[[Iravan]]|[[Babruvahana]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
| children = [[Parikshit]]&lt;br /&gt;
| affiliation = [[Kshatriya]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Abhimanyu&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{Langx|sa|अभिमन्यु }}, {{IAST3|Abhimanyu}}) is a character in the ancient [[Hinduism|Hindu]] epic &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Mahābhārata]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. He was a young and valiant warrior of the [[Kuru kingdom|Kuru]] lineage, born to [[Arjuna]]—the third [[Pandava]] brother—and [[Subhadra]]—a [[Vrishni]] princess. He was also one of the few individuals, along with his father, who knew the technique to enter the [[Chakravyuha]], a powerful military formation. Abhimanyu was raised by his maternal family in [[Dvārakā]] because the [[Pandava|Pandavas]] had been exiled for thirteen years by their cousins, the [[Kauravas]]. After his father&amp;#039;s return, his marriage was arranged with [[Uttarā]], the princess of the [[Matsya Kingdom]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Abhimanyu played a significant role on the Pandava side during the [[Kurukshetra War]]. The Kaurava soldiers banded together on the thirteenth day of the battle to build the Chakravyuha in an effort to defeat the Pandavas. With Arjuna diverted to another part of the battlefield, Abhimanyu was the only one who was able to burst through the formation and take on the Kaurava soldiers. At that point, seven &amp;#039;&amp;#039;maharathis&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (powerful warriors) launched simultaneous attacks on him while violating several [[Kshatriya dharma|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;kshatriya&amp;#039;&amp;#039; codes]], and he was killed at the age of sixteen.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Abhimanyu&amp;#039;s posthumous son [[Parikshit]] saved the [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]] lineage from extinction, and became a well known monarch celebrated both in the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mahabharata&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Bhagavata Purana]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology and epithets==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Abhimanyu&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a [[Sanskrit]] name that translates to &amp;quot;one who is with self-respect&amp;quot;. It can alternatively be rendered as &amp;quot;heroic&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;fiery&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;name&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; In the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Mahabharata]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, a number of epithets are used to describe Abhimanyu.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;VM&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; The following is a list of some of them.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ārjuni&amp;#039;&amp;#039; - &amp;#039;son of [[Arjuna]]&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Maneka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PkW6hs1OjyEC&amp;amp;q=Abhimanyu+ |title=The Penguin Book of Hindu Names |date=1993 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-012841-3 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Arjunātmaja&amp;#039;&amp;#039; - &amp;#039;son of Arjuna&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;name&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Arjunāpara&amp;#039;&amp;#039; - &amp;#039;he who is equal to Arjuna&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;VM&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Phālguni&amp;#039;&amp;#039; - &amp;#039;son of Phalguna (Arjuna)&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;VM&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Śakrātmajatmāja&amp;#039;&amp;#039; - &amp;#039;son of [[Indra]]&amp;#039;s son (Arjuna)&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;name&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Saubhadra&amp;#039;&amp;#039; - &amp;#039;son of [[Subhadra]]&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;name&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Janmavira&amp;#039;&amp;#039; - &amp;#039;one who is brave from birth&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;name&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Literary background==&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Mahabharata]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, a [[Sanskrit]] epic from the [[Indian subcontinent]], tells the tale of Abhimanyu. He is related to the epic&amp;#039;s hero [[Arjuna]], who was his father, and [[Krishna]], his maternal uncle who is also a key figure in the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mahabharata&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. The text, which has undergone numerous modifications, edits, and interpolations over many years, is written in classical Sanskrit. The oldest passages in the text that has survived date back to perhaps around 400 BCE.