2409:4064:2C97:2F0F:0:0:1008:2805 at 13:41, 24 July 2021

2021-07-24T13:41:44Z

New page

{{infobox government
| government_name = Administration in Bihar
| image = [[Image:Seal of Bihar.svg|100px]]
| caption = Seal of Bihar
| division_type = [[Seat of government|Seat of Government]]
| division = [[Patna]]
| leader_type = [[Governor (India)|Governor]]
| leader_title = [[Fagu Chauhan]]
| leader_type2 = [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]]
| leader_title2 = [[Nitish Kumar]]
| legislature_label = [[State legislative assemblies of India|Assembly]]
| legislature = {{ubl|[[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]|}}
| speaker_label = [[List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairmen|Speaker]]
| speaker = [[Vijay Kumar Sinha]]
| members_in_assembly_label = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members in Assembly]]
| members_in_assembly = 243
| legislative_council_label = [[State legislative councils of India|Council]]
| legislative_council = Bihar Legislative Council
| chairman_label = [[List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairmen|Chairman]]
| chairman = [[Awadhesh Narain Singh]]
| members_in_council_label = [[Member of the Legislative Council (India)|Members in Council]]
| members_in_council = 75
| branch4 = [[Judiciary of India|Judiciary]]
| court_name = [[High courts of India|High Court]]
| court = Patna High Court
| chief_justice_label = [[List of current Indian chief justices|Chief Justice]]
| chief_justice = Justice [[Shri Sanjay Karol]]
}}
[[Bihar]] is a [[States of India|state]] situated in [[Eastern India]]. It is surrounded by [[West Bengal]] to the east, [[Uttar Pradesh]] to the west, [[Jharkhand]] to the south and [[Nepal]] to the north.

==History==
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 270
| caption_align = center
| align = right
| image1 = BengalPartition1905 Map.png
| caption1 = [[Bihar]] as part of [[Bengal Presidency]] (1776-1912)[Note 1]
| image2 = Bihar and Orissa province.jpg
| caption2 = [[Bihar and Orissa Province]] (1912-1936)
| image3 = Bihār. 7-69. LOC gm70003327.jpg
| caption3 = [[Bihar Province]] (Pre-independence ) [[Bihar Jharkhand bifurcation|Bihar State]] (Post-independence ) 1936-2000
| image4 = Bihar locator map.svg
| caption4 = [[Bihar]] after [[Bihar Jharkhand bifurcation]] post 2011
| header = Recent History of Administrative of structure [[Bihar]]
| header_background = Silver
| footer = '''[Note 1] ''' ''': '''1905 map of [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| footer_background = Silver
}}

[[Magadha]], [[Anga]] and [[Vajji]]an Confederacy of Mithila, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 600 BCE.

=== Bengal Presidency ===
Before 1905, Bihar was a part of [[British East India Company]]'s [[Bengal Presidency]]. In 1905 the Bengal Presidency was divided and created two new provinces: East Bengal and West Bengal. Until then Bihar was part of West Bengal. Again West Bengal and East Bengal reunited in 1911 but the people of Bihar and Orrisa demanded a separate province based on language rather than religion. In 1912 Bihar and Orissa Province was created separating from Bengal Presidency. In 1936, Bihar and Orrisa Province divided into two new provinces: Bihar Province and Orissa Province.

===Bihar and Orissa Province===
Following [[Divisions of Bihar|Divisions]] were included in Bihar and Orissa Province when it separated from [[Bengal Presidency]] in 1912:

*[[Bhagalpur Division]] (districts of Bhagalpur, Munger (Monghyr), Purnea and the Sonthal Parganas)
*[[Patna Division]] (Gaya, Patna and Shahabad)
*[[Tirhut Division]] (Champaran, Darbhanga, Muaffarpur and Saran)
*[[Chota Nagpur Division]] (Hazaribagh, Manbhum, Palamau, Ranchi and Singhbhum)
*[[Orissa Division]] (Angul, Balasore, Cuttack, Puri and Sambatpur)

On 1 April 1936 Bihar and Orissa Province was divided into two new provinces: Bihar Province and [[Orissa Province]]

=== Bihar Province ===
In 1936, Bihar became a separate province including part of [[Jharkhand]].

After the independence of India in 1951, Bihar including Jharkhand had 18 divisions, and had 55 districts in 1991.

