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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Anamudi
| photo = AnaimudiPeak DSC 4834.jpg
| photo_caption = A view of the Anamudi peak from the Naikolli Mala ridge
| map = Kerala#India
| map_caption = Location of Anamudi Peak in Kerala
| location = Border of [[Kothamangalam]] Taluk, [[Ernakulam]] district and [[Devikulam]] Taluk, [[Idukki district]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]<ref name = "soimap">{{cite map
|title = Web Map Service
|url = http://www.surveykshan.gov.in/
|publisher = Survey of India
|language = en
|access-date = 2017-12-11
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190501105041/http://www.surveykshan.gov.in/
|archive-date = 1 May 2019
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>
| label_position = right
| elevation_m = 2695
| elevation_ref = <ref name="kertour">{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/munnar/anamudi-peak-kerala.php|title=Anamudi|publisher=Kerala Tourism|access-date= 2014-11-26}}</ref><ref name="eravinp">{{cite web|url=http://eravikulam.org/eco-tourism-programs/|title=Explore Wild Munnar|publisher=Eravikulam National Park|access-date= 2014-11-26}}</ref>
| prominence_m = 2479
| prominence_ref= <ref name="peaklist"/>
| listing = [[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]]<br /> [[List of Indian states and territories by highest point]]
| translation = Elephant mountain
| language = [[Malayalam]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| range = [[Anaimalai Hills]], [[Western Ghats]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10.16923|N|77.06066|E|type:mountain_region:IN_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| topo =
| coordinates_ref = <ref name="peakbagger"/>
| type = [[Fault-block mountain|Fault-block]]
| age = [[Cenozoic]] (100 to 80 [[mya (unit)|mya]])
| first_ascent = [[Douglas Hamilton|General Douglas Hamilton]] in 1862
| easiest_route = hike
| other_name = Anaimudi
| range_coordinates =
}}
{{Attractions near Munnar}}
'''Anamudi''' is a mountain located in [[Idukki district]]s of the Indian state of [[Kerala]]. It is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and in South India, at an elevation of {{convert|2695|m|ft}}<ref name="kertour"/><ref name="eravinp"/> and a [[topographic prominence]] of {{convert|2479|m|ft}}.<ref name="peaklist"/> It lies on the border of [[Idukki district]] and [[Ernakulam district]].<ref name = "soimap"/> The name Anamudi literally translates to "elephant's head" a reference to the resemblance of the mountain to an elephant's head.<ref>{{harvnb|The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 5|1909|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_342.gif 334]|Ref=imp}}</ref>
Anamudi is the highest mountain in peninsular India as well as the largest mountain in Kerala. Meanwhile, the highest independent mountain ( free-standing mountain ) in Kerala is the Cheriyam mountain in [[Malappuram district]]. Cheriyam mountain is located at an elevation of 613 m (2,011 ft) above sea level.

The first recorded ascent of Anamudi was by General [[Douglas Hamilton]] of the Madras Army on 4 May 1862,{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} but it is likely that there had been earlier ascents by local people.

Anamudi peak is one of only three ultra prominent peaks in [[List of Ultras of Tibet, East Asia and neighbouring areas|South India]]. It is also the peak with the greatest [[topographic isolation]] within India.<ref name="isolist">{{cite web|url=http://peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=302|title=World Peaks with 300 km of Isolation|publisher=Peakbagger.com|access-date= 2017-11-12}}</ref>It is the highest point in India south of [[Himalayas]]. Thus it is known as "'''Everest of South India'''".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/opinion/up-the-everest-of-the-south/2017/07/25/1633161.html |title= Up the Everest of the South - The New Indian Express |access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref>
The peak is not exceptionally dramatic in term of steepness or local relief and is a [[fault-block mountain]].<ref name="brit">{{cite book|last=Hoiberg|first=Dale|author2=Ramchandani, Indu|title=Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5|editor=Dale Hoiberg|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2000|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Kpd9lLY_0-IC&lpg=PA63&pg=PA63#v=onepage&q=&f=false 63]|isbn=0-85229-760-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kpd9lLY_0-IC&pg=PP1}}</ref> It is located in the southern region of [[Eravikulam National Park]] at the junction of the [[Cardamom Hills]], the [[Anaimalai Hills]] and the [[Palani Hills]]. The nearest town is [[Munnar]], {{convert|13|km|mi}}. The easiest route to the summit of Anamudi is a technically easy hike on grass slopes, starting from a rolling hill plateau with a base elevation of about {{convert|2000|m|ft}}. The north and south slopes are gentle, while the east and west slopes are steeper, with more difficult rock faces.