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;epic&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book|last=Brockington |first=J. L. |year=1998 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HR-_LK5kl18C&amp;amp;pg=PA26 |title=The Sanskrit Epics |publisher=Brill Academic |isbn=978-9-00410-260-6 |page=26}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Scholars have attempted to construct a [[critical edition]], relying mostly on a study of the &amp;quot;Bombay&amp;quot; edition, the &amp;quot;Poona&amp;quot; edition, the &amp;quot;Calcutta&amp;quot; edition and the &amp;quot;south Indian&amp;quot; editions of the manuscripts. The most accepted version is one prepared by scholars led by [[Vishnu Sitaram Sukthankar|Vishnu Sukthankar]] at the [[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]], preserved at [[Kyoto University]], [[Cambridge University]] and various Indian universities.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=McGrath |first=Kevin |year=2004 |title=The Sanskrit Hero: Karna in Epic Mahabharata |publisher=Brill Academic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YkmXk3-1j7UC&amp;amp;pg=PA19 |pages=19–26 |isbn=978-9-00413-729-5}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fight between the five [[Pandavas]], and the one hundred [[Kauravas]] is at the heart of the narrative of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mahabharata&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. The epic&amp;#039;s main focus is on their great conflict, known as the [[Kurukshetra War]]. The majority of the text describes the various battles between the warriors of two sides during the war.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;epic&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book|last=Chakravarti|first=Bishnupada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivQ6CwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;q=Abhimanyu&amp;amp;pg=PT105|title=Penguin Companion to the Mahabharata|date=2007-11-13|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-93-5214-170-8|language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mahabharata&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is divided into eighteen &amp;#039;&amp;#039;parva&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;books&amp;#039;. Like many other major characters, Abhimanyu is also introduced in the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Adi Parva]]—&amp;#039;&amp;#039;the first of the 18 parvas.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MH67&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section LXVII |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01068.htm |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=www.sacred-texts.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The [[Drona Parva|seventh book]]&amp;#039;s &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Abhimanyu-badha Parva&amp;#039;&amp;#039; focuses on Abhimanyu, who is lauded throughout, and has a thorough account of how he died.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;VM&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Legends==&lt;br /&gt;
===Previous life===&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Sambhava Parva&amp;#039;&amp;#039; of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Adi Parva]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; narrates the reason behind Abhimanyu&amp;#039;s birth and his early demise. It was once proposed at a meeting of the gods that Varchas, the son of the lunar god [[Chandra|Soma]], take on the earthly form of Abhimanyu and aid in the annihilation of evil men. Soma, who was unwilling to give up his son, accepted to their proposal only on the condition that Varchas would come back to him once he (as Abhimanyu) became sixteen.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;VM&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;MH67&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Birth and early life===&lt;br /&gt;
Abhimanyu was born to [[Arjuna]]—the third of the [[Pandava]] brothers—and his wife [[Subhadra]], who belonged to the [[Yadava]] clan. Arjuna first instructed him in military education before the Pandavas were coerced into giving up their kingdom and banished for thirteen years by their cousin [[Duryodhana]]. During this time, Subhadra remained in the kingdom of [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]], the home of her brother, and raised Abhimanyu there with the help of her family. Abhimanyu received military instruction from his uncles [[Balarama]] and [[Krishna]] as well as his maternal cousin [[Pradyumna]]. When the Pandavas returned from exile, Duryodhana refused to give them their kingdom back, which ultimately sparked the [[Kurukshetra War]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;VM&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |title=Puranic Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive Work with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arjuna taught Abhimanyu the strategy for breaking into [[chakravyuh]]a, a formidable military structure that resembled a [[labyrinth]] of several defensive walls. Abhimanyu was one of the four warriors who knew this skill, according to [[Yudhishthira]].