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{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Adimakal<br />
| image = Adimakal 1969.jpg<br />
| caption = Poster<br />
| director = [[K. S. Sethumadhavan]]<br />
| producer = M. O. Joseph<br />
| screenplay = [[Thoppil Bhasi]]<br />
| based_on = {{based on|''Adimakal''|[[Pamman]]}}<br />
| starring = [[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]] <br />[[Prem Nazir]]<br />[[Sheela]]<br />[[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]]<br />
| music = [[G. Devarajan]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Melli Irani]]<br />
| editing = M. S. Mani<br />
| studio = Manjilas<br />
| distributor = Manjilas<br />
| released = {{Film date|1969|04|05|df=y}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| runtime = 145 min<br />
}}<br />
'''''Adimakal''''' ({{translation|Slaves}}) is a 1969 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film, directed by [[K. S. Sethumadhavan]] and produced by M. O. Joseph. The film stars [[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]], [[Prem Nazir]], [[Sheela]] and [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]]. The film had musical score and songs composed by [[G. Devarajan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=297 |title=Adimakal |publisher=MalayalaChalachithram |access-date=2014-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?2774 |title=Adimakal |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316211135/http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?2774 |archive-date=16 March 2015 |access-date=2014-10-14}}</ref> It won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam]]. The film is based on the novel of the same name by [[Pamman]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/adimakal-1969/article2076714.ece |title=ADIMAKAL 1969 |last=Vijayakumar |first=B. |date=2011-06-05 |work=The Hindu |access-date=2019-07-03 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The film was remade in Hindi as ''Intezar'' (1973) in Telugu as ''[[Chilakamma Cheppindi]]'' (1977) and in Tamil as ''[[Nizhal Nijamagiradhu]]'' (1978).<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1120586153776705537|user=NFAIOfficial|title=#Adaptation Take a look at posters...|date=23 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/superstar-rajinikanth-and-kamal-haasan-played-same-character-in-telugu-and-tamil-version-of-malayalam-film-adimakal-kannada-news-219001|title=Blast from past! Rajini and Kamal played the same character of a film - Kannada News|date=13 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
<br />
Ponnama is a pretty young girl who goes to work as a live-in maid with a family consisting of a brother, Ananthan, and a sister, Saraswathyamma. Saraswathyamma is very religious and spends most of her time in prayers and rituals. Also working in the house is Raghavan, a.k.a. Pottan, so called, because he cannot hear properly. Potten loves Ponnamma, but she treats him like a friend. Ponnamma and Ananthan become close, and Ponnamma becomes pregnant. Ananthan refuses to accept the baby as his and asks her to not reveal that he is the father. Ponnamma doesn't tell anyone who the father of her child is. The only person she trusts is Appukuttan, a bank employee who likes Saraswathyamma. Saraswathyamma likes Appukuttan but religiosity comes in the way of accepting his love and she rebuffs his affections.<br />
<br />
Saraswathyamma sends Ponnamma to live with Raghavan as she cannot keep an unmarried pregnant girl in the house due to societal pressures. Ponamma delivers a baby girl. Raghavan treats the baby as his own child, but Ponnamma still has no romantic feelings toward him. Ponnama's mother disowns her when he hears of her pregnancy. Meanwhile, Saraswathyamma realizes the folly of blind devotion when she finds out the swami she was following was a lecherous man.<br />
<br />
Appukuttan finally reveals to Saraswathiamma who is the birth father of the baby. Saraswathiamma, Appukuttan, and Ananthan go to Raghu's house to get Ponnamma back home to marry Ananthan. But Ponnamma refuses. She has seen Raghavan's unconditional acceptance, and love and care for the baby. She feels he is her baby's deserved father. Everyone accepts her verdict, and Appukuttan prepares to leave town due to a job transfer. He is surprised to see a changed Saraswathiamma, who requests she goes with him to live as husband and wife.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
*[[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]] as Appukkuttan<br />
*[[Prem Nazir]] as Raghavan<br />
*[[Sheela]] as Saraswathyamma<br />
*[[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] as Ponnamma<br />
*[[Adoor Bhasi]] as Giridhara Yogi/Naanu Kurup<br />
*Ammini<br />
*[[Sankaradi]] as Shanku Ammavan<br />
*[[Jesey]] as Anandan<br />
*[[Adoor Bhavani]] as Karthiyayini<br />
*Baby Kumudam as Vilasini<br />
*[[Bahadoor]] as Bhargavan<br />
*[[Kumari Padmini]] as Meenakshi<br />
*Kuttan Pillai<br />
*[[N. Govindankutty]] as Pachu Kurup<br />
*[[Paravoor Bharathan]] as Unnithan<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The music was composed by [[G. Devarajan]] and the lyrics were written by [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] and Jayadevar. The devotional number ‘Chethi mandaram thulasi...' ([[P. Susheela]]) was elevated to the status of a prayer song. ‘Thaazhampoo manamulla thanuppulla...' ([[A. M. Rajah]]) was another hit and one of the singer's best in the language. The other hits include ‘Manaseswari maappu tharoo...' (Raja), ‘Indumukhi ..... ([[P. Jayachandran]]), and the chorus ‘Narayanam bhaje...' led by [[P. Jayachandran]]. A few verses ‘Lalitha lavanga Latha...' from [[Jayadeva]]'s ‘Geeta Govindam' rendered by [[P. Leela]] was also a hit.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/adimakal-1969/article2076714.ece |title=ADIMAKAL 1969 |last=Vijayakumar |first=B. |date=2011-06-05 |work=The Hindu |access-date=2019-07-03 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || "Chethi Mandaaram Thulasi" || [[P. Susheela]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || 03:05<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || "Indumukhi" || [[P. Jayachandran]] || Vayalar Ramavarma || 02:53<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || "Lalithalavanga" || [[P. Leela]] || Jayadevar || 03:22<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || "Maanaseshwari" || [[A. M. Rajah]] || Vayalar Ramavarma || 03:00<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || "Naarayanam Bhaje" || P. Jayachandran, Chorus, Paramasivan Bhagavathar || [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu]] || 03:02<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || "Thaazhampoo Manamulla" || A. M. Rajah || Vayalar Ramavarma || 03:29<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "With a little more care in scripting and editing, Manjila's ''Adimakal'' (Slaves) would have aptly ended there, but sometimes, even our best film-makers do not know when and where to stop. There are a few other irrelevant scenes which, if chopped off would help this Malayalam film gain in tempo and appeal."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19690405&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Absorbing drama |date=5 April 1969 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |page=5}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Malayalam]] won by [[M. O. Joseph]] (1969)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ&q=1969+M.O.Joseph|title = Collections|year = 1991}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0213429}}<br />
<br />
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Malayalam}}<br />
{{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Malayalam}}<br />
[[Category:1969 films]]<br />
[[Category:1969 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam films remade in other languages]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by K. S. Sethumadhavan]]<br />
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Thoppil Bhasi]]<br />
[[Category:Best Malayalam Feature Film National Film Award winners]]<br />
<br />
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{{1960s-Malayalam-film-stub}}</div>Mohit Kumar