CarrerNaksha at 10:52, 7 January 2026

2026-01-07T10:52:07Z

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{{Short description|Woodwind instrument used in South Asia}}
{{Infobox Instrument
| name = Alghoza
| names = Alghoze, Jōrhi, Pāwā Jōrhī, Do Nālī, Donāl, Girāw, Satārā or Nagōze<ref name="Alghoza">{{cite web |url=http://www.amc.org.uk/asian-instrument/alghoza |title=Alghoza |publisher=Asian Music Circuit |access-date=7 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227080151/http://amc.org.uk/asian-instrument/alghoza |archive-date=27 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| image = Cultural Music.jpg
| caption = Musician from [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]] playing Alghoza
| background = Woodwind
| classification = [[Woodwind instrument]]
| developed = around 7500 BC in [[Mesopotamia]]<ref name=Dawn>{{cite news |last=Chandio|first=Faraz|date=September 2, 2018|title=CULTURE: THE DYING BREATHS OF THE ALGHOZA|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1430327|work=DAWN|location=Islamabad|access-date=June 3, 2021}}</ref>
| hornbostel_sachs = 421.112
| musicians =
}}
'''Alghoza''' also called '''Beenon''' ({{Langx|sd|{{Naskh|الغوزو}}}}) is a paired [[woodwind instrument|woodwind]] traditional musical instrument of [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] culture,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-06 |title=Rich culture: Lok Mela showcases colours of Sindh |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/865616/rich-culture-lok-mela-showcases-colours-of-sindh-islamabad-city |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-17 |title=Interactive sessions: Sukkur IBA concludes conference with culture night |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1266515/interactive-sessions-sukkur-iba-concludes-conference-culture-night |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> also used by [[Kutchi people|Kutchi]], [[Saraiki people|Saraiki]], [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]], [[Rajasthani people|Rajasthani]] and [[Baloch people|baloch]] folk musicians.<ref name=Dawn /><ref name="Alghoza">{{cite web |url=http://www.amc.org.uk/asian-instrument/alghoza |title=Alghoza |publisher=Asian Music Circuit |access-date=7 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227080151/http://amc.org.uk/asian-instrument/alghoza |archive-date=27 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It consists of two joined [[Recorder (musical instrument)|beak flutes]], one for melody, the second for drone. The flutes are either tied together or may be held together loosely with the hands. A continuous flow of air is necessary as the player blows into the two flutes simultaneously.<ref>Pande, p. 70</ref> The quick recapturing of breath on each beat creates a bouncing, swinging rhythm. The wooden instrument initially comprised two flute pipes of the same length but over time, one of them was shortened for sound purposes. In the world of Alghoza playing, the two flute pipes are a couple — the longer one is the male and the shorter one the female instrument. With the use of beeswax, the instrument can be scaled to any tune.<ref>{{cite news |last=Usman |first=Maryam |date=2013-08-26 |title=Instrumental Ecstasy concert: A retreat into the rhythms of Sindhi classical tunes |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/595230/instrumental-ecstasy-concert-a-retreat-into-the-rhythms-of-sindhi-classical-tunes/ |newspaper=The Express Tribune |access-date=2015-12-07}}</ref>

[[File:Toonba and algoza.JPG|thumb|left|[[Tumbi|Toomba]] and Alghoza players in [[Punjab, India]]]]

== Origin ==
[[File:Rajasthan Folk Music.jpg|thumb|left|Alghoza player in the [[Thar Desert]], [[Rajasthan, India]]]]
It originated at around 7500 BC in [[Mesopotamia]], it then reached [[Iran]] and eventually the [[Indian subcontinent]] with some modifications.<ref name="Dawn" /> Some Mesopotamian archaic paintings contain a musical instrument very similar to Alghoza.<ref name="Dawn" />

In Mesopotamia, this instrument was called "Al-Joza", which literally means, "The dwin".<ref name="Dawn" /> As it reached the [[Indian subcontinent]], the "J" in "Al-Joza" became "gh" and eventually the modified form of this instrument which reached the subcontinent came to be known as Alghoza.<ref name="Dawn" />

== Alghoza players ==

* [[Khamiso Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Shoaib |date=2015-12-12 |title=Mystic Music Sufi Festival kicks off |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1225798 |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Akbar Khamiso Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=An elegy to music |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/383387-an-elegy-to-music |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TheNews Weekly Magazine |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Misri Khan Jamali]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eu8VAQAAMAAJ&q=Misri+Khan+Jamali+radio+pakistan |title=Pakistan Quarterly |date=1967 |publisher=Pakistan Publications |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Allah Bachayo Khoso]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yusuf |first=Zohra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5YcHAQAAMAAJ&q=Allah+Bachayo+Khoso |title=Rhythms of the Lower Indus: Perspectives on the Music of Sindh |date=1988 |publisher=Department of Culture and Tourism, Government of Sindh |language=en}}</ref>
* Ustad Achar Samejo<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-18 |title=Alghoza player Ustab Achar passes away |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/18-Dec-2023/alghoza-player-ustab-achar-passes-away |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=The Nation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-18 |title=Veteran Alghoza Player Achar Samejo Dies At 70 |url=https://thefridaytimes.com/18-Dec-2023/veteran-alghoza-player-achar-samejo-dies-at-70 |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=The Friday Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khawaja |first=Kamran Khamiso |date=2023-12-16 |title=Veteran musician and algoza player Achar Samejo dies at 70 |url=https://minutemirror.com.pk/veteran-musician-and-algoza-player-achar-samejo-dies-at-70-160054/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=Minute Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Gurmeet Bawa]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
;Books
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |title=Folk Music & Musical Instruments of Punjab. |last=Pande |first=Alka |year=1999 |publisher=Grantha Corporation |isbn=818582262X |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/folkmusicmusical00pand }}
{{Refend}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Folk instruments of Punjab]]
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Pakistani musical instruments]]
[[Category:Folk instruments of Sindh]]
[[Category:Romani musical instruments]]

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Alghoza - Revision history

CarrerNaksha at 10:52, 7 January 2026