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{{Short description|Governor of Portuguese-occupied India (1558-1611 AD)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = André Furtado de Mendonça
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| image = André Furtado de Mendonça (Archaeological Survey of India, Goa).jpg
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| order = [[List of governors of Portuguese India|Governor of Portuguese India]]
| office =
| term_start = 1609<ref>{{Cite book |last=Danvers |first=Frederick Charles |url=https://archive.org/details/portugueseinindi02danv |title=The Portuguese in India: Being a History of the Rise and Decline of Their Eastern Empire |publisher=W. H. Allen & Co. |year=1894 |volume=2 |location=London |at=Appendix B, [https://archive.org/details/portugueseinindi02danv/page/487 p. 487] |author-link=Frederic Charles Danvers |via=Archive.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stephens |first=Henry Morse |url=https://archive.org/details/albuquerque00steprich |title=Albuquerque |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1892 |series=Rulers of India, vol. 4 |location=Oxford |page=[https://archive.org/details/albuquerque00steprich/page/13 13] |via=Archive.org}}</ref>
| term_end = 1609 or 1610
| monarch = [[Philip II of Portugal]]
| predecessor = [[Aleixo de Menezes]]
| successor = Rui Lourenço de Távora
| birth_date = 1558
| birth_place = [[Lisbon]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]]
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1611|1558}}
| death_place = [[Kingdom of Portugal]]
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| allegiance = [[Portuguese Empire]]
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| battles = [[Portuguese invasion of the Jaffna kingdom (1591)]] [[Siege of Kottakkal]] [[Ternate expedition (1603)]] [[Siege of Malacca (1606)]] [[Battle of Bantam]] [[Battle of Flores (1592)|Battle of Flores]]
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'''André Furtado de Mendonça''' (1558 – 1 April 1611) was a captain and governor of [[Portuguese India]], and a military commander during Portuguese expansion into Ceylon, India, Indonesia and Malacca.

== Biography ==
He was a son of Afonso Furtado Mendoça, commander of [[Beja, Portugal|Beja]] and [[Rio Maior Municipality|Rio Maior]] and D. Joana Sousa. André Furtado was curious to develop combat knowledge and he started to study combat, meteorology and oceanography and cartography when he was 18 years old. He joined the military and became a successful captain at the age of 25. He served some of the Portuguese colonial countries in the Indian Ocean for the Portuguese Empire.

== Portuguese Ceylon ==
{{Main|Portuguese invasion of Jaffna kingdom (1591)}}
André Furtado de Mendonça led the forces of a company of 1,400 [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] and 3,000 [[lascarins]] against King [[Puviraja Pandaram]] as the second expedition in [[Mannar District|Mannar]] and gained victory, and continued his campaign to the heartland of the [[Jaffna kingdom]].<ref name="karava">{{Cite web |title=The Karava Singhe Dynasty of Jaffna |url=http://karava.org/karava_kings/jaffna_kings |access-date=13 April 2014 |website=Karava of Sri Lanka}}</ref>
Captain André Furtado killed king Puvirasa Pandaram in 1591.<ref name="karava" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Abeysinghe |first=Tikiri |url=http://www.noolaham.net/project/41/4028/4028.pdf |title=Jaffna under the Portuguese |publisher=[[Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited|Lake House]] |year=1986 |isbn=955-552-000-3 |location=Colombo |pages=2, 3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414022956/http://www.noolaham.net/project/41/4028/4028.pdf |archive-date=14 April 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Martyn |first=John H. |url=http://www.noolaham.org/wiki/index.php/Notes_on_Jaffna_-_Chronological,_Historical,_Biographical |title=Notes on Jaffna: Chronological, Historical, Biographical |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=2003 |location=Chennai |pages=2, 138}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajasingham |first=K. T. |date=3 July 2005 |title=Portuguese: Religious Conversion and Ending Tamils' Sovereignty |url=http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2005/07/06/portuguese-religious-conversion-and-ending-tamils%E2%80%99-sovereignty-0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414065540/http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2005/07/06/portuguese-religious-conversion-and-ending-tamils%E2%80%99-sovereignty-0 |archive-date=14 April 2014 |access-date=13 April 2014 |website=[[Asian Tribune]]}}</ref> After the death of Puvirasa Pandaram, his son [[Ethirimana Cinkam]] was installed as the ruler by André Furtado. It created Portuguese overlordship in the region including freedom to Catholic Christian missions. Earlier, Christian missionaries were not allowed during the rule of Puvirasa Pandaram. Gradually, the incumbent king resisted Portuguese overlordship until he was ousted and hanged by [[Phillippe de Oliveira|Filipe de Oliveira]] in 1619.<ref name="deSilva">{{Cite book |last=de Silva |first=K. M. |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_dByI_qil26YC |title=A History of Sri Lanka |publisher=C. Hurst & Company |year=1981 |isbn=0-905838-50-5 |location=London |via=Archive.org}}</ref>{{rp|166}}

