AntoniettaWhitco at 18:48, 13 April 2026

2026-04-13T18:48:20Z

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{{Short description|Genus of succulent flowering plants}}
{{other uses}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Aloe
| image = Aloe arborescens on Monte Vumba (4387600468).jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Aloe arborescens]]''
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name=POWO/>
| display_parents = 2
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See [[#Species|Species]]
| type_species = ''[[Aloe perfoliata]]''
| type_species_authority = L.
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO"/>
| synonyms = {{Species list|hidden=yes
|Agriodendron|Endl.
|× Alamaealoe|P.V.Heath
|× Alchamaloe|G.D.Rowley
|× Aleptoe|G.D.Rowley
|× Allauminia|G.D.Rowley
|× Allemeea|P.V.Heath
|× Aloella|G.D.Rowley
|Aloinella|(A.Berger) Lemée
|× Aloptaloe|P.V.Heath
|Atevala|Raf.
|× Bleckara|P.V.Heath
|Busipho|Salisb.
|Chamaealoe|A.Berger
|× Chamaeleptaloe|Rowley
|Guillauminia|A.Bertrand
|× Lemeea|P.V.Heath
|× Leminia|P.V.Heath
|Leptaloe|Stapf
|× Leptaloinella|G.D.Rowley
|× Leptauminia|G.D.Rowley
|× Lomataloe|Guillaumin
|Lomatophyllum|Willd.
|Pachidendron|Haw.
|Phylloma|Ker Gawl.
|Rhipidodendrum|Willd.
}}
}}
[[File:Split Aloe.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Succulent plant]]s, such as this aloe, store water in their enlarged fleshy leaves, stems, or roots, as shown in this split aloe leaf. This allows them to survive in arid environments.]]
[[File:Aloe Vera houseplant.jpg|thumb|alt=Aloe Vera houseplant|Spikes on an Aloe Vera houseplant]]

'''''Aloe''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|l|oʊ|(|i|)|,_|ə|ˈ|l|oʊ|i}};<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aloe | title=Definition of ALOE | date=9 August 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/aloe|title=aloe noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com|accessdate=6 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/aloe|title=ALOE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary|accessdate=6 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=aloe | title=The American Heritage Dictionary entry: Aloe }}</ref> also written '''''Aloë''''') is a [[genus]] containing over 650 [[species]] of [[flowering plant|flowering]] [[succulent plant|succulent]] [[plant]]s.<ref name="WFO">WFO (2022): Aloe L. Published on the Internet;http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000001341. Accessed on: 06 Nov 2022</ref> The most widely known species is ''[[Aloe vera]]'', or "true aloe". It is called this because it is cultivated as the standard source for assorted pharmaceutical purposes.<ref name=NIH>{{cite web |url=https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/aloe-vera |title=Aloe Vera: Science and Safety |publisher=NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health |date=April 2012 |access-date=31 March 2013}}</ref> Other species, such as ''[[Aloe ferox]]'', are also cultivated or harvested from the wild for similar applications.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Salehi|first1=Bahare|last2=Albayrak|first2=Sevil|last3=Antolak|first3=Hubert|last4=Kręgiel|first4=Dorota|last5=Pawlikowska|first5=Ewelina|last6=Sharifi-Rad|first6=Mehdi|last7=Uprety|first7=Yadav|last8=Tsouh Fokou|first8=Patrick Valere|last9=Yousef|first9=Zubaida|last10=Amiruddin Zakaria|first10=Zainul|last11=Varoni|first11=Elena Maria|date=2018-09-19|title=Aloe Genus Plants: From Farm to Food Applications and Phytopharmacotherapy|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|volume=19|issue=9|page=2843|doi=10.3390/ijms19092843|issn=1422-0067|pmc=6163315|pmid=30235891|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The [[APG IV system]] (2016) places the genus in the family [[Asphodelaceae]], subfamily [[Asphodeloideae]]. Within the subfamily it may be placed in the tribe [[Aloeae]].<ref name=APweb>Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). "[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#aspasphodelaceae Asphodelaceae]". ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website''. Retrieved 2016-06-09.</ref> In the past, it has been assigned to the family [[Aloaceae]] (now included in the Asphodeloidae) or to a broadly [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscribed]] family [[Liliaceae]] (the lily family). The plant ''[[Agave americana]]'', which is sometimes called "American aloe", belongs to the [[Asparagaceae]], a different family.