&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;Drona&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; A later folklore adds that Abhimanyu learned this information from Arjuna while still inside his mother&amp;#039;s womb. However, he was unable to hear how to exit the chakravyuha, and this incomplete knowledge later contributed to his demise.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-11-29|title=Abhimanyu and the Battle of Kurukshetra|url=https://www.utahkrishnas.org/abhimanyu-and-the-battle-of-kurukshetra/|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Radha Krishna Temple in Utah|language=en-US}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Marriage===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Uttara Abhimanyu.jpg|thumb|Abhimanyu consoling Uttarā before leaving for the Kurukshetra War, 20th-century print]]&lt;br /&gt;
Abhimanyu&amp;#039;s marriage is narrated in the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Virata Parva]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, the fourth book of the epic. The Pandavas had to live secretly and avoid being discovered during the final year of their exile. The Pandavas stayed in the kingdom of [[Matsya]] in disguise and served its ruler [[Virata]]. The king&amp;#039;s daughter, [[Uttarā]], was taught dancing and music by Arjuna, who pretended to be a eunuch named Brihannala. When their year of disguise came to an end and the Pandavas&amp;#039; true identities were revealed, Virata asked Arjuna to marry Uttarā. However, Arjuna declined because he had served as her teacher during that time. Instead, he put forward the idea of Uttara and Abhimanyu being married. The marriage ceremony was held in the city of [[Upaplavya]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m04/m04072.htm | title=The Mahabharata, Book 4: Virata Parva: Go-harana Parva: Section LXXII }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;VM&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; Abhimanyu had gotten his wife pregnant before his death, and she later gave birth to a son, [[Parikshit]]. Following the Pandavas&amp;#039; victory in the Kurukshetra War, Parikshit becomes the heir-apparent of Yudhishthira and later takes Yudhisthira&amp;#039;s place as ruler of [[Hastinapura]].&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;VM&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The Kurukshetra War===&lt;br /&gt;
Abhimanyu sided with the Pandavas in the [[Kurukshetra War]]. Even though he was a young man, he exhibited amazing bravery in the conflict. In the fifth book of the epic, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Udyoga Parva]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Abhimanyu was categorised as a &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Atirathi&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;#039;leader of leaders of car-divisions&amp;#039;) by [[Bhishma]], the Kuru gransire who oversaw the Kaurava side during the first eleven days of the conflict.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;VM&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Uluka Dutagamana Parva: Section CLXXI |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m05/m05171.htm |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=www.sacred-texts.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Bhishma Parva]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; contains a thorough account of the battles fought during the first eleven days of the war, when Bhishma served as the Kaurava side&amp;#039;s commander. Abhimanyu first engaged in combat with [[Brihadbala|Brihatbala]], the king of [[Kosala]], on the first day. Later, during a terrible battle with Bhishma, Abhimanyu broke Bhishma&amp;#039;s flagstaff. He engaged in combat alongside [[Lakshmana Kumara|Lakshmana]], son of Duryodhana, on the second day. He then occupied a position in the semi-circular phalanx Arjuna had built, known as the Ardha Chandra Vyuha. He also fought the Gandharas ferociously and when he invaded [[Shalya]], the Magadha king [[Jayatsena]] and his elephant were slaughtered. After assisting Bhima in battle, Abhimanyu went on to defeat Lakshmana once more. Additionally, [[Vikarna]], Chitrasena, and other Kaurava brothers were vanquished by Abhimanyu. Later, he assumed his place in the Shringataka Vyuha built by [[Dhrishtadyumna]], the commander of the Pandava side. Abhimanyu also defeated [[Ambashtha]] and [[Alambusha]]. He then engaged in combat with Sudishna, Duryodhana, and Brihatbala.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;VM&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Death===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Pandava brothers&amp;#039; nephew Abhimanyu battles the Kaurava brother Duhshasana, from a manuscript of the Mahabharata.jpg|thumb|Abhimanyu (center, in golden armour) battles the Kaurava warrior [[Dushasana]] inside the [[chakravyuh]]a, painting from a manuscript of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mahabharata&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, c  1803|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
