https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Akkana_BasadiAkkana Basadi - Revision history2026-07-31T20:02:01ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Akkana_Basadi&diff=181297&oldid=prev>Pratyk321 at 04:51, 20 July 20212021-07-20T04:51:25Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{short description|Ancient Jain temple at Shravanbelgola}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox religious building<br />
| religious_affiliation = [[Jainism]]<br />
| image = View of Akkana Basadi from northeastern side at Shravanabelagola.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Akkana Basadi at Shravanabelagola town<br />
| location = [[Shravanabelagola]], [[Hassan District]], [[Karnataka]]<br />
| map_type = <br />
| map_alt = Karnataka<br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|12|51|31.84|N|76|29|20.61|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| creator = Achala Devi<br />
| established = 1181 A.D.<br />
| festival = [[Mahavir Jayanti]]<br />
| deity = [[Parshwanath]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Akkana Basadi''' (''lit'', temple of the "elder sister", basadi is also pronounced ''basti'') is a Jain temple built in 1181 A.D., during the rule of [[Hoysala empire]] King [[Veera Ballala II]]. The [[basadi]] was constructed by the devout Jain lady Achiyakka (also called Achala Devi), wife of Chandramouli, a Brahmin minister in the court of the Hoysala king. The main deity of the temple is the twenty-third Jain [[Tirthankar]] [[Parshwanath]].<ref name="deity">Jain and Jain (1953), p.37</ref><ref name="akka1">{{cite web |url=http://asibengalurucircle.org/hassan-16.html|title=Akkana Basti|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle |publisher=ASI Bengaluru Circle|access-date=3 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="grant">B.L. Rice (1889), p.57 (Chapter:Introduction)</ref> The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref name="protected">{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_karnataka_bangalore.asp|title=Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts|access-date=5 April 2013}}</ref> It is part of a Archaeological Survey of India ''Adarsh Smarak Monument'' along with other temples in the [[Shravanabelagola group of monuments]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://asibengalurucircle.in/adarsh-smarak-monuments | title=Adarsh Smarak Monument | publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] | access-date=19 July 2021 }}</ref><br />
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==Temple plan==<br />
[[File:Rear view of Akkana Basadi from south west.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Rear view of Akkana Basadi at Shravanabelagola]]<br />
[[File:Tower over the shrine with Jain saints under kirtimukha relief in the Akkana Basadi at Shravanabelagola.JPG|thumb|upright|Kirtimukha relief on ''[[vesara]]'' ''[[shikhara]]'' (tower over shrine) at Akkana Basadi in Shravanabelagola]]<br />
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According to art historian [[Adam Hardy]], the basadi is a simple single shrine with superstructure (''ekakuta vimana''<ref name="kuta">Foekema (1996), p.25</ref>) construction with a closed hall (''[[mantapa]]''). The material used is [[Soap stone]].<ref name="vimana">Hardy (1996), p.343</ref> The sanctum (''[[garbhagriha]]'') that houses the standing image of [[Parshvanatha|Tirthankara Parshwanatha]] (under a seven headed snake canopy) connects to the hall via an [[antechamber]] ([[Vestibule (architecture)|vestibule]] or ''sukanasi''). From the outside, the entrance to the hall is through a [[porch]] whose [[awning]] is supported by lathe turned half pillars. According to art historians Percy Brown and Gerard Foekema, all these features are commonly found in Hoysala temples.<ref name="common">Brown in Kamath (2001), pp.134-135</ref><ref name="common1">Foekema (1996), pp.21-25</ref> According to historian Kamath, the use of Soap stone as basic building material was a technique the Hoysalas adopted from the predecessors, the Western Chalukyas.<ref name="adopt">Kamath (2001), p.136</ref> The temple which faces east is enclosed with in a bounding wall (''[[prakara]]''), while the entrance is from the south. Typical of a Jain basadi, the outer walls of the temple are plain, giving it an austere outlook. The temple stands on a base (''[[adhisthana]]'') that comprises five [[molding (architecture)|moldings]].<ref name="akka1"/><br />