The genus is native to tropical and southern [[Africa]], [[Madagascar]], [[Jordan]], the [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[India]] and various islands in the [[Indian Ocean]] ([[Mauritius]], [[Réunion]], [[Comoros]], etc.). A few species have also become naturalized in other regions ([[Mediterranean]], [[Australia]], [[North America|North]] and [[South America]], [[Hawaiian Islands]], etc.).<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30106039-2 |title=''Aloe'' |date=2022 |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=16 December 2022}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The genus name ''Aloe'' is derived from the [[Arabic]] word ''al'uluh'', meaning "bitter and shiny substance" or from [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] {{lang|he|אוהלים}} ''ahalim'', plural of {{lang|he|אוהל}} ''ahal''.<ref name="oed">{{cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/aloe |title=Aloe |last1=Harper |first1=Douglas |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=1 July 2021 |date=2021}}</ref><ref name="guo">{{cite journal |last1=Guo |first1=Xiaoqing |last2=Mei |first2=Nan |title=Aloe vera: A review of toxicity and adverse clinical effects |journal=J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev |date=2 April 2016 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=77–96 |doi=10.1080/10590501.2016.1166826 |pmid=26986231 |pmc=6349368 |bibcode=2016JESHC..34...77G }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.balashon.com/2008/03/aloe.html |title=aloe |last1=Curwin |first1=David |date=16 March 2008 |website=Balashon - Hebrew Language Detective |access-date=16 December 2022 }}</ref>

== Description ==

Most ''Aloe'' species have a [[rosette (botany)|rosette]] of large, thick, fleshy [[Leaf|leaves]]. ''Aloe'' [[flower]]s are tubular, frequently yellow, orange, pink, or red, and are borne, densely clustered and pendant, at the apex of simple or branched, leafless stems. Many species of ''Aloe'' appear to be stemless, with the rosette growing directly at ground level; other varieties may have a branched or unbranched [[plant stem|stem]] from which the fleshy leaves spring. They vary in color from grey to bright-green and are sometimes striped or [[mottle]]d. Some aloes native to South Africa are tree-like (arborescent).<ref name=RoddStackhouse>{{cite book|last=Rodd|first=Tony|title=Trees: a Visual Guide|year=2008|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=9780520256507|page=131|author2=Stackhouse, Jennifer}}</ref>

==Systematics==

The [[APG IV system]] (2016) places the genus in the family [[Asphodelaceae]], subfamily [[Asphodeloideae]].<ref name=APweb/> In the past it has also been assigned to the families [[Liliaceae]] and Aloeaceae, as well as the family Asphodelaceae [[sensu stricto]], before this was merged into the Asphodelaceae [[sensu lato]].

The [[circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]] of the genus has varied widely. Many genera, such as [[Lomatophyllum]],<ref name="WCSP_280369">{{cite web |title=''Lomatophyllum'' |work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=280369 |access-date=2013-02-25}}</ref> have been brought into [[synonym (taxonomy)|synonymy]]. Species at one time placed in ''Aloe'', such as ''[[Agave americana]]'', have been moved to other genera.<ref name="WCSP_297041">{{cite web |title=''Aloe americana'' |work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=297041 |access-date=2013-02-25}}</ref> [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic studies]], particularly from 2010 onwards, suggested that as then circumscribed, ''Aloe'' was not [[Monophyly|monophyletic]] and should be divided into more tightly defined genera. In 2014, [[John Charles Manning]] and coworkers produced a phylogeny in which ''Aloe'' was divided into six genera: ''[[Aloidendron]]'', ''[[Kumara (plant)|Kumara]]'', ''[[Aloiampelos]]'', ''Aloe'', ''[[Aristaloe]]'' and ''[[Gonialoe]]''.<ref name=MannBoatDaruMaur14/>

=== Species ===
{{main article|List of Aloe species|l1=List of ''Aloe'' species}}
Over 600 species are accepted in the genus ''Aloe'', plus even more synonyms and unresolved species, subspecies, varieties, and hybrids. Some of the accepted species are:<ref name="WFO"/>

