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{{distinguish|Amos Sutton Hayden}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
'''Amos Sutton''' (1802 in [[Sevenoaks]] in Kent – 17 August 1854 in [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]]) was an English [[General Baptist]] [[missionary]] to Odisha, [[India]], and [[hymn]] writer.<ref>Henry Sweetser Burrage ''Baptist Hymn Writers and Their Hymns'' 1888 "AMOS SUTTON. 1802–1854. This devoted missionary of Christ, of humble parentage, was born at Sevenoaks in Kent, 21 January 1802. When his school life was over, he was placed in a large business establishment in the metropolis, but the temptations of a great city proved too strong for him. Returning to his home in the country, the faithful ministry of his pastor was blessed to his conversion, and he was baptized, and joined the Baptist church at Sevenoaks. Soon he was actively employed in Sunday-school teaching,"</ref> He published the first English grammar of the [[Odia language]] (1831),<ref>Current Trends in Linguistics Thomas Albert Sebeok- 1976 Volume 14 – Page 135 "Oriya teaching material. The Practical hand-book of the Uriya or Óḍiyá language by T. J. Maltby (1874) is a very important landmark in the publication of Oriya grammar (with text) after Sutton's Introduction to Oriya published almost a generation ..."</ref> a History (1839), and Geography (1840), then the first dictionary of Odia (1841–43),<ref>Manmath Nath Das Sidelights on History and Culture of Orissa 1977 – Page 463 "Sutton wrote Oriya grammar in 1831, History in 1839, and Geography in 1840. The Calcutta School Books Society published Sutton's Oriya Primer and Padartha Vidya Sara (elementary science). Sutton compiled Oriya Dictionary in 1843."</ref> as well as a translation of the [[Bible]] (1842–45). He also composed a hymn to the tune of "[[Auld Lang Syne]]": "Hail, sweetest, dearest tie, that binds"<ref>Don Carlos Janes, A Trip Abroad p173 "... to the tune of "Auld Lang Syne": Hail, sweetest, dearest tie, that binds Our glowing hearts in one; Hail, sacred hope, that tunes our minds To harmony divine. It is the hope, the blissful hope Which Jesus' words afford – The hope,"</ref> and wrote a ''History of the mission to Orissa: the site of the temple of [[Juggernaut]]'' (1835).<ref>Amos Sutton, [https://books.google.com/books?id=_1QoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA40 ''History of the mission to Orissa''] [[American Sunday School Union]]</ref><ref name="R1">{{cite book |last= Anderson |first= Gerald H. |title= Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions |publisher= Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ8BFk9K0ToC&pg=PA534 |year= 1999|page= 652|isbn=978-0-8028-4680-8}}</ref><ref name="R2">{{cite web |url= http://www.tower.com/history-mission-orissa-site-temple-juggernaut-amos-sutton-paperback/wapi/113843856 |title= History Of The Mission To Orissa: The Site Of The Temple Of Juggernaut (1835) (Paperback) |publisher= tower.com |accessdate= 10 May 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160815091510/http://www.tower.com/history-mission-orissa-site-temple-juggernaut-amos-sutton-paperback/wapi/113843856 |archive-date= 15 August 2016 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="hym">{{cite web |url=http://www.hymnary.org/person/Sutton_A1 |title= Sutton, Amos, 1798–1854 |quote= Sutton, Amos, D.D., was born at Sevenoaks, Kent, on Jan. 21, 1802 |publisher=hymnary.org |accessdate= 8 May 2012 }}</ref>

== Biography ==
At the age of 21, he was recruited by General Baptist Foreign Missionary Society for missionary service. He was trained for the ministry under J.G. Pike, founder of the Connexion's Missionary Society in [[Derby]]. After a brief period in home ministry, he was sent as a missionary to India in 1824 by [[BMS World Mission|Baptist Missionary Society]], two years after [[William Bampton]] and [[James Peggs]], the first two Baptist missionaries, had entered Odisha. Sutton along with his wife, Charlotte Sutton ''née'' Collins, sailed to Calcutta (now [[Kolkata]]) and joined the missionary work at station [[Cuttack]] in modern-day [[Odisha]] on 11 March 1825. Soon after their arrival to his mission station, his first wife Charlotte died in [[Puri]] due to sickness. He later married Elizabeth Coleman, an [[Americans|American]] Baptist missionary widow.<ref name="R1"/><ref name="hym"/><ref name="bwa">{{cite web|url=http://www.bwa-baptist-heritage.org/hst-oris.htm |title=Who are the Baptists? – Bengal Orissa Mission |quote=Mrs. and Rev. Amos Sutton joined in the missionary work in Odisha on 11 March 1825 arriving at Cuttack. Shortly, Mrs. Sutton became sick and died at Puri. |publisher=bwa-baptist-heritage.org |accessdate=8 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320160939/http://www.bwa-baptist-heritage.org/hst-oris.htm |archivedate=20 March 2012 }}</ref><ref name="fnd">{{cite web |url= http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0NXG/is_1_41/ai_n26878182/ |title= Canadian Baptist mission work among women in Andhra, India, 1874–1924: Baptist women evolved a role for themselves in an otherwise male-dominated mission enterprise and a patriarchal Telugu society |work= Amos Sutton – preached in the northernmost parts of Andhra Pradesh in 1805 but failed to achieve his objectives, and he did not venture again into the region, confining his ministry instead to the Oriya-speaking districts. |publisher= findarticles.com |accessdate= 2 May 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Stirling |first= Andrew |author2=James Peggs|title= Orissa: Its Geography, Statistics, History, Religion and Antiquities |publisher= author |url= https://archive.org/details/orissaitsgeogra00pegggoog|year=1846|pages=[https://archive.org/details/orissaitsgeogra00pegggoog/page/n400 363]–365 |work= Oxford University}}</ref>

