Bot at 20:55, 30 November 2022

2022-11-30T20:55:47Z

New page

{{Short description|Militant group operating in Kashmir, India}}
{{Other uses|Al-Badr (disambiguation)}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox war faction
| name = Al-Badr
| native_name = البدر
| native_name_lang = ar
| war =
| image = Al-badr flag.png
| caption = Al-Badr flag
| active = 1998-present
| ideology = [[Separatism]] [[Islamism]] [[Islamic fundamentalism]] [[Jihadism]]
| leader1_title = leaders
| leader1_name = Arfeen Bhai Jasniel Rihal Bahkt Zameen Khan
| leader2_title = Commander
| leader2_name = Hamzah Burhan (Chief Operational Commander in [[Kashmir]] valley)
Syed Tahir Ali in Karachi (Special Wing )
| clans = United Liberation Front (Active in [[Kashmir]])
| headquarters = [[Mansehra]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]]
| area = [[Kashmir]]
| size =
| partof = [[United Jihad Council]] and [[Operation Tupac]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| allies = {{flag|Pakistan}} <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-01|title=Pakistan Moves 20,000 Soldiers To Gilgit-Baltistan|url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/national/china-may-support-pakistans-terror-group-al-badr-incite-violence-india-120896|access-date=2020-09-18|website=Sakshi Post|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Thakur|first=Aditi|date=2020-07-01|title=Sources Says China In Talks With Pakistan Terror Groups|url=https://hwnews.in/news/national-news/sources-says-china-in-talks-with-pakistan-terror-groups/140316|access-date=2020-09-18|website=HW English|language=en-US}}</ref> {{flagicon image|Green Shahada.png}} [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] {{flagicon image|Flag of Lashkar-e-Taiba.svg}} [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] {{flagicon image|Jaishi-e-Mohammed.svg}} [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] [[File:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan Flag.svg|25px]] [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir]] {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Al-Qaeda]] {{flagicon image|Flag of Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.svg}} [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]] {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind]] [[Islami Jamiat Taliba]]<ref>[http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/maps/view/pak Pakistan]. ''Mapping Militants''. [[Stanford University]].</ref>
| opponents = {{flag|India}} {{flag|United States}}
| battles = [[Soviet-Afghan war]] [[Afghan Civil War (1989-1992)]] [[Kashmir Conflict]] [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]
| url =
| status =
}}

'''Al-Badr''' ({{lang-ar|البدر}}, ''{{transl|ar|al-badr}}'' "the [[full moon]]") is a militant group operating in the [[Kashmir]] region.<ref name="SATP">{{cite web|title=al-Badr |url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/Al_badr.htm |publisher=South Asia Terrorism Portal}}</ref><ref name="GlobalSecurity">{{cite web|publisher=Global Security |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/Al-Badr.htm |title=Al-Badr / Al-Badr Mujahideen}}</ref><ref name="TKB">{{cite web|publisher=MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base |url=http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=3555 |title=Group Profile: AL-BADR}}</ref><ref name="OSAC">{{cite web|publisher=Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) |url=http://www.osac.gov/Groups/group.cfm?contentID=1301 |title=Al-badhr Mujahidin (Al-Badr) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116020531/http://www.osac.gov/Groups/group.cfm?contentID=1301 |archive-date=2006-11-16 }}</ref><ref name="USState">{{cite web|url= https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/65479.pdf
|publisher=U.S. State Department |title=Chapter 8: Foreign Terrorist Organizations}} {{commons-inline|File:State Department list of foreign terrorist organizations.pdf}}</ref> The group was allegedly formed by the [[Pakistan]]i [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI) in June 1998.<ref name="SATP" /><ref name="GlobalSecurity" /><ref name="TKB" /><ref name="OSAC" /> It is believed the group was encouraged by the ISI to operate independently from their previous umbrella group, [[Hizbul Mujahideen|Hizb-ul-Mujahideen]] (HM).<ref name="SATP" /><ref name="GlobalSecurity" /><ref name="TKB" /><ref name="OSAC" /> Prior to the group's separation from HM, they participated in the fighting in [[Afghan Civil War (1989-1992)|Afghanistan in 1990]] as part of [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]]'s [[Hezbi Islami|Hizb-l-Islami]] (HIG) alongside other anti-Soviet Afghan mujihadeen.<ref name="TKB" /><ref name="OSAC" /><ref name="USState" /> [[Government of India|India]] and the [[United States Department of State|United States]] have declared it a [[terrorist organisation]] and banned it.<ref name="MHA_BanList">{{cite web|title=List of Banned Organisations|url=https://mha.gov.in/banned-organisations|website=Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI|publisher=Government of India|access-date=3 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503233101/https://mha.gov.in/banned-organisations |archive-date= 3 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="USState"/>

==Foundation and separation==
The group was originally led by Arfeen Bhai, also known as Jannisar or Lukmaan, when it separated in 1998 and is currently led by Bahkt Zameen Khan.<ref name="SATP" /><ref name="GlobalSecurity" /><ref name="TKB" /><ref name="USState" /> In 2002, Zameen declared jihad against the U.S. forces in Afghanistan after being responsible for prior attacks against coalition forces there beginning in 2001.<ref name="USState" /> Al-Badr went on further in 2002 to order all women police in the Rajouri District of Kashmir to quit their jobs by mid-January the next year.<ref name="USState3">{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/18311.htm |title=India - Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: 2002 |publisher=U.S. State Department}}</ref> The group has stated membership in the [[United Jihad Council]] (UJC), a coalition of Pakistan-based militants who are active in the Jammu Kashmir region.<ref name="SATP" /> They have been linked to [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir|Jamaat-e-Islami]] and alleged to have connection with [[al-Qaeda]].<ref name="SATP" /><ref name="GlobalSecurity" /><ref name="TKB" /> The groups stated purpose is to liberate the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to be merged with Pakistan. Al-Badr opposes negotiations to end the violence in Kashmir and opposes the [[Line of Control]] (LoC) and calls for the strengthening of the [[jihad]].<ref name="SATP" />