Anamudi and the [[Eravikulam National Park]] surrounding it is home to the largest surviving population of the [[Nilgiri tahr]] (''[[Nilgiritragus hylocrius]]''). [[Asian elephant]]s, [[gaur]], [[Bengal tiger]]s, and the [[Nilgiri marten]] (Martes gwatkinsii) are some of the species of animals found here .<ref name="imp220"/> The Anamudi peak<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaaffairs.com/anamudi-peak-eravikulam-national-park/ |title=Anamudi peak |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503065412/http://www.keralaaffairs.com/anamudi-peak-eravikulam-national-park/ |archive-date=3 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> area is also habitat of a unique frog ''[[Raorchestes resplendens]]''.<ref name="eravisig">{{cite web |url=http://eravikulam.org/significance/|title=Significance of Eravikulam National Park|publisher= Eravikulam National Park|access-date=2014-11-26}}</ref> This newly discovered species is located in the Eravikulam National Park and is restricted to less than three km<sup>2</sup> on the summit of Anamudi.<ref name="anamhin">{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/New-species-of-frog-found-in-Eravikulam-National-Park/article16298734.ece|title=New species of frog found in Eravikulam National Park|date=5 May 2010|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=12 July 2019}}</ref> The summit of the Anamudi is vegetated with patches of stunted ''[[Arundinaria]] densifolia'' and ''[[Gaultheria]] fragrantissima'' (wintergreen), ''[[Anaphalis]]'' sp., ''[[Impatiens]]'' and some species of ''Eriocaulon''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eravikulam.org/managementplan.htm |title=Eravikulam National Park Management Plan |publisher=[[Eravikulam National Park]] |access-date=2009-12-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100404152119/http://www.eravikulam.org/managementplan.htm |archive-date=2010-04-04 }}</ref>

== Climatic zones and biomes ==
[[Image:The View of the Athirapally Falls during the onset of Monsoon.jpg|thumb|top|left|200px|[[Athirappilly Falls]], the largest waterfall in [[Kerala]], which is also known as ''The [[Niagara Falls|Niagara]] of India'', lies on the background of [[Chalakudy River]], which originates from the peak of Anamudi]]
Anamudi is the highest peak in the [[Western Ghats]] in [[India]],<ref name="vedwake"/> having an elevation of {{convert|2695|m|ft}}.<ref name="kertour"/><ref name="eravinp"/><ref name=peakbagger/> Anamudi is also the highest point in South India.<ref name="imp220">{{harvnb|The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 12|1909|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_226.gif 220]|Ref=imp}}</ref> This gives Anamudi its relatively large topographic prominence of {{convert|2479|m|ft}}, the associated key saddle being over {{convert|2000|km|mi}} away at {{coord|28|35|20|N|76|27|59|E}} in [[Haryana]] state just to the west of [[Delhi]].<ref name="peaklist">{{cite web|url=http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/south_india.html|title=Southern India Mountain Ultra-Prominence|publisher=Peaklist.org|access-date= 2009-12-14}}</ref> The peak is the highest point of the [[Periyar River]] basin.<ref name="dyuthi.cusat">{{cite web
|url=http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/purl/98/Dyuthi-T0237.pdf
|title=Studies on the nature and chemistry of sediments and water of Periyar and Chalakudy Rivers, Kerala, India by Maya K.
|access-date=2005-03-01
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705052926/https://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/purl/98/Dyuthi-T0237.pdf
|archive-date=5 July 2017
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
[[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system]] classifies it as [[subtropical highland climate|subtropical highland]] (''Cwb''). [[Sholas]] are found in its valleys, like most meadows of the [[Western Ghats]].<ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{cite web|title=Climate: Munnar: Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/34154/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|access-date=2013-08-28}}</ref>

{{Weather box|width = auto
|location= Munnar
|metric first= yes
|single line= yes
|temperature colour = pastel
|Jan record high C = 16.2
|Feb record high C = 18.0
|Mar record high C = 20
|Apr record high C = 22.0
|May record high C = 26.2
|Jun record high C = 25.5
|Jul record high C = 22.0
|Aug record high C = 21.9
|Sep record high C = 19.8
|Oct record high C = 19.2
|Nov record high C = 18.7
|Dec record high C = 17.8
|year record high C = 26.2
|Jan high C= 10.2
|Feb high C= 12.5
|Mar high C= 14.4
|Apr high C= 15.7
|May high C= 16.8
|Jun high C= 15.5
|Jul high C= 13.8
|Aug high C= 13.2
|Sep high C= 12.7
|Oct high C= 12.2
|Nov high C= 12
|Dec high C= 11.5

|Jan mean C= 6.6
|Feb mean C= 9.0
|Mar mean C= 10.8
|Apr mean C= 11.8
|May mean C= 12.6
|Jun mean C= 11.8
|Jul mean C= 10.8
|Aug mean C= 10.3
|Sep mean C= 9.7
|Oct mean C= 9.2
|Nov mean C= 8.9
|Dec mean C= 8.15

