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'''Ānandavardhana''' (c. 820–890 CE) was the author of ''Dhvanyāloka'', or ''A Light on Suggestion'' (''dhvani''), a work articulating the philosophy of "aesthetic suggestion" (''dhvani'', ''vyañjanā''). The philosopher [[Abhinavagupta]] (c. 950 – 1016 CE) wrote an important commentary on it, the ''Locana'', or ''The Eye''.

Ānandavardhana is credited with creating the ''dhvani'' theory. He wrote that ''dhvani'' (meaning sound, or [[resonance]]) is the "soul" or "essence" (''ātman'') of poetry (''kavya'')."<ref name = "premnath_p11">{{Citation| last = Premnath | first = Devadasan | last2 = Foskett (Ed.) | first2 = Mary | last3 = Kuan (Ed.) | first3 = Kah-Jin | title = Ways of Being, Ways of Reading: Asian American Biblical Interpretation | publisher = Chalice Press | date = 15 November 2006 | pages = 11 | isbn = 978-0-8272-4254-8}}</ref> "When the poet writes," said Ānandavardhana, "he creates a resonant field of emotions." To understand the poetry, the reader or hearer must be on the same "[[wavelength]]." The method requires sensitivity on the parts of the writer and the reader.<ref name = "premnath_p11"/> The complete ''Dhvanyāloka'' together with Abhinavagupta's commentary on it has been translated into English by the Sanskritist [[Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Sr.|Daniel H.H. Ingalls]] and his collaborators.<ref>{{citation | title = The Dhvanyaloka of Ānandavardhana with the Locana of Abhinavagupta |author1=Anandavardhana |author2=Abhinavagupta|author3=Daniel H.H. Ingalls|author4=J.M. Masson|author5=M.V.Patwardhan|publisher=[[Harvard Oriental Series]]}}</ref>

==Assessment by Modern Sanskritists==
Modern Sanskritists have a very high opinion of Ānandavardhana. Commenting on Ānandavardhana's ''Dhvanyaloka'', [[Pandurang Vaman Kane|P.V. Kane]] writes that "the Dhvanyāloka is an epoch-making work in the history of Alaṅkāra literature. It occupies the same position in poetics as Pāṇini's Aṣtādhyāyī in grammar and Śaṅkarācarya's commentary on Vedānta".<ref>[[Prithivi Nath Kaul Bamzai |P. N. K Bamzai]], [http://www.koausa.org/Vitasta/1a.html "Kashmir—The Home of Sanskrit Language and Literature"]. Kashmiri Overseas Assoc.</ref> And [[Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Sr.|Daniel H.H. Ingalls]] calls Ānandavardhana 'the most brilliant of all Sanskrit critics'.<ref>{{citation | title = An Anthology of Sanskrit Court Poetry |author1=Vidyakara | author2=Daniel H.H. Ingalls|publisher=Harvard Oriental Series|page=48}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674202788 The ''Dhvanyaloka'' of Anandavardhana with the ''Locana'' of Abhinavagupta] (for purchase only).
*Revised [http://gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de/gretil.htm#Alamk GRETIL e-text] (untranslated) of the ''Dhvanyāloka'', based on the edition by K. Krishnamoorthy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1982.

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:9th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:9th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri writers]]
[[Category:820s births]]
[[Category:890 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Scholars from Jammu and Kashmir]]

{{india-philosopher-stub}}
The three types of poems dhwani kavya ,gunibhuta vangiya kavya ,chitra kavya are explained by Anandha vardhana . Dhvani kavya is the best poetry,Gunibhuta vangiya kavya is second class and third or low class is Chitra kavya.

Anandavardhana - Revision history

imported>Marcocapelle at 19:07, 27 July 2021