==Designation as terrorist organisation==
Al-Badr was banned by India under The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 2004.<ref name="HinduNews">{{cite news|title=Two militants of Pak. based Al Badr arrested in Mysore |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/402200610271201.htm |publisher=The Hindu News Update Service |date=2006-10-27 |location=Chennai, India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215529/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/402200610271201.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> On 27 April 2005 [[State Department]] of [[United States Government]] identified Al-Badr as a terrorist organisation in its list of 40 Foreign Terrorist Organisations. Al-Badr is currently on the U.S. State Department list of Designated Foreign Terrorist Organisations.<ref name="US_Department_of_State">{{cite web |url=http://dublin.usembassy.gov/ireland/terror_organisations.html |title=State Department Identifies 40 Foreign Terrorist Organizations |publisher=U.S. Department of State |work=Country Reports on Terrorism 2004 |access-date=24 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205044038/http://dublin.usembassy.gov/ireland/terror_organisations.html |archive-date=5 February 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Location==
The Islamic fundamentalist group Al-Badr operates covert Al Badr training camps in [[Pakistan]] to train Pakistani civilians to serve as fighters in the conflict in Kashmir.<ref name="Cnn-2001-09-19">
{{cite news
|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/central/09/19/inv.afghanistan.camp/
|title=India identifies terrorist training camps
|publisher=CNN
|date=2001-09-19
|author=Bindra, Satinder
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210073323/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/central/09/19/inv.afghanistan.camp/
|archive-date=2008-12-10
}}
</ref><ref name="TimesOfIndia2006-10-06">
{{cite news
|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2099294.cms
|title=They took my tongue out
|work=[[The Times of India]]
|author=Shaukat Ahmed Khan
|date=2006-10-06
|access-date=2009-02-06
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023051740/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2099294.cms
|archive-date=2012-10-23
}}
</ref><ref name="Time2001-01-29">{{cite news
|url = http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,97126,00.html
|title = Inside Jihad
|publisher = [[Time magazine]]
|author = Ghulam Hasnain
|date = 2001-01-29
|access-date = 2009-02-06
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121102122123/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,97126,00.html
|archive-date = 2 November 2012
|url-status = dead
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref>
Group has training camps in the [[Mansehra]] area of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North West Frontier Province]] (NWFP) in Pakistan, and in [[Kotli]] and [[Muzaffarabad]] in [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]].<ref name="SATP" />

In the 1990s, militants trained at al-Badr camp in the use of [[RDX]] and [[C-4 (explosive)|C4]] explosives.<ref name="pete">[[Peter Bergen|Bergen, Peter]], "[[Holy War, Inc.]]", 2001</ref> Shaukat Ahmed Khan, the author of an article about the camps, in the ''[[Times of India]]'', said he was kidnapped from his home in [[India]] by recruiters for the camp;<ref name=TimesOfIndia2006-10-06/> and that when he made clear he wasn't interested in fighting on behalf of Al Badr those running the camp cut out his tongue, and cut off his right hand. He said they spared his life because he was a fellow Muslim.

==Militant activity==
It is believed the group has been weakened in recent years due to increased presence of Indian security forces along the Line of Control (LoC) that separates India from Pakistan. Indian security forces gauge the strength of al-Badr to be between 200 with 120 of those forces being foreign [[mercenary|mercenaries]].<ref name="SATP" /><ref name="TKB" /> Al-Badr is currently one of only two Kashmiri separatist groups that employ suicide squads as a tactic, the other being [[Lashkar-e-Toiba|Lashkar-e-Tayyeba]].<ref name="SATP" /><ref name="GlobalSecurity" />

On 27 October 2006, two members of al-Badr were apprehended in [[Mysore]] in what Indian police are calling a foiled terror attack. Mohd Ali Hussain and Mohd Fahad were captured carrying a laptop, chemicals often used for creating [[improvised explosive device]]s (IEDs), [[detonator]]s, an [[AK-47|AK-47 rifle]], a pistol, a cell phone, a digital camera and passports as well as sketches of the state legislature building, 'Vidhan Sabha'.<ref name="HinduNews" /><ref name="IHT">{{cite news|title=Report: Police arrest 2 suspected militants plotting attack in India's technology hub |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/10/27/asia/AS_GEN_India_Militants_Arrest.php |newspaper=International Herald Tribune |date=2006-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=2 Pak terrorists nabbed in Mysore |publisher=IBNLive |date=2006-10-27 |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/karnataka-cops-foil-vidhan-soudha-terror-bid-nab-two/24810-3.html}}</ref>

On 4 June 2018 Al-Badr took the responsibility for grenade attacks in Pulwama injuring 23 people, including eight security personnel.<ref name="FP_claim">{{cite news |title=Al-Badr claims responsibility for Pulwama attack: All you need to know about the banned outfit with ISI links |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/al-badr-claims-responsibility-for-pulwama-attack-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-banned-outfit-with-isi-links-4496263.html |access-date=8 June 2018 |publisher=Firstpost |date=5 June 2018}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Hizbul Mujahideen]]
*[[Lashkar e Taiba]]
*[[Soviet-Afghan war]]
*[[Afghan Civil War (1989-1992)]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{India-designated terror outfits}}

[[Category:1998 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1998]]
[[Category:Jihadist groups in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Kashmir]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist]]
[[Category:Jihadist groups in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Terrorist training camps in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States]]

Al-Badr Jammu and Kashmir - Revision history

Bot at 20:55, 30 November 2022