===Bihar===
In 2000, Bihar again divided into two states: the current Bihar and Jharkhand. In 2001 Bihar had a total of 38 districts.

== Administrative structure ==

=== Structure ===
{| class="infobox" style="width:22em"
|+ [[Administrative division]]s
! [[Divisions of Bihar|Divisions]]
| 9
|-
! [[List of districts of Bihar|Districts]]
| 38
|-
! [[Subdivisions of Bihar|Subdivisions]]
| 101
|-
! [[List of cities in Bihar by population|Cities and towns]]
| 207
|-
! [[Blocks in Bihar|Blocks]]
| 534
|-
! [[Lists of villages in Bihar|Villages]]
| 45,103
|-
! [[Panchayati raj|Panchayat]]s
| 8,406
|-
! Police Districts
| 43
|-
! Police Stations
| 1064
|}
{{Administrative structure of Bihar}}

===Divisions and Districts===
{{Further|Divisions of Bihar|List of districts of Bihar}}
There are 38 districts in Bihar, grouped into 9 divisions —[[Patna Division|Patna]], [[Tirhut Division|Tirhut]], [[Saran Division|Saran]], [[Darbhanga Division|Darbhanga]], [[Kosi Division|Kosi]], [[Purnia Division|Purnia]], [[Bhagalpur Division|Bhagalpur]], [[Munger Division|Munger]] and [[Magadh Division|Magadh]] —are as listed below.{{Divisions and Districts of Bihar}}

===Sub-divisions===
{{Further|Subdivisions of Bihar}}
Sub-divisions (Anumandal) in Bihar are like [[sub-district]]s. There are 101 subdivisions in Bihar.