{{div col|colwidth=266px}}
*''[[Aloe aculeata]]'' Pole-Evans 
*''[[Aloe africana]]'' Mill. 
*''[[Aloe albida]]'' (Stapf) Reynolds 
*''[[Aloe albiflora]]'' Guillaumin 
*''[[Aloe arborescens]]'' Mill. 
*''[[Aloe arenicola]]'' Reynolds 
*''[[Aloe argenticauda]]'' Merxm. & Giess 
*''[[Aloe bakeri]]'' Scott-Elliot 
*''[[Aloe ballii]]'' Reynolds 
*''[[Aloe ballyi]]'' Reynolds 
*''[[Aloe brevifolia]]'' Mill. 
*''[[Aloe broomii]]'' Schönland 
*''[[Aloe buettneri]]'' A.Berger
*''[[Aloe camperi]]'' Schweinf. 
*''[[Aloe capitata]]'' Baker 
*''[[Aloe comosa]]'' Marloth & A.Berger 
*''[[Aloe cooperi]]'' Baker
*''[[Aloe corallina]]'' Verd. 
*''[[Aloe dewinteri]]'' Giess ex Borman & Hardy 
*''[[Aloe erinacea]]'' D.S.Hardy 
*''[[Aloe excelsa]]'' A.Berger 
*''[[Aloe ferox]]'' Mill. 
*''[[Aloe forbesii]]'' Balf.f. 
*''[[Aloe helenae]]'' Danguy 
*''[[Aloe hereroensis]]'' Engl. 
*''[[Aloe inermis]]'' Forssk. 
*''[[Aloe inyangensis]]'' Christian 
*''[[Aloe jawiyon]]'' S.J.Christie, D.P.Hannon & Oakman ex A.G.Mill. 
*''[[Aloe jucunda]]'' Reynolds 
*''[[Aloe khamiesensis]]'' Pillans
*''[[Aloe kilifiensis]]'' Christian 
*''[[Aloe maculata]]'' All.
*''[[Aloe marlothii]]'' A.Berger 
*''[[Aloe mubendiensis]]'' Christian
*''[[Aloe namibensis]]'' Giess 
*''[[Aloe nyeriensis]]'' Christian & I.Verd. 
*''[[Aloe pearsonii]]'' Schönland 
*''[[Aloe peglerae]]'' Schönland 
*''[[Aloe perfoliata]]'' L. 
*''[[Aloe perryi]]'' Baker 
*''[[Aloe petricola]]'' Pole-Evans 
*''[[Aloe polyphylla]]'' Pillans 
*''[[Aloe rauhii]]'' Reynolds 
*''[[Aloe reynoldsii]]'' Letty 
*''[[Aloe scobinifolia]]'' Reynolds & Bally 
*''[[Aloe sinkatana]]'' Reynolds 
*''[[Aloe squarrosa]]'' Baker ex Balf.f. 
*''[[Aloe striata]]'' Haw. 
*''[[Aloe succotrina]]'' Lam. 
*''[[Aloe suzannae]]'' Decary 
*''[[Aloe thraskii]]'' Baker 
*''[[Aloe vera]]'' (L.) Burm.f. 
*''[[Aloe viridiflora]]'' Reynolds 
*''[[Aloe wildii]]'' (Reynolds) Reynolds 
{{div col end}}

In addition to the species and hybrids between species within the genus, several hybrids with other genera have been created in cultivation, such as between ''Aloe'' and ''[[Gasteria]]'' ([[× Gasteraloe|× ''Gasteraloe'']]), and between ''Aloe'' and ''[[Astroloba]]'' (''[[×Aloloba]]'').
[[File:Aloe diversity.jpg|thumb|Multiple ''Aloe'' species with a variety of growth forms. [[Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden|UCLA Botanical Garden]] ]]

==Uses==
Aloe species are frequently cultivated as ornamental plants both in gardens and in pots. Many aloe species are highly decorative and are valued by collectors of succulents. ''Aloe vera'' is used both internally and externally on humans as [[folk medicine|folk]] or [[alternative medicine|alternative]] medicine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Woźniak |first1=Anna |last2=Paduch |first2=Roman |date=2012-02-01 |title=Aloe vera extract activity on human corneal cells |journal=Pharmaceutical Biology |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=147–154 |doi=10.3109/13880209.2011.579980 |issn=1388-0209 |pmid=22338121|s2cid=40123094 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The ''Aloe'' species is known for its medicinal and cosmetic properties.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Fentaw|first1=Eshetu|last2=Dagne|first2=Kifle|last3=Wondimu|first3=Tigist|last4=Demissew|first4=Sebsebe|last5=Bjorå|first5=Charlotte S.|last6=Grace|first6=Olwen M.|date=2020-11-11|title=Uses and perceived sustainability of Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae) in the central and northern Highlands of Ethiopia|journal=South African Journal of Botany|volume=147 |pages=1042–1050 |language=en|doi=10.1016/j.sajb.2020.11.001|s2cid=228929133|issn=0254-6299|doi-access=free}}</ref> Around 75% of ''Aloe'' species are used locally for medicinal uses.<ref name=":0" /> The plants can also be made into types of special soaps or used in other skin care products (see [[natural skin care]]).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Radha |first1=Maharjan H. |last2=Laxmipriya |first2=Nampoothiri P. |date=2015-01-01 |title=Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review |journal=Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=21–26 |doi=10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.006 |issn=2225-4110 |pmc=4488101 |pmid=26151005}}</ref>