=== Missionary work ===
The missionary began the evangelism and recorded the first Odia conversion in 1828. By 1841, Sutton had trained three Odia [[evangelism|evangelists]] at Cuttack. By 1846, when the students increased to eight, he formalised the class as the ''Cuttack Mission Academy''. By 1805, the Baptist missionary society and later Amos Sutton under the auspices of [[Serampore Trio]] — [[William Carey (missionary)|William Carey]], [[Joshua Marshman]], and [[William Ward (missionary)|William Ward]]—attempted to preach to [[Telugu people|Telugu-speaking people]] in the northernmost parts of present [[Andhra Pradesh]] — adjoining areas of Odisha such as [[Chicacole]] (present [[Srikakulam]]) and [[Vizagapatnam]] (present [[Vizag]] or [[Visakhapatnam]]). Baptist missionary attempts and Amos Sutton's objective to evangelize [[Telugu people|Telugus]] failed and the missionaries didn't venture to the Telugu regions again, confining themselves to Odia-speaking districts.<ref name="R1"/><ref name="fnd"/>

As the Baptist Missionary Society was not able to support the Odisha missionary work, through his second wife he was able to get contact details of the American [[Free Will Baptists]]. Sutton contacted the Free Will Baptists Mission mentioning the great needs of Odisha and adjoining Telugu-speaking areas; accordingly, he received an invitation from the convention to visit America.<ref name="bwa"/><ref name="fnd"/>

Sutton and his wife visited England and the United States and spent two years between 1833 and 1835 sharing their mission fields. During their visit to United States, he spoke at the seventh General conference of the Free Will Baptists in October 1833 before an audience of 3,000 people inspiring them to devote their life to the missionary service. At this conference, [[Jeremiah Phillips]] and Eli Noyes came forward to offer their service to Odia-speaking people.<ref name="hym"/><ref name="bwa"/><ref name="fnd"/>

While visiting his relatives in the United States in 1835, he urged the Baptist convention in [[Virginia]] to take over the abandoned work among the Telugus; accordingly, [[Samuel S. Day]], a [[Canada|Canadian]]-born American [[Baptist]] missionary, and E. L. Abbot, including their wives were sent by American Baptist Foreign Mission Board to the Telugu-speaking provinces along with Sutton.<ref name="bwa"/><ref name="fnd"/>

On 22 September 1835, Amos Sutton, Jeremiah Phillips, Eli Noyes, Samuel S. Day, including their wives and several other missionaries sailed to India. After 136 days of sailing, they arrived Calcutta. From Calcutta, they travelled by land and joined their respective mission stations – E. L. Abbot departed to [[Burma]], while the Day family proceeded to the Telugu-speaking provinces and arrived at Vizagapatnam – Amos Sutton, Eli Noyes, and Jeremiah Phillips proceeded to the Odia-speaking provinces and arrived at Cuttack where the British Baptist Missionaries were already working – Jeremiah Phillips and Eli Noyes dedicated their missionary service to [[Santals]]. Amos Sutton soon became the corresponding secretary of the new Free Will Baptist Missionary.<ref name="bwa"/><ref name="fnd"/>