===Blocks===
{{Split section |List of blocks in Bihar|discuss={{TALKPAGENAME}}#Split proposed |date=June 2018}}
{{main category|Community development blocks in Bihar}}
The Indian state of Bihar is divided into 534 CD Block called [[Community development block in India|blocks]].<ref name="state profile">{{cite web|title=State Profile|url=http://www.gov.bih.nic.in/Profile/default.htm|publisher=[[Government of Bihar]]|access-date=6 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706135323/http://gov.bih.nic.in/Profile/default.htm|archive-date=6 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dse.bih.nic.in/BSS%20contact.pdf|title=534 Bihar Blocks list|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828192803/http://dse.bih.nic.in/BSS%20contact.pdf|archive-date=2017-08-28}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"
! District !! Block
|-
| [[Gaya district|Gaya]] || [[Gurua]]
|-
| [[Gaya district|Gaya]] || [[Konch (community development block)|Konch]]
|-
| [[Gaya district|Gaya]] || [[Manpur, Bihar|Manpur]]
|-
| [[Gaya district|Gaya]] || [[Paraiya]]
|-
| [[Gaya district|Gaya]] || [[BankeBazar (community development block)|BankeBazar]]
|-
| [[Gaya district|Gaya]] || [[Imamganj (community development block)|Imamganj]]
|-
| [[Gaya district|Gaya]] || [[Dumariya (community development block)|Dumariya]]
|-
| [[Gaya district|Gaya]] || [[Barachatti (community development block)|Barachatti]]
|-
| [[Gaya district|Gaya]] || [[wazirganj (community development block)|wazirganj]]
|-
| [[Gaya district|Gaya]] || [[Sherghati (community development block)|Sherghati]]
|-
| [[Gaya district|Gaya]] || [[Tekari (community development block)|Tekari]]
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"
! District !! Block
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Andar, Siwan|Andar]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Barharia]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Basantpur, Siwan|Basantpur]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Bhagwanpur Hat]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Darauli]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Daraundha]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Goriakothi]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Guthani]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Hasanpura]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Hussainganj, Siwan]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Lakri Nabiganj]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Maharajganj (community development block)|Maharajganj]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Mairwa (community development block)|Mairwa]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Nautan]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Panchrukhi]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Raghunathpur, Siwan]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Siswan]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Siwan (community development block)|Siwan]]
|-
| [[Siwan district|Siwan]] || [[Ziradei]]
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"
! District !! Block
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Bhagwanpur (community development block)|Bhagwanpur]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Bidupur]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Chehrakala]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Desari]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Goraul]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Hajipur (community development block)|Hajipur]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Jandaha]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Lalganj (community development block)|Lalganj]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Mahnar]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Mahua (community development block)|Mahua]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Patedhi Belsar]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Patepur]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Raghopur, Vaishali]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Rajapakar]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Sahdei Buzurg]]
|-
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] || [[Vaishali (community development block)|Vaishali]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!District
!Block
|-
|[[Begusarai district|Begusarai]]
|[[Chhourahi (community development block)|Chhourahi]]
|-
|[[Begusarai district|Begusarai]]
|[[:hi:बलिया प्रखण्ड (बेगूसराय)|Balia]]
|-
|[[Begusarai district|Begusarai]]
|[[Mansurchak Block|Mansurchak]]
|-
|[[Gopalganj district, India|Gopalganj]]
|[[Kuchaikote (community development block)|Kuchaikote]]
|-
|[[Jehanabad district|Jehanabad]]
|[[Hulasganj]]
|-
|[[Purnia district|Purnia]]
|[[Bhawanipur (community development block)|Bhawanipur]]
|-
|[[Saran district|Saran]]
|[[Dariapur community development block|Dariapur]]
|-
|[[Saran district|Saran]]
|[[Sonpur community development block|Sonpur]]
|-
|[[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]]
|[[Majorganj (community development block)|Majorganj]]
|-
|[[Munger district|Munger]]
|[[Dharhara (community development block)|Dharhara]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarpur district|Muzaffarpur]]
|[[Sahebganj, Muzaffarpur|Sahebganj]]
|-
|[[Nawada district|Nawada]]
|[[Akbarpur (community development block)|Akbarpur]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!District
!Block
|-
|[[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]
|[[Alamnagar]]
|-
|[[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]
|[[Bihariganj (community development block)|Bihariganj]]
|-
|[[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]
|[[Chousa]]
|-
|[[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]
|[[Gamhariya (community development block)|Gamhariya]]
|-
|[[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]
|[[Ghelardh (community development block)|Ghelardh]]
|-
|[[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]
|[[Gwalpara]]
|-
|[[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]
|[[Kumarkhand (community development block)|Kumarkhand]]
|-
|[[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]
|[[Madhepura (community development block)|Madhepura]]
|-
|[[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]
|[[Murliganj (community development block)|Murliganj]]
|-
|[[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]
|[[Puraini (community development block)|Puraini]]
|-
|[[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]
|[[Shankarpur (community development block)|Shankarpur]]
|-
|[[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]
|[[Singheshwar (community development block)|Singheshwar]]
|-
|[[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]
|[[Udakishunganj (community development block)|Udakishunganj]]
|}

===Urban Local Government===
{{Further|List of cities in Bihar by population}}

==== Municipal Bodies ====
As per Census 2011, Bihar is the second least urbanised state in the country, with a rate of urbanisation of 11.3%, as compared to the national rate of 31.16%.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranjan|first=Sagarika|date=8 February 2016|title=The challenge of urbanizing Bihar|url=http://www.governancetoday.co.in/the-challenge-of-urbanizing-bihar/|access-date=24 August 2020|website=Governance Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Provisional Population Totals: Urban Agglomerations and Cities|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india2/1.%20data%20highlight.pdf|access-date=24 August 2020|website=Census India}}</ref> The state has 139 StatutoryTowns and 60 Census Towns.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Provisional Population Totals: Bihar|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/bihar/Provisional%20Population%20Totals%202011-Bihar.pdf|access-date=24 August 2020|website=Census India}}</ref>