Numerous cultivars with mixed or uncertain parentage are grown. Of these, ''Aloe'' 'Lizard Lips' has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref name = RHSPF>{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/249001/i-Aloe-i-Lizard-Lips/Details
| title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Aloe'' 'Lizard Lips'
| publisher=Royal Horticultural Society | date=2012 | access-date=5 January 2018}}</ref>

''Aloe variegata'' has been planted on graves in the belief that this ensures eternal life.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Klopper |first1=Ronell |last2=Smith |first2=Gideon |title=Aloe genus L. |url=http://pza.sanbi.org/aloe-genus |website=PlantZAfrica |access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref>

===Historical uses===
[[File:Aloe, Juliana Anicia Codex.jpg|thumb|Depiction of Aloe, labeled in Greek "ΑΛΟΗ" (Aloë) from the [[Juliana Anicia Codex]], a copy, written in [[Constantinople]] in 515 AD, of [[Dioscorides]]' 1st century AD work.<ref name="Folio 15 Juliana Anicia Codex">Folio 15 [[Juliana Anicia Codex]]</ref>]]
Historical use of various aloe species is well documented. Documentation of the clinical effectiveness is available, although relatively limited.<ref name=NIH/><ref>{{cite book|title=Aloes: the Genus ''Aloe'' |year=2004 |publisher=CRC Press |location=Boca Raton |isbn=978-0-415-30672-0 |editor=Tom Reynolds}}</ref>

Of the 500+ species, only a few were used traditionally as [[herbal medicine]]s, ''Aloe vera'' again being the most commonly used species. Also included are ''A. perryi'' and ''A. ferox''. The Ancient Greeks and Romans used ''Aloe vera'' to treat wounds. In the Middle Ages, the yellowish liquid found inside the leaves was favored as a [[purgative]].<ref name="Folio 15 Juliana Anicia Codex"/> Unprocessed aloe that contains [[aloin]] is generally used as a laxative, whereas processed juice does not usually contain significant aloin.<ref name=AloeSideEffects>{{cite web|url=http://www.superfoodliving.com/aloe-vera-juice-how-to-make-it-and-its-side-effects|title=Aloe Vera Juice - How to Make it and its Side Effects|date=November 20, 2015}}</ref>

According to [[Cancer Research UK]], a potentially deadly product called T-UP is made of concentrated aloe, and promoted as a cancer cure. They say "there is currently no evidence that aloe products can help to prevent or treat cancer in humans".<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/treatment/complementary-alternative/therapies/aloe-vera
|title=Aloe
|publisher=[[Cancer Research UK]]
|access-date=30 August 2013
|archive-date=6 August 2014
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806214058/http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/treatment/complementary-alternative/therapies/aloe-vera
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

===Aloin in OTC laxative products===
On May 9, 2002, the US Food and Drug Administration issued a final rule banning the use of aloin, the yellow sap of the aloe plant, for use as a laxative ingredient in [[over-the-counter drug]] products.<ref name="pmid12001972">{{cite journal |title=Status of certain additional over-the-counter drug category II and III active ingredients. Final rule |journal=Fed Regist |volume=67 |issue=90 |pages=31125–7 |year=2002 |pmid=12001972 |publisher= Food and Drug Administration, HHS|last1=Food Drug Administration |first1=HHS }}</ref> Most aloe juices today do not contain significant aloin.

=== Chemical properties ===
According to W. A. Shenstone, two classes of aloins are recognized: (1) nataloins, which yield [[picric acid|picric]] and [[oxalic acid]]s with [[nitric acid]], and do not give a red coloration with nitric acid; and (2) [[barbaloin]]s, which yield aloetic acid (C7H2N3O5), chrysammic acid (C7H2N2O6), picric and oxalic acids with nitric acid, being reddened by the acid. This second group may be divided into a-barbaloins, obtained from Barbados ''Aloe'', and reddened in the cold, and b-barbaloins, obtained from ''Aloe Socotrina'' and Zanzibar ''Aloe'', reddened by ordinary nitric acid only when warmed or by fuming acid in the cold. Nataloin (2C17H13O7·H2O) forms bright-yellow scales, barbaloin (C17H18O7) [[Prism (geometry)|prism]]atic crystals. ''Aloe'' species are used in essential oils as a safety measure to dilute the solution before they are applied to the skin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Orchard|first1=Ané|last2=Kamatou|first2=Guy|last3=Viljoen|first3=Alvaro M.|last4=Patel|first4=Namita|last5=Mawela|first5=Patricia|last6=van Vuuren|first6=Sandy F.|date=2019-01-14|title=The Influence of Carrier Oils on the Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Essential Oils|journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine|volume=2019|pages=1–24|doi=10.1155/2019/6981305|issn=1741-427X|pmc=6348851|pmid=30733812|doi-access=free}}</ref>

