Ajay Kumar at 18:23, 5 September 2023

2023-09-05T18:23:31Z

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'''Agrarian reform''' can refer either, narrowly, to government-initiated or government-backed redistribution of [[agricultural land]] (see [[land reform]]) or, broadly, to an overall redirection of the [[agrarian system]] of the country, which often includes land reform measures. Agrarian reform can include [[credit (finance)|credit]] measures, training, [[agricultural extension|extension]], [[land consolidation]]s, etc. The [[World Bank]] evaluates agrarian reform using five dimensions: (1) stocks and market liberalization, (2) land reform (including the development of land markets), (3) agro-processing and input supply channels, (4) urban finance, (5) market institutions.<ref>Csaba Csaki and John Nash, ''The Agrarian Economies of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States'', World Bank Discussion Paper 387, Washington, DC, 1998. https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/0-8213-4238-X#</ref>

The United Nations thesaurus sees agrarian reform as a component of agricultural economics and policy, with a specific impact on rural sociology, and broader than land reform, describing agrarian reform as:<blockquote>Reforms covering all aspects of agrarian institutions, including land reform, production and supporting services structure, public administration in rural areas, rural social welfare and educational institutions, etc.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agrarian reform|url=http://metadata.un.org/thesaurus/1000120?lang=en|access-date=21 June 2020|website=UNBIS Thesaurus}}</ref></blockquote>Cousins defines the difference between agrarian reform and land reform as follows:
<blockquote>Land reform… is concerned with rights in land, and their character, strength and distribution, while… [agrarian reform] focuses not only on these but also a broader set of issues: the class character of the relations of production and distribution in farming and related enterprises, and how these connect to the wider class structure. It is thus concerned economic and political power and the relations between them…<ref>Ben Cousins, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070315151828/http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids/aboutids/Seminarseries2005/cousin.pdf Agrarian reform and the 'two economies': transforming South Africa's countryside], draft of Chapter 9 in Ruth Hall and Lungisile Ntsebeza, eds., ''The Land Question in South Africa: The Challenge of Transformation and Redistribution'', HSRC Press, Cape Town, South Africa (2007).</ref></blockquote>Along similar lines, a 2003 [[World Bank]] report states,<blockquote>…A key precondition for land reform to be feasible and effective in improving beneficiaries' livelihoods is that such programs fit into a broader policy aimed at reducing poverty and establishing a favourable environment for the development of productive [[smallholding|smallholder]] agriculture by beneficiaries.<ref>World Bank, ''Land Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction'', World Bank and Oxford University Press, 2003. Quoted in Cousins, ''op. cit.'', p. 11.</ref></blockquote>

Examples of other issues include "[[tenure]] security" for "farm workers, labour tenants, … farm dwellers… [and] tenant peasants", which makes these workers and tenants better prospects for receiving private-sector loans;<ref>Cousins, ''op. cit.'', p.4–5, 7, 10–11</ref>
"infrastructure and support services";<ref>Cousins, ''op. cit.'', p.12</ref>
government support of "forms of rural enterprise" that are "complementary" to agriculture;<ref name="Cousins, op. cit., p.14">Cousins, ''op. cit.'', p.14</ref>
and increased community participation of government decisions in rural areas.<ref name="Cousins, op. cit., p.14"/>

==See also==
*[[Agrarian law]]
*[[Agribusiness]]
*[[Committee on Sustainability Assessment]] (COSA)
*[[Food security]]
*[[Food sovereignty]]
*[[Land reform]]
*[[Land reforms by country]]
*[[Tiberius Gracchus]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.democracynow.org/2010/8/24/report_global_food_security_and_sovereignty Global Food Security Threatened by Corporate Land Grabs in Poor Countries] - video report by ''[[Democracy Now!]]''
*Springer, S. 2012. [https://archive.today/20121212025859/http://uvic.academia.edu/SimonSpringer/Papers/1564152/Illegal_evictions_Overwriting_possession_and_orality_with_laws_violence_in_Cambodia] "Illegal evictions? Overwriting possession and orality with law’s violence in Cambodia."]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Journal of Agrarian Change, vol, 13, no. 4, pp. 520–546, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2012.00368.x

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Agrarian Reform}}
[[Category:Agrarian politics]]
[[Category:Land reform]]

[[pt:Reforma agrária]]

Agrarian reform - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 18:23, 5 September 2023