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The tower over the shrine (''[[shikhara]]'') is plain. However, on a projection on the east side is a panel sculpture in relief that depicts a saint with his attendants (''[[yaksha]]'', the benevolent spirits) on either side and a ''[[Kirtimukha]]'' (imaginary beast) over his head. This is a work of merit. The tower comprises three tiers, each ascending tier diminishing in height. Above the third tier is a dome like structure. This is the largest sculptural piece in the temple with a ground surface area of about 2x2 meters (''amalaka'', "helmet" like structure). The shape of the dome usually follows that of the shrine (square or star shape).<ref name="dome">Foekema (1996), p.27</ref> The vestibule also has a short tower which looks like an extension of the main tower over the shrine. Gerard Foekema calls it the "nose" of the main tower.<ref name="suka">Foekema (1996), p.22</ref> The vestibule contains two free sculptures of the ''yakshas'', Dharnendra and Padmavati. The door lintel and jamb of vestibule and the sanctum are decorative and have perforated screens on either side. The hall ceiling is supported by four centrally placed large lathe turned, bell shaped and polished pillars that divide the ceiling into nine "bays". The bay ceilings are rich in relief.<ref name="akka1"/><ref name="suka"/><br />
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==Gallery==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Closed mantapa in the Akkana Basadi (1181 A.D.) at Shravanabelagola.jpg|Ornate closed ''mantapa'' whose ceiling is supported by lathe turned bell shaped pillars<br />
File:Decorative ceiling inside the Akkana Basadi at Shravanabelagola.jpg|Decorative "bay" ceiling in Akkana Basadi<br />
File:Ceiling art in the mantapa of Akkana Basadi at Shravanabelagola 1.JPG|Decorative bay ceiling <br />
File:Old_Kannada_inscription_dated_1182_A.D._at_the_Akkana_Basadi_in_Shravanebelagola.jpg|Old Kannada grant inscription (1182 A.D.) of King Veera Ballala II, at the request of Achiyakka, wife of minister Chandramouli<br />
File:Entrance to Akkana Basadi mantapa at Shravanebelagola.jpg|Porch entrance to Akkana Basad with the awning supported by half pillars with old Kannada inscription on the side.<br />
File:Image of Jain Tirthankar Parshwanath at Akkana Basadi in Shravanabelagola.jpg|5 feet tall idol of the 23rd Tirthankar Parshwanath standing under a seven headed snake<br />
File:Intricate relief on pillar at Akkana Basadi.jpg|Intricate relief on pillar at Akkana Basadi<br />
File:Sculpture of Yaksha Dharanendra at Akkana Basadi in Shravanabelagola.jpg|Sculpture of ''Yaksha'' [[Dharanendra]] <br />
File:Sculpture of Yakshi Padmavathi at Akkana Basadi in Shravanabelagola.jpg|Sculpture of ''Yakshi'' [[Padmavati (Jainism)|Padmavati]] <br />
</gallery><br />
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== See also ==<br />
{{commonscat}}<br />
* [[Jain Basadi complex, Halebidu]]<br />
* [[Shravanabelagola]]<br />
* [[Parshvanatha basadi, Shravanabelgola]]<br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
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==References==<br />
*Gerard Foekema, A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples, Abhinav, 1996 {{ISBN|81-7017-345-0}}<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Kamath |first=Suryanath U. |title=A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present |orig-year=1980 |year=2001 |publisher=Jupiter books |location=Bangalore |oclc=7796041 |lccn=80905179}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Rice|first=Benjamin Lewis|title=Epigraphia Carnatica: Rev. ed, Volume 2-Inscriptions at Shravana Belagola|year=1889|publisher=Government of Mysore Central Press|location=Bangalore}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Jain and Jain|first=Surendranath and Sarojini|title=Bahubali of Jainbadari (Shravanabelagola) and other Jain shrines of the Deccan|year=1953|publisher=SDJMI Managing Committee|location=Shravanabelagola|chapter=Bastis in Shravanabelagola Village}}<br />
*Adam Hardy, Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries, Abhinav, 1995 {{ISBN|81-7017-312-4}}.<br />
*{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_karnataka_bangalore.asp|title=Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts|access-date=12 July 2012}}<br />
*{{cite web |url=http://asibengalurucircle.org/hassan-16.html|title=Akkana Basti|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle |publisher=ASI Bengaluru Circle|access-date=3 April 2013}}<br />
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[[Category:Jain temples in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:12th-century Jain temples]]<br />
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Hassan district]]<br />
[[Category:15th-century Jain temples]]<br />
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{{Jain temples}}<br />
{{Jainism Topics}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{Jainism-stub}}</div>>Pratyk321