=== Flavoring ===
''Aloe perryi'', ''A. barbadensis'', ''A. ferox'', and hybrids of this species with ''A. africana'' and ''A. spicata'' are listed as natural flavoring substances in the US government ''Electronic Code of Federal Regulations''.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=3a096fd1d813e0b6f476ecd1470e7e4a&node=pt21.3.172&rgn=div5#se21.3.172_1510| title = §172.510 Natural flavoring substances and natural substances used in conjunction with flavors e-CFR}}</ref> ''Aloe socotrina'' is said to be used in yellow [[Chartreuse (liqueur)|Chartreuse]].<ref>John Tellman (1900) [https://archive.org/details/practicalhotelst01tell ''The Practical Hotel Steward''], The Hotel Monthly, Chicago</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Aloe vossii - plant (aka).jpg|''[[Aloe vossii]]''
File:Aloe rubroviolacea2.jpg|''[[Aloe rubroviolacea|A. rubroviolacea]]''
File:Aloe albiflora flowers.png|Not all aloes only have tublar flowers
File:Aloe africana 1.jpg|''[[Aloe africana]]'' (Uitenhage aloe)
File:Gardenology-IMG 5394 hunt10mar.jpg|''[[Aloe marlothii]]'' (flat-flowered aloe)
File:Aloe pluridens (3).jpg|''[[Aloe pluridens]]'' (French aloe)
File:Aloe excelsa at Mount Coot-tha.JPG|''[[Aloe excelsa]]'' (Zimbabwe aloe)
File:Aloe rupestris, vroeë bloeiwyse, Pretoria.jpg|''[[Aloe rupestris]]'' (bottlebrush aloe)
File:Aloe speciosa - tilt head aloe.jpg|''[[Aloe hexapetala]]'' (tilt-headed aloe)
File:Blooming aloes wide view alternate, with bright sun behind.jpg|Blooming ''[[Aloe arborescens]]''
File:Aloe cooperi in flower IMG 1702e.JPG|''Aloe cooperi'' (''Kumara plicatilis'' in background on the right)
File:Aloe hereroensis Auob C15.JPG|''[[Aloe hereroensis]]''
File:Aloe molederana.jpg|''Aloe molederana''
File:Aloe dijboutiensis whole plant.jpg|''Aloe dijboutiensis''
File:Aloe peglerae01.jpg|''[[Aloe peglerae]]''
File:Aloe saponaria 1.jpg|''[[Aloe maculata]]'' - prev. ''A. saponaria'' (soap aloe)
File:Aloe reitzii flowers.jpg|''[[Aloe reitzii]]''
File:Aloe arborescens leaf cross section.jpg|''Aloe arborescens'' leaf cross section
File:Aloe karasbergensis young plant.jpg|''Aloe karasbergensis'' - Plant 2023-0010-3
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[List of Aloe species|List of ''Aloe'' species]]
* [[List of ineffective cancer treatments]]
* [[List of Southern African indigenous trees]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=MannBoatDaruMaur14>{{Cite journal |last1=Manning |first1=John |last2=Boatwright |first2=James S. |last3=Daru |first3=Barnabas H. |last4=Maurin |first4=Olivier |last5=Bank |first5=Michelle van der |date=2014 |title=A Molecular Phylogeny and Generic Classification of Asphodelaceae Subfamily Alooideae: A Final Resolution of the Prickly Issue of Polyphyly in the Alooids? |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=55–74 |doi=10.1600/036364414X678044 |bibcode=2014SysBo..39...55M |s2cid=86714657 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|title=Aloes : the definitive guide|date=2011|publisher=Kew Pub|last1=Carter|first1=Susan|others=British Cactus and Succulent Society|isbn=9781842464397|location=Richmond, Surrey, UK|oclc=670480354}}
* {{Cite book|title=Guide to the aloes of South Africa|last1=Ben-Erik|first1=Van Wyk|last2=Smith|first2=Gideon|isbn=9781920217389|edition=Third|location=Pretoria, South Africa|oclc=897036340|year = 2014}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{AfricanPlants|Aloe}}

{{Herbs used as laxatives}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q127134}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Aloe| ]]
[[Category:Asphodelaceae genera]]
[[Category:Laxatives]]
[[Category:Cosmetics chemicals]]
[[Category:Succulent plants]]

Aloe - Revision history

AntoniettaWhitco at 18:48, 13 April 2026