== Bibliography ==
Sutton devoted himself to learning the local Odia language, as soon as he arrived the mission station. Sutton being a gifted translator, soon compiled an Odia grammar, and dictionary in three volumes, as well as translating a number of English books such as [[Pilgrim's Progress]] by [[John Bunyan]] – in Odia named ''Swaga Jatrira Britanta'' – and also a complete translation of the Bible. Amos Sutton's ''Introductory Grammar of Oriya language'' published in 1831, happens to be the oldest publication available in the Oriya Language Collection to date.<ref name="R1"/><ref name="hym"/><ref name="bwa"/><ref name="nat">
{{cite web |url= http://www.nationallibrary.gov.in/nat_lib_stat/collection.html |title= Indian Languages Collection – Oriya Language Collection |quote= The oldest publication available in the Oriya collection dates back to 1831. It is Rev. Amos Sutton’s Introductory Grammar of Oriya Language |publisher= nationallibrary.gov.in |accessdate= 24 April 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140624045141/http://www.nationallibrary.gov.in/nat_lib_stat/collection.html |archive-date= 24 June 2014 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}
</ref>

He published the first volume of his Odia dictionary in 1841, and the next two volumes by 1843. It was printed in the Odisha mission press at Cuttack. The Odia dictionary gives Odia meaning of Odia words with English synonyms. Sutton also prepared a dictionary named ''Sadhu Bhasharthabhidhan'', a vocabulary of current [[Sanskrit]] terms with Odia definitions which was also printed in Odisha mission press in 1844.<ref name="R1"/><ref name="hym"/><ref name="nat"/><ref name="R3">{{cite book |last= Amaresh |first= Datta|title= Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|publisher= Sahitya Akademi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1030 |year= 1988 |pages= 1029–1030 |isbn=978-81-260-1194-0}}</ref>

He published ''Dharmapustakara Adibhaya'' between 1842 and 1843. He also published the ''History of the Mission To Orissa: The Site of the Temple of Juggernaut'' in 1835. In addition to Odia tracts, he published ''A Narrative of the Mission to Orissa'' in 1844, ''Orissa and its Evangelization'' in 1850, ''an autobiography, the Happy Transformation'' in 1844, and compiled ''Padarthavidyasara'' to be taught as textbook in the schools of Odisha.<ref name="R1"/><ref name="hym"/><ref name="nat"/><ref name="R3"/><ref>{{cite book |last= Sutton |first= Amos |author2=American Sunday-School Union|title= History of the mission to Orissa|publisher= American Sunday-School Union |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_1QoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5 |year= 1835|work= Harvard University }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Datta |first= Amaresh |title= Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature |publisher= Sahitya Akademy|year= 1988 |page= 1134 |isbn=978-81-260-1194-0}}</ref>

As a hymn writer, he prepared the first Odia hymn book—179 of the hymns being of his own composition. He composed hymns, especially for divine worship, public, private, and social occasions. Amos Sutton's hymns appear to have been the first [[Protestant]] hymnal printed in [[India]]. On his visit to England in 1833, he composed a farewell hymn to the tune of ''Auld Lang Syne'' – "Hail sweetest, dearest tie, that binds". This soon became very popular and is still in common use.<ref name="hym"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://blogs.libraries.claremont.edu/sc/2010/06/first-protestant-hymnal-printe.html |title= Protestant Hymnal Printed in India |quote= Believed to be the first Protestant hymnal printed in India is Amos Sutton's Hymns Especially Designed for Divine Worship Public, Social, and Private |publisher=blogs.libraries.claremont.edu |accessdate= 24 April 2012 }}</ref>

== Awards ==
* A degree of [[Doctor of Divinity|D.D.]] was conferred on him by the [[Colby College|College of Waterville]], USA.<ref name="hym"/>

== See also ==
* [[Missionary#The British missionary societies|The British missionary societies]]
* [[Pyarimohan Acharya]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
15. Unnavimsa Satabdiku Missionary Dr. Amos Suttonnka Dana by Dr. Smaran Kumar Nayak (The Contribution of Missionary Dr. Amos Sutton to Nineteenth Century Orissa, Published by Jagannath Ratha, Cuttack.
16. History of the Oriya Missionary Literature by Dr. Smaran Kumar Nayak.
17. The History of Orissa Mission Press by Dr. Smaran Kumar Nayak.

== External links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/annualreportiss00convgoog/page/n34  Annual report, Issues 1–18 – American and Foreign Bible Society, Bible Convention]
* [http://www.erudit.org/revue/ttr/2005/v18/n2/015766ar.pdf Missionary Position: The Irony of Translational Activism in Colonial Orissa]
* [https://www.scribd.com/doc/34732553/ORISSA-in-the-CROSSFIRE-Kandhamal-Burning ORISSA in the CROSSFIRE]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sutton, Amos}}
[[Category:1854 deaths]]
[[Category:Baptist missionaries in India]]
[[Category:1802 births]]
[[Category:19th-century English people]]
[[Category:English Baptist missionaries]]
[[Category:English hymnwriters]]
[[Category:19th-century Baptist ministers]]
[[Category:English Baptist ministers]]
[[Category:19th-century English musicians]]
[[Category:Odia-language writers]]

Amos Sutton - Revision history

->InternetArchiveBot at 21:27, 5 March 2020