Abhimanyu&amp;#039;s death is described in detail in the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Abhimanyu-vadha Parva&amp;#039;&amp;#039; of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Drona Parva]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, the eighth book of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mahabharata&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona Parva: Abhimanyu-badha Parva: Section XXXI |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07031.htm |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=www.sacred-texts.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
After Bhishma was defeated on the eleventh day, [[Drona]]—who had formerly been both the Pandavas&amp;#039; and the Kauravas&amp;#039; teacher—was named the new leader of the Kaurava side. After a lacklustre performance on the twelfth day, Duryodhana reprimanded him and reminded him of his vow to vanquish the Pandavas. Drona made the decision to start the [[chakravyuh]]a after feeling embarrassed. As Arjuna was skilled in chakravyuha defence, he requested Duryodhana to divert Arjuna. On the thirteenth day, Arjuna was detoured to the south by [[Samsaptakas]]. The army of Kauravas, led by [[Drona|Dronacharya]], then arranged themselves in the array of Chakravyuha. The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;maharathis&amp;#039;&amp;#039; such as Drona, [[Karna]], [[Shalya]], [[Kripa]], [[Ashvatthama]], Duryodhana, [[Jayadratha]], [[Dushasana|Duhshasana]] and [[Bhurishravas|Bhurishrava]] formed the wheel formation, guarded by millions of soldiers. The Pandava forces advanced to engage in combat, but all were forced back by Drona&amp;#039;s lethal arrows. As one of the few people who was capable of entering the chakravyuha, Abhimanyu was given the task by Yudhisthira. Abhimanyu reminded Yudhishthira that he didn&amp;#039;t know the escape from the formation, but Yudhishthira persuaded him that their warriors were following him to help in case of fatal danger.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;Drona&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite web |last=Ganguli |first=Kisari Mohan |date=2015-01-10 |title=The Thirteenth Day at Kurukshetra; The Death of Abhimanyu [Chapter 3] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/mahabharata/d/doc118444.html |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Abhimanyu then commanded his charioteer, Sumitra, to head for Drona, while Pandavas trailed behind him. The Kaurava soldiers attacked Abhimanyu, but he cut through their formidable defence and tore it apart. Then formidable Kaurava warriors challenged him. In separate battles, Abhimanyu defeated Duryodhana, Dushashana, Drona, Ashvathama, Karna, Shakuni. He also slew numerous enemy warriors, including the son of King [[Asmaka]], the brothers of Shalya, Rukmaratha, [[Lakshmana Kumara|Lakshmana]], Vrindaka, [[Brihadbala|Brihatbala]], Asvaketu, and the Bhoja prince Martikavata. Duryodhana, outraged at his son&amp;#039;s murder, instructed Drona to alter the original plan to assassinate Abhimanyu. The Pandavas forces were stopped by Jayadratha, who ultimately vanquished all four of them, leaving Abhimanyu all by himself. [[Shakuni]], Duryodhana&amp;#039;s infamous uncle, devised a strategy to attack him simultaneously that violated the rules of war. Abhimanyu was immediately assailed by the six &amp;#039;&amp;#039;maharathis&amp;#039;&amp;#039;—[[Duryodhan]], [[Dushasan]], [[Dronacharya]], [[Kripacharya]], [[Karna]] and [[Shakuni]]. They demolished his chariot, killed the horses of his chariot, broke his weapons, and shot him with numerous arrows. He continued to fight using a chariot wheel even though he was exhausted and hopeless at this point, killing numerous [[Gandhara]] soldiers. A blow to the head from Dushashana&amp;#039;s son ultimately caused him to succumb to his wounds and he died as a hero.&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;Drona&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;VM&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==In derivative works==&lt;br /&gt;
===Sasirekha Parinayam===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Main articles|Sasirekha Parinayam}}&lt;br /&gt;
While the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mahabharata&amp;#039;&amp;#039; mentions Uttarā as Abhimanyu&amp;#039;s only wife, the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] folktale &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Sasirekha Parinayam]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; adds the story of Abhimanyu marrying Sashirekha (also known as Vatsala), the daughter of his uncle [[Balarama]], before marrying Uttarā. According to the story, Abhimanyu fell in love with Sasirekha while staying in Dvaraka, but Revathi wanted her to marry [[Lakshmana Kumara|Lakshmana]], Duryodhana&amp;#039;s son. [[Ghatotkacha]], Bhima&amp;#039;s son who wanted to help his cousin, disguised himself as Sashirekha and broke Lakshmana&amp;#039;s arm. As a result of the incident, Lakshmana ended his marriage to Sashirekha. The real Sashirekha and Abhimanyu were married in the forest at the time. No such has been attested in