|Jan low C= 3
|Feb low C= 5.5
|Mar low C= 7.2
|Apr low C= 8
|May low C= 8.5
|Jun low C= 8.2
|Jul low C= 7.8
|Aug low C= 7.5
|Sep low C= 6.8
|Oct low C= 6.2
|Nov low C= 5.8
|Dec low C= 5.0
|Jan record low C = -7.2
|Feb record low C = -3.5
|Mar record low C = -1.4
|Apr record low C = 2.0
|May record low C = 5.6
|Jun record low C = 5.0
|Jul record low C = 4.5
|Aug record low C = 4.0
|Sep record low C = 3.8
|Oct record low C = 3.0
|Nov record low C = -2
|Dec record low C = -4.5
|year record low C = -7.2
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm=18
|Feb precipitation mm=29
|Mar precipitation mm=47
|Apr precipitation mm=129
|May precipitation mm=189
|Jun precipitation mm=420
|Jul precipitation mm=583
|Aug precipitation mm=364
|Sep precipitation mm=210
|Oct precipitation mm=253
|Nov precipitation mm=164
|Dec precipitation mm=64

|Jan rain days= 2
|Feb rain days= 2
|Mar rain days= 3
|Apr rain days= 6
|May rain days= 8
|Jun rain days= 9
|Jul rain days= 10
|Aug rain days= 9
|Sep rain days= 10
|Oct rain days= 12
|Nov rain days= 8
|Dec rain days= 5


|Jan sun= 248
|Feb sun= 232
|Mar sun= 248
|Apr sun= 240
|May sun= 217
|Jun sun= 120
|Jul sun= 124
|Aug sun= 124
|Sep sun= 150
|Oct sun= 155
|Nov sun= 180
|Dec sun= 217

|source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org'', altitude: 2695m<ref name="Climate-Data.org"/>


|source 2 = ''Weather2Travel'' for sunshine and rainy days<ref>{{cite web|title=Munnar Climate and Weather Averages, Kerala|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/india/kerala/munnar.php|publisher=Weather2Travel|access-date=2013-08-28}}</ref>

|date=January 2015}}

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="160" perrow="3">
File:Blue Mountains, Anaimudi.jpg|Anamudi as seen from an aircraft. The peak is in the center of the image with a small white cloud seen behind its rounded summit
File:Anamudi-flight1.jpg|Anamudi, on the right, as seen on the descent towards Cochin International Airport from the Delhi-Kochi flight
File:Anamudi from Munnar Gundumalai road.jpg|Anamudi, on the right, as seen from the Munnar-Udumalpettai highway
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Eravikulam National Park]]
* [[Munnar]]
* [[Pallivasal]]
* [[Pooyamkutty]]

==Citations==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=peakbagger>
{{cite peakbagger | pid = 10664 | title = Anai Mudi, India | accessdate = 2009-12-14}}</ref>
<ref name="vedwake">
{{cite web|url=http://www.vedantawakeup.com/places-to-visit-in-kerala-munnar/anamudi/|title=Anamudi - Kerala|publisher=Vedanta Wake up!|access-date=2014-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205212406/http://www.vedantawakeup.com/places-to-visit-in-kerala-munnar/anamudi/|archive-date=2014-12-05|url-status=dead}}
</ref>
}}

==References==
* {{Citation
|surname=Hunter
|given=William Wilson
|year=2009
|title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India
|publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC
|isbn=978-1-110-35940-0
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xIrcAqB0jyUC&pg=PP1}}.
* {{cite book
|last=Hunter
|first=William Wilson
|author2=James Sutherland Cotton |author3=Richard Burn |author4=William Stevenson Meyer |author5=Great Britain India Office
|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/
|title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India
|volume=11
|publisher=Clarendon Press
|year=1909
|access-date=2009-01-07
|ref=imp| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081216124143/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/| archive-date= 16 December 2008 | url-status= live}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Anamudi}}
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/southbangalore/7580992514/in/set-72157629875928883 Beautiful natural sound of flowing water on Anamudi slope near peak]

{{Kerala}}
{{Western Ghats}}
{{Tourism in Kerala}}

[[Category:Mountains of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Mountains of Kerala]]
[[Category:Geography of Idukki district]]
[[Category:Two-thousanders of Asia]]
[[Category:Highest points of Indian states and union territories]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Idukki district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kerala]]
[http://www.vedantawakeup.com/highest-peaks-in-tamil-nadu-and-southern-india/ Highest peaks in Southern India]

Anamudi - Revision history

>Viewmont Viking at 14:00, 2 July 2021