Delinker at 11:50, 31 July 2023

2023-07-31T11:50:48Z

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{{Expand list}}{{See|Ancient Manipur}}
[[File:Kangla Fort Complex, Imphal (10).jpeg|thumb|center|upright=2.5|A pair of [[Kanglasha]] dragon structures in the inner zone of the [[Kangla]], [[Imphal]].]]
[[File:Kangla Temple.JPG|thumb|center|upright=2.5|An ancient temple inside the [[Kangla]], [[Imphal]].]]
'''[[Manipur]] (Kangleipak)''' has one of the oldest civilization histories in the world. Culturally, Manipur has a very long and rich heritage. This list does not include the historical sites of [[Medieval Manipur]].
Here is a list of the ancient sites found in the present day [[States of India|Indian state]] of [[Manipur]]:

==List==
=== Bihu Loukon ===
{{Main|Bihu Loukon}}
[[File:Bihu_Loukon_-_Starfort.jpg|thumb|center|upright=2.5|An aerial view of the fort, shot from [[Google Earth]] in 2013.]]
The '''Bihu Loukon''' ({{lang-mni|ꯕꯤꯍꯨ ꯂꯧꯀꯣꯟ}}) or the '''Chenglei Leipak''' ({{lang-omp|ꯆꯦꯡꯂꯩ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ}}) is an ancient star shaped mud fortress built in a prehistoric era. Archeological survey proved that it is much older than those structures in the [[Kangla]]. With the collective teamwork of the historians and the archeologists, the site is opined to be the place of dominion of the [[Chenglei dynasty]] (Chenglei Leipāk).<ref>http://www.starforts.com/bihuloukon.html</ref><ref>http://kanglaonline.com/2013/03/ancient-star-shaped-mud-fort-discovered-at-maklang/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150923165015/http://www.thesangaiexpress.com/page/items/52529/one-day-seminar-held</ref>
<mapframe latitude="24.8052141" longitude="93.8195098" zoom="12" width="400" height="300" align="right" />

=== Imphal Polo Ground ===
{{Main|Imphal Polo Ground}}
[[File:Manipur Polo.jpeg]]
The '''Imphal Polo Ground''', originally known as the '''Mapal Kangjeibung''' ({{lang-omp|ꯃꯄꯥꯜ ꯀꯥꯡꯆꯩꯄꯨꯡ}}), is the oldest Polo Ground in the world. It has its earliest recorded history of existence right from 15th century BC (3500 years old). It is located in the hearts of [[Imphal]], the present day metropolis of [[Manipur]].<ref>https://sportztalk.com/exploring-the-worlds-oldest-polo-ground/</ref><ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/travel/manipur-the-place-where-polo-was-born/story-uyfQePncOT6QVn42yw0ytI_amp.html</ref><ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/amp/news/exploring-the-world-s-oldest-polo-ground.html</ref>

=== Kangla ===
{{Main|Kangla}}
[[File:Kangla Sha.JPG|thumb|The grand statues of the dragon lions, standing inside the Kangla.]]
'''Kangla''' ({{lang-omp|ꯀꯪꯂꯥ}}) literally means the "dry land" or the "antique land" in the [[Ancient Meitei language]]. It is the centre of administration of the rulers of many dynasties, among which the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] appeared to be the most powerful in the [[History of Manipur]]. It has its earliest recorded history of existence from the 15th century BC.<ref>http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Kangla.Kangla_The_ancient_Capital_of_Manipur</ref>
=== Keke Moilang ===
{{Main|Ancient Moirang}}
The '''Keke Moilang''' ({{lang-omp|ꯀꯦꯀꯦ ꯃꯣꯏꯂꯥꯡ}}) or the '''Kege Moirang''' ({{lang-mni|ꯀꯦꯒꯦ ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡ}}) was a civilization and a southern province in [[Ancient Manipur]]. It was the kingdom dominated by the [[Moirang dynasty]] (starts from 52 BC) for more than 2000 consecutive years. It flourished in the shores of the [[Loktak lake]].<ref>http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Moirang_Kangleirol.History_of_Moirang_Moirang_and_Ebuthou_Thangjing_Part_5</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S_4dAAAAMAAJ&q=ancient+Moirang+kingdom&dq=ancient+Moirang+kingdom&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHs73Nt7buAhUL63MBHQP_BXkQ6AEwCXoECAUQAg</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0-AGCwb72zsC&pg=PA906&dq=ancient+Moirang+kingdom&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHs73Nt7buAhUL63MBHQP_BXkQ6AEwBHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=ancient%20Moirang%20kingdom&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=X0kiAAAAMAAJ&q=ancient+Moirang+kingdom&dq=ancient+Moirang+kingdom&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHs73Nt7buAhUL63MBHQP_BXkQ6AEwAnoECAAQAg</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PA10&dq=ancient+Moirang&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgkcemt7buAhV_4nMBHUBNBtwQ6AEwBXoECAgQAg#v=onepage&q=ancient%20Moirang&f=false</ref>