the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mahabharata&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation | url=http://www.epicindia.com/magazine/Culture/a-study-in-folk-mahabharata-how-balarama-became-abhimanyus-father-in-law | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217055941/http://www.epicindia.com/magazine/Culture/a-study-in-folk-mahabharata-how-balarama-became-abhimanyus-father-in-law | url-status=dead | archive-date=17 February 2012 | author=Indrajit Bandyopadhyay | title=A Study In Folk &amp;quot;Mahabharata&amp;quot;: How Balarama Became Abhimanyu&amp;#039;s Father-in-law | date=29 October 2008 | periodical=Epic India: A New Arts &amp;amp; Culture Magazine}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;jaya&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Pattanaik |first=Devdutt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mY9WkvuZvcMC&amp;amp;q=jaya+an+illustrated+retelling+of+the+mahabharata |title=Jaya: An Illustrated Retelling of the Mahabharata |date=2010-08-16 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-169-7 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Wayang===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wajangpop van karbouwenhuid voorstellende Abimanyu TMnr 809-163i.jpg|thumb|Abimanyu [[wayang]] (puppetry) figures in [[Indonesian culture]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
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In [[Indonesia]], in [[Javanese people|Javanese]] [[wayang]] culture, Abhimanyu ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Abimanyu&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) is an important figure. His figure in [[Indonesian culture|Indonesian]] - [[Javanese culture]], has developed and is different from the version in India.&lt;br /&gt;
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In the wayang, Abimanyu is told as a character who is gentle, well-behaved, honest, firm-hearted, responsible, and brave. He is also known as Angkawijaya, Jaya Murcita, Jaka Pengalasan, Partasuta, Kirityatmaja, Sumbadraatmaja, Wanudara and Wirabatana. In this version of story, he has 13 other siblings, possesses two divine revelations — &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hidayat&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, which can make him understand everything, and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Makutha Raja&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, gained because of his solemn asceticism. He is taught military by his father (Arjuna) directly, while he got mysticism from his grandfather, Bagawan Abiyasa. Abimanyu lived in the Palangkawati knighthood after defeating Prabu Jayamurcita. His wives are Dewi Siti Sundari, daughter of Prabu Kresna, king of the Dwarawati state with Dewi Pratiwi. The story of Abimanyu&amp;#039;s marriage to Siti Sundari was performed in a leather puppet show with the title Alap-Alapan Siti Sundari or Jaya Murcita Ngraman. Dewi Utari, daughter of King Matsyapati and Dewi Ni Yutisnawati, from the country of Wirata, and the son of Parikesit. The story of Abimanyu&amp;#039;s marriage to Utari was performed in a wayang kulit stage with the title Putu Rabi Nini or Kalabendana Gugur.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:Laksmana Kumara shoots arrows at Abimanyu, and Burisrawa aims at him with a discus. Mredah fights Sangut, Or. 3390 178.tiff|thumb|Laksmana Kumara shoots arrows at Abimanyu]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Death of Abhimanyu.jpg|thumb|The Death of Abimanyu, a painting at the Neka Art Museum in [[Ubud]], [[Bali]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
Abimanyu died in Baratayuda, the battle between the Kauravas against the Pandavas in the Kurukshetra field. At that time, only three knights from the Pandavas were on the battlefield and mastered the war strategy, namely Bhima, Arjuna, and Abimanyu.  Ghatotkacha left because Karna stretched out Kunta Wijayadanu&amp;#039;s weapon.  Other knights lured Bima and Arjuna from the Kauravas to get out of the battlefield, so Abimanyu was the only one that the Pandavas relied on at that time.&lt;br /&gt;
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After all his brothers died, Abimanyu forgot to set up the battle formation.  He advanced alone into the middle of the Kauravas line and was trapped in the deadly formation his enemy had set up. The Kauravas rained weapons on Abimanyu&amp;#039;s body until Abimanyu fell and fell from his horse—in the wayang, the wounds of charcoal from the basket are depicted (a lot of them).  Abimanyu looks like a hedgehog because of the various weapons stuck in his body. According to the story, the incident was a risk of taking an oath when proposing to Dewi Utari. Abimanyu once swore that he was still single and stated that if he took a perjury oath, he was ready to die being beaten and impaled by various weapons of his enemies. Abimanyu took a perjury oath because, at that time, he had already married Dewi Siti Sundari.&lt;br /&gt;