For the administration of the urban areas, Bihar has 12 [[Municipal Corporation (India)|municipal corporations]], 49 [[nagar parishad]]s (city councils), and 80 [[nagar panchayat]]s (town councils).<ref>{{cite web|title=Bihar Civic elections likely in May 2017|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170330/jsp/bihar/story_143389.jsp#.WNziu7lMTcs|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331031251/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170330/jsp/bihar/story_143389.jsp#.WNziu7lMTcs|archive-date=31 March 2017|access-date=30 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Pandey|first=Ashutosh Kumar|date=20 March 2017|title=बिहार : नगर विकास एवं आवास विभाग की पहल, पुनर्गठन से नगर परिषदों की बढ़ जायेगी संख्या|language=hi|trans-title=Bihar: Initiatives of the Department of Urban Development and Housing, will increase the number of city councils by restructuring|newspaper=[[Prabhat Khabar]]|url=http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/reorganization-will-increase-the-number-of-city-councils/956843.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324174135/http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/reorganization-will-increase-the-number-of-city-councils/956843.html|archive-date=24 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=पहली बार कोई महिला बनेगी पटना नगर निगम की मेयर|trans-title=For the first time, a woman will become the mayor of Patna Municipal Corporation|url=http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/story/954291.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324175018/http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/story/954291.html|archive-date=24 March 2017|access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ward delimitation begins in Chhapra|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/ward-delimitation-begins-in-chhapra/articleshow/57299170.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227073049/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/ward-delimitation-begins-in-chhapra/articleshow/57299170.cms|archive-date=27 February 2017|access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=14 February 2017|title=छपरा को निगम बख्तियारपुर को मिला नगर परिषद का दर्जा|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-MAT-latest-patna-news-020501-2002341-NOR.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324181148/http://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-MAT-latest-patna-news-020501-2002341-NOR.html|archive-date=24 March 2017|access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Bihar has one municipal act to establish and govern all municipalities in the state: Bihar Municipal Act, 2007.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Bihar Municipal Act, 2007|url=http://urban.bih.nic.in/Acts/AR-01-29-03-2007.pdf|access-date=24 August 2020|website=Urban Development and Housing Department, Government of Bihar}}</ref>

As per a 2017 report by the [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]], Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Bihar carry out 12 out of 18 functions, and the remaining 6 are carried out by Bihar state government departments.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on Local Bodies for the year ended March 2016|url=https://cag.gov.in/sites/default/files/audit_report_files/Report_No.4_of_2017_-_Local_Bodies_Government_of_Bihar.pdf|access-date=24 August 2020|website=Comptroller and Auditor General of India}}</ref> The Fifth Bihar State Finance Commission report states that the ULB funds are ‘grossly inadequate for their assigned functions, they are unable to utilize even that’.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Final Report for 2015-20 of the Fifth State Finance Commission Bihar|url=http://finance.bih.nic.in/Documents/5th-SFC-Volume-I.pdf|access-date=24 August 2020|website=Finance Department, Government of Bihar}}</ref>

The Bihar Municipal Act, 2007 creates the following categories of urban areas based on their population. All three types of urban areas must have at least 75% of their population engaged in non-agricultural work.<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="3" |'''Types of Urban Areas according to the Bihar Municipal Act, 2007'''
|-
|'''Type'''
|'''Population Criteria'''
|'''Type of Local Body'''
|-
|City
|Larger urban area: 2 lakh or more
|[[Municipal Corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|Town
|Medium urban area: 40 thousand or more but less than 2 lakh
|[[Municipal Council (India)|Municipal Council]]
|-
|Small Town or Transitional Area
|12 thousand and more

but less than 40 thousand
|[[Nagar panchayat|Nagar Panchayat]]
|}
Further, depending on the population size, the Act prescribes the minimum and maximum number of councillors/wards allowed within each type of local government.
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="4" |'''Minimum and Maximum number of Councillors/Wards Allowed according to the Bihar Municipal Act, 2007'''
|-
|'''Population Range'''
|'''Minimum'''
|'''Incremental Number'''
|'''Maximum'''
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Municipal Corporations'''
|-
|Above 10 lakh
|67
|One additional Councillor for every 75,000 above 10

lakh
|75
|-
|Above 5 lakh up to 10 lakh
|57
|One additional Councillor for every 50,000 above 5

lakh
|67
|-
|Above 2 lakh up to 5 lakh
|45
|One additional Councillor for every 25,000 above 2

lakh
|57
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Municipal Council'''
|-
|Class 'A' Municipal Council
|42
|One additional Councillor for every 15,000 above

1,50,000
|45
|-
|Class 'B' Municipal Council
|37
|One additional Councillor for every 10,000 above 1

lakh
|42
|-
|Class 'C' Municipal Council
|25
|One additional Councillor for every 5,000 above