=== Khuman Leipaak ===
{{Main|Khuman Leipaak}}
The '''Khuman Leipaak''' ({{lang-omp|ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ}}) was a historical place predominantly occupied by the [[Khuman dynasty]] as the region of their administration in [[Ancient Manipur]]. Its capital city was the [[Mayang Imphal]], an ancient city in the left banks of the [[Imphal River]].<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8EMKAQAAIAAJ&q=khuman+kingdom&dq=khuman+kingdom&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrq6jntOLuAhURG6YKHU-PD58Q6AEwAXoECAAQAg</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&q=khuman+principality&dq=khuman+principality&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwih6K6EtuLuAhWiL6YKHXs1AiQ4ChDoATADegQICBAC</ref>

=== Konthoujam Lairembi sacred site ===
{{Main|Konthoujam Lairembi gi Khubam}}

The '''Konthoujam Lairembi gi Khubam''' ({{lang-omp|ꯀꯣꯟꯊꯧꯆꯝ ꯂꯥꯢꯂꯦꯝꯄꯤ ꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯐꯝ}}) is a 3000 years old sacred site dedicated to goddess [[Konthoujam Lairembi]] of the ancient [[Meitei religion]]. It is characterized by the presence of the thick banyan groves, a temple structure, an ancient stone inscription and a pair of concrete [[Hiyang Hiren]] structures.<ref>http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.Three_millennia_mythology_still_resonates_at_Konthoujam_Lairembi_By_Phanjoubam_Chingkheinganba</ref>
=== Manung Kangjeibung ===
{{Main|Manung Kangjeibung}}
The '''Manung Kangjeibung''' ({{lang-mni|ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯡꯖꯩꯕꯨꯡ}}) is an ancient pologround located inside the [[Kangla]]. It is one of the three significant ancient playgrounds for the [[Sagol Kangjei]], a primitive form of the modern [[polo]] in [[Ancient Manipur]].<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Qs4BAAAAMAAJ&q=manung+kangjeibung&dq=manung+kangjeibung&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjE1rKJmsTvAhVPOysKHZbpBEYQ6AEwAHoECAUQAw</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Xsrgg1Mel8UC&pg=PA72&dq=manung+kangjeibung&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjE1rKJmsTvAhVPOysKHZbpBEYQ6AEwAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=manung%20kangjeibung&f=false</ref>
[[File:Polo-field_old_kangla_imphal.JPG|thumb|center|upright=2.5|Manung Kangjeibung, the inner polo ground, inner inside the [[Kangla]], [[Manipur]]]]

=== Willong Khullen ===
{{Main|Stonehenge of Manipur}}
[[File:Stone_Erections_of_Willong_Khullen.jpg|thumb|center|250px|Stonehenge of Manipur]]

The '''Willong Khullen''' ({{lang-mni|ꯋꯤꯜꯂꯣꯡ ꯈꯨꯜꯂꯦꯟ}}), popularly known as the '''"Stonehenge of Manipur"''', is an early prehistoric megalithic site, found in the northern [[Manipur]]. Currently, less information is obtained for there is little archeological survey conducted at the site.<ref>https://www.mysteryofindia.com/2014/10/stonehenge-of-manipur.html</ref><ref>http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=2..041212.dec12</ref>
=== Temple of Pakhangpa ===
{{Main|Iputhou Pakhangba Laishang}}
[[File:Temple of Sanamahi.jpg|thumb|center|The architecture of [[Iputhou Pakhangba Laishang]] inside the [[Kangla]].]]
The '''Temple of Pakhangpa''' ({{lang-omp|ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯄ ꯀꯪꯂꯥ ꯊꯦꯜꯂꯣꯟ}}) is an ancient temple built in the heart of the [[Kangla]]. The holy building is dedicated to [[Pakhangpa]], a deity in the [[Meitei paganism]]. Recently, in 2010, the temple was re-built and consecrated in a completely modified architectural form due to severe damages in the former structure.<ref>http://www.e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=20..200210.feb10</ref>

=== Temple of Sanamahi ===
{{Main|Sanamahi Temple}}
The '''Sanamahi Temple''' ({{lang-omp|ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ}}) is one of the oldest known sacred buildings in [[Manipur]]. It houses the staue of [[Lainingthou Sanamahi]], the presiding household deity in [[Meitei paganism]].

=== Temple of Thangching ===
{{Main|Ebudhou Thangjing Temple}}
The '''Temple of Thangching''' ({{lang-omp|ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯪ}}) is an ancient temple dedicated to [[Thangching]], the presiding deity of [[Ancient Moirang]] and the progenitor of the [[Moirang dynasty]], located in the hearts of present day [[Moirang]]. It is mentioned in various epic sagas including the [[Khamba Thoibi]].

==Gallery==
[[File:Kangla Fort Complex, Imphal (221).jpeg|thumb]]
An ancient pond (water tank) constructed inside the [[Kangla]].
[[File:Our pride.jpg|thumb]]
The Temple of [[Pakhangpa]] inside the [[Kangla]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Manipur]]
[[Category:Meitei culture]]
[[Category:Archaeology]]
{{Asia-stub}}

{{simple-Wikipedia}}

Ancient Sites in Manipur - Revision history

Delinker at 11:50, 31 July 2023