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With various weapons stuck all over his body, Abimanyu could no longer walk.  However, Abimanyu did not give up. He even managed to kill the future crown prince of Astina, namely Lesmana Mandrakumara, son of Prabu Duryodana, by throwing the Pulanggeni kris after penetrating the bodies of four other soldiers. At that time, the Kauravas knew that killing Abimanyu required cutting off the langsang in his chest. In the end, Abimanyu was killed by the mace of Kyai Glinggang or Galih Asem belonging to Jayadrata, a knight from Banakeling.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mGrVCgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;q=abimanyu+budaya+tokoh|author= Sri Guritno, Purnomo, Soimun HP|title= Karakter Tokoh Pewayangan Mahabrata Seri v| date= 2002}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=GqhdDwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;q=abimanyu+budaya+tokoh| author= Agus Kurniawan | title= Mengenal Tokoh Wayang: Belajar Mengenal Tokoh Wayang Kulit &amp;quot;Seri A&amp;quot;}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5q8DEAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;q=abimanyu+budaya+tokoh&amp;amp;pg=PT174 |title= Tokoh Wayang Inspiratif| date=|last1= Amrih|first1= Pitoyo}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==In popular culture==&lt;br /&gt;
In 1974, a base named INS Abhimanyu was established symbolizing the character of Abhimanyu. On 1 May 1980, the Premier Chariot Base in [[Mumbai]] was commissioned as the permanent base for the unit.  The Indian Maritime Special Forces (IMSF) is based with INS Abhimanyu.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com/elite-special-forces/indian-elite-special-forces/indian-navy-marine-commandos-marcos/|title=Indian Navy Marine Commandos (MARCOS)|date=10 February 2017|website=Boot Camp &amp;amp; Military Fitness Institute|language=en-GB|access-date=30 August 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:4&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-abhimanyu|title=INS Abhimanyu {{!}} Indian Navy|website=www.indiannavy.nic.in|access-date=8 September 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In media adaptations, Abhimanyu has been portrayed by actors such as [[Ashok Kumar]] in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Uttara Abhimanyu|Uttara Abhimanyu (1946 film)]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, S. M. Kumaresan in Tamil &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Abhimanyu (1948 film)]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] and [[Gemini Ganesan]] in the Telugu and Tamil film version of the film &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Mayabazar]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1957) respectively,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-10 |title=Revisiting Mayabazar: How the opening scene sets the tone for this classic about two princes and a mischievous God|url=https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/revisiting-mayabazar-how-the-opening-scene-sets-the-tone-for-this-classic-about-two-princes-and-a-mischievous-god-9180341.html |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] in the Telugu Film [[Daana Veera Soora Karna]] (1977), Mayur Verma in [[B. R. Chopra]]&amp;#039;s &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Mahabharat (1988 TV series)]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Anuj Sharma in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Krishna (TV series)]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, [[Paras Arora]] in [[StarPlus|Star plus]]&amp;#039;s &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |last=varma |first=lipika |date=2014-05-06 |title=Abhimanyu in Mahabharat will be loved: Paras Arora |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140506/entertainment-tvmusic/article/abhimanyu-mahabharat-will-be-loved-paras-arora |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Meghan Jadhav]] in [[Sony Entertainment Television|SET]]&amp;#039;s series &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Suryaputra Karn]]a&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, and [[Nikhil Kumar (actor)|Nikhil Kumar]] in Kannada movie &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Kurukshetra (2019 film)|Kurukshetra (2019)]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=Kurukshetra will be epic, says Nikhil Kumar |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/oct/20/kurukshetra-will-be-epic-says-nikhil-kumar-1678847.html |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=The New Indian Express}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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== Notes ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{notelist}}&lt;br /&gt;
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== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
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== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Commons category-inline}}&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Mahabharata}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Authority control}}&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:People of the Kurukshetra War]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jamesharrey</name></author>
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