40, 000
|37
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Nagar Panchayat'''
|-
|Nagar Panchayat
|10
|One additional Member for every 2,000 above 12,000
|25
|}
The Act mentions the following key positions as well as committees for ULBs:
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Elected Officials'''
|'''Administrative Officials'''
|'''Committees'''
|-
|Councillor, Chief Councillor, Deputy Chief Councillor
|Municipal Commissioner, Controller of Municipal Finances and Accounts, Municipal Internal Auditor, Chief Municipal Engineer, Municipal Architect and Town Planner, Chief Municipal Health Officer, Municipal Law Officer, Municipal Secretary, three Additional Municipal commissioners

Such number of Joint Municipal Commissioners or Deputy Municipal Commissioners or Deputy Chief Municipal Engineers as the Empowered Standing Committee may, from time to time, determine,
|Empowered Standing Committee, Joint Committee, Municipal Accounts Committee, Subject Committee, Ward Committee, Wards Committee
|}

====Ward Committees====
Bihar Municipal Act, 2007 mandates the establishment of Ward Committees through the Bihar Urban Local Body (Community Participation) Rules, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bihar Urban Local Body (Community Participation) Rules, 2013|url=http://www.bareactslive.com/BIH/bh543.htm|access-date=24 August 2020|website=Bare Acts Live}}</ref> Section 31 of the Bihar Municipal Act, 2007 mandates the establishment of Ward Committees for each ward of a municipality.<ref name=":0" /> The ward level elected councillor would be the chairperson of their respective Ward Committee. Up to 10 representatives from the civil society belonging to the ward would be nominated into the committee by the ULB.

Even though the creation of ward committees is mandated in municipalities, they have not been formed in Bihar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Consultation on Urban Governance: Key Findings from 21 States|url=https://www.praja.org/praja_docs/praja_downloads/National%20Consultation%20On%20Urban%20Governance-%20Key%20Finding%20From%2021%20States.pdf|access-date=24 August 2020|website=Praja}}</ref>

==Government==
{{Main|Government of Bihar}}
Like other [[States and territories of India|states in India]], the head of state of Bihar is the [[Governor]], appointed by the [[President of India]] on the advice of the [[Government of India|central government]]. His or her post is largely ceremonial. The [[Chief Minister]] is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. [[Patna]] is the [[Capital (political)|capital]] of Bihar.

The [[Patna High Court]], located in Patna, has jurisdiction over the whole state. The present legislative structure of Bihar is [[bicameral]]. The [[Legislative]] houses are the [[Bihar Vidhan Sabha]] ([[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]) and [[Bihar Vidhan Parishad]] ([[Bihar Legislative Council]]). Their normal term is five years, unless dissolved earlier.

=== Legislature ===
{{main|Bihar Vidhan Parishad|Bihar Vidhan Sabha}}
{{See also|Vidhan Parishad|Vidhan Sabha}}

Bihar is one of the six states where bicameral legislature exists. Other [[States and territories of India|states]] are [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra Vidhan Parishad|Maharashtra]], [[Telangana]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The [[Vidhan Parishad]] serves as the upper house and [[Vidhan Sabha]] serves as the lower house of a bicameral legislature. The current strength of the [[Bihar Vidhan Parishad]] is '''75''' (63 Elected + 12 Nominated) is a permanent body. The current strength of the [[Bihar Vidhan Parishad]] is 243 and is not a permanent body which means it is subject to dissolution.

===Judiciary ===
{{See also|Judiciary of India}}

==== High court ====
{{See also|High courts of India}}
The [[Patna High Court]] ({{lang-hi|पटना उच्च न्यायालय}}) is the [[High Courts of India|High Court]] of the [[Indian state|state]] of [[Bihar]] and was established on 9 February 1916 and later affiliated under the [[Government of India Act 1915]]. The [[Patna High Court]] is the principle civil courts in [[Bihar]]. However, a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of pecuniary, territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters, if so designated especially in a state or federal law. The [[Patna High Court]] has 53 Judges which includes 40 permanent and 13 additional judges.

====City Courts====
{{Empty section|date=February 2011}}

==See also==
*[[Administration in India]]
*[[Government of Bihar]]
*[[Divisions of Bihar]]
*[[Districts in Bihar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130518065509/http://bihar.nic.in/ Official government website]
{{Government of India by state or territory}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Administration In Bihar}}
[[Category:Government of Bihar]]

Administration in Bihar - Revision history

2409:4064:2C97:2F0F:0:0:1008:2805 at 13:41, 24 July 2021