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{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Alhanadeva<br />
| succession = King of [[Naddula]]<br />
| reign = c. 1148–1163 CE<br />
| dynasty = [[Chahamanas of Naddula]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Katukaraja]]<br />
| successor = [[Kelhanadeva]]<br />
| father = [[Asharaja]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Alhana-deva''' ([[IAST]]: Alhaṇadeva, r. c. 1148–1163 CE) was an Indian king belonging to the [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Naddula Chahamana dynasty]]. He ruled the area around [[Naddula]] (present-day Nadol in [[Rajasthan]]), as a vassal of the [[Chaulukya]] king [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]]. During his reign, the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]] invaded Naddula, and Kumarapala replaced him with his own governors. Later, Kumarapala restored his rule in Naddula, as a result of his service in Chaulukya military campaigns.<br />
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== Reign ==<br />
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Alhanadeva was a son of the Chahamana monarch [[Asharaja]]. He succeeded his elder brother [[Katukaraja]] on the throne of Naddula.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=254}} He accepted the suzerainty of the [[Chaulukya]] monarch [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]].{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=255}} Another of his brothers, Purnapaksha, ruled the Ratanpur principality as Kumarapala's vassal.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=253}}<br />
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Alhana commissioned a [[Shiva]] temple at Naddula, and also made donations to the Chandaleshvara and Tripurusha temples. His queen Shankaradevi installed an idol of the goddess [[Parvati|Gauri]] with his benefaction. He also gave a monthly grant to the [[Mahavira]] [[Jain]] temple at Naddula.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=135}}<br />
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=== Temporary loss of Naddula ===<br />
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While Alhanadeva was ruling at Naddula, the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Shakambhari Chahamanas]] invaded the Chaulukya territories, including the Naddula Chahamana kingdom. According to the 1152 CE [[Kiradu]] inscription, Alhanadeva's rule was confined to the Kiratakupa (Kiradu), Latahrada (Gudamalani) and Shiva ([[Sheo]]) areas, which he had received as a favour from Kumarapala.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|pp=255-256}} Naddula was being ruled by Kumarapala's own governor Pratapasimha, as attested by an 1156 CE Nadol inscription. By 1159 CE, another Chaulukya governor ran the administration at Naddula.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=256}} This governor is variously known as Vayajladeva, Vaijalladeva and Vaijaka in historical records.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=110}} However, by 1161 CE, Kumarapala had restored Alhanadeva's rule in Naddula.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=257}}<br />
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The reason for these changes at Naddula is not certain. Historian [[Dasharatha Sharma]] theorizes that the Shakambhari Chahamana king [[Arnoraja]] invaded and captured Naddula. Kumarapala defeated Arnoraja, and appointed his own governors at Naddula to ensure that the fort was well-defended. Later, Alhanadeva gained Kumarapala's confidence by performing well in his military campaigns. As a result, Kumarapala restored Naddula to Alhanadeva.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|pp=133-135}} A. K. Majumdar has a similar theory, but he believes that the invader was Arnoraja's successor [[Vigraharaja IV]]. Later, when Vigraharaja turned his attention away from Naddula as a result of his northern campaigns, Kumarapala reinstated Alhanadeva as the ruler of Naddula.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=111}}<br />
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Historian R. B. Singh theorizes that when Arnoraja invaded the Chaulukya kingdom around 1150 CE, Alhanadeva joined him against Kumarapala. As a result, Kumarapala appointed his own governors at Naddula. This theory is based on a legend in the medieval chronicle ''[[Prabandha Kosha]]'', which states that the Naddula Chahamana ruler allied with Arnoraja against Kumarapala (although the text wrongly names Arnoraja's contemporary at Naddula as Alhana's successor [[Kelhanadeva]]). This prompted Kumarapala to appoint his own governors at Naddula. However, later Alhanadeva came back to Kumarapala and supported him against the Shakambhari Chahamanas. As a result, he was given control of three districts (Kiratakupa, Latahrda and Shiva). Meanwhile, the control of Naddula remained in hands of Kumarapala's governors. Later, Alhanadeva pleased Kumarapala with his services in a southern campaign, as a result of which Kumarapala restored Alhanadeva's rule in Naddula.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|pp=255-257}} Later, Arnoraja's successor Vigraharaja subdued Alhanadeva.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=258}}<br />
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=== Saurashtra expedition ===<br />
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The [[Sundha Mata Temple|Sundha Hill]] inscription mentions that the [[Gurjaradesa|Gurjara]] king (that is, Kumarapala) sought Alhanadeva's assistance in curbing disturbances in the hilly part of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]. The Nadol inscription of his descendant [[Kirtipala]] also states that Alhanadeva defeated the Saurashtrikas. The ''Kumarapala Charita'' chronicle suggests that this event happened in 1149 CE.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=255}} According to ''[[Prabandha-Chintamani]]'', Alhana killed the [[Abhira tribe|Abhira]] leader Sauṃsara (also called Saṃvara).{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=133}}<br />
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== Family ==<br />
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Alhanadeva had two queens: Analla-devi and Shankara-devi.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=136}} Alhanadeva had a queen named Analla-devi, who was the daughter of one Sahula. The couple had three sons: [[Kelhanadeva]], Gajasimha, and [[Kirtipala]].{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=136}}<br />
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* Kelhanadeva assisted him in administration, and succeeded him on the throne of Naddula as a vassal of Kumarapala.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=258}}<br />
* Gajasimha administered the province of [[Mandavyapura]] (modern Mandore).{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=258}}<br />
* Kirtipala was given a fief of 12 villages, and established a new kingdom at Javalipura (modern [[Jalore]]). His descendants — the [[Chahamanas of Javalipura]] — ruled until the 14th century.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=258}}<br />
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In ''[[Nainsi ri Khyat]],'' the 17th century chronicler [[Muhnot Nainsi]] names one Vijayasimha as a son of Alhana. Vijayasimha captured Satyapura ([[Sanchore]]) from the Dahiya Rajputs.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=149}} There, he established a new kingdom, which his descendants ruled for around 250 years.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=258}}{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=136}} According to historian [[Dasharatha Sharma]], Vijayasimha's father Alhana may have been a different person.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=149}}<br />
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Kumarasimha, titled ''Maharajaputra'' (prince) in a [[Bamnera]] inscription, may also have been a son of Alhana.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=136}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
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=== Bibliography ===<br />
* {{cite book |author=Asoke Kumar Majumdar |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffAdAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |year=1956 |oclc=4413150 }}<br />
* {{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |year=1959 |isbn=9780842606189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
* {{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |oclc=11038728 }}<br />
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{{Chahamanas of Naddula}}<br />
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[[Category:Chahamana kings of Naddula]]<br />
[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]</div>Manoj