==Portuguese India==
In 1598, he destroyed a fleet of [[Kunjali Marakkar]] naval captain of [[Zamorin of Calicut]], and in 1600 Mendonça attacked and captured his fortress.<ref>[https://www.arqnet.pt/dicionario/furtadomenda1.html André Furtado de Mendonça - Portugal, Dicionário Histórico]</ref>

== Portuguese Ambon and the Moluccas ==
Between 1601 and 1603, Furtado de Mendonça served as captain-general of the Southern Sea, and succeeded in expelling the Dutch from Ambon and Tidore, where the Portuguese held fortresses, and secured Portuguese holdings in the region against hostile native lords.

== Portuguese Malacca ==
{{Main|Siege of Malacca (1606)}}
In April 1606, Portuguese forces under the captainship of André Furtado were [[Siege of Malacca (1606)|besieged]] in [[Malacca]] by a Dutch fleet under the command of [[Cornelis Matelief de Jonge]]. Portuguese forces were no match to Dutch due to disproportional size of men and vessels. However, they managed to resist the besiegers until August 1606 and received support from Viceroy [[Martim Afonso de Castro]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaques |first=Tony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&pg=PA620 |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-313-33538-9 |volume=2: F-O |location=Westport, Connecticut |page=620}}</ref>

== Portuguese India ==
André Furtado engaged with several battles in India, including fierce battle with [[Kunhali Marakkar]]. His forces bombarded Marakkar fort from the sea while allies [[Zamorin of Calicut|Samoodiri]] attacked it from the land in 1600. Kunjali Marakkar surrendered to Samoothiri as he lost the battle.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1939 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kDMZAAAAIAAJ&q=Furtado |magazine=T'ien Hsia Monthly |volume=9| title=T'ien Hsia Monthly }}</ref> Finally, the Portuguese seized the Kunjali, against the terms of the surrender, during a tumult caused by an enemy attack. Then Furtado ordered the fort and the town razed, the Kunjali executed, quartered, and his body displayed on a pike.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murkot Ramunny |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Hue54bWk6IC&pg=PA43 |title=Ezhimala: The Abode of the Naval Academy |publisher=Northern Book Centre |year=1993 |isbn=81-7211-052-9 |location=New Delhi |page=43}}</ref>

After the death of viceroy D. João Pereira Forjaz in 1609, André Furtado became the governor of Portuguese India for only three months until the arrival of new viceroy Rui Lourenço Tavora.<ref name="Sousa1695">{{Cite book |last=Faria e Sousa |first=Manuel de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4OObbOjIgEgC |title=Ásia portuguesa |publisher=en la officina de Antonio Craesbeeck demello |year=1695 |volume=3 |location=Lisboa |language=es |author-link=Manuel de Faria e Sousa}}</ref>{{rp|187}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Furtado de Mendonça |url=http://www.arqnet.pt/dicionario/furtadomenda1.html |access-date=13 April 2014 |website=Portugal: Dicionário Histórico |language=pt}}</ref>

==Death==
He died due to illness in April 1611 and buried at the church of Covenant of Grace ({{langx|pt|Convento da Graça|links=no}}) in Lisbon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=André Furtado de Mendonça, 37º Gov.or da Índia (1558–1611) |url=http://www.geni.com/people/Andr%C3%A9-Furtado-de-Mendon%C3%A7a/6000000016413761191 |access-date=7 May 2014 |website=Geni}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Madre de Deus]]
*[[Battle of Cape Rachado]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Aleixo de Menezes]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Portuguese India|Governor of Portuguese India]]|years=1609}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Rui Lourenço de Távora]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Portuguese Governors and Viceroys of India|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mendonca, Andre Furtado de}}
[[Category:Portuguese knights]]
[[Category:Governors-general of Portuguese India]]
[[Category:People from Lisbon]]
[[Category:People of the Dutch–Portuguese War]]
[[Category:Portuguese military officers]]
[[Category:1558 births]]
[[Category:1611 deaths]]

André Furtado de Mendonça - Revision history

Veronagqc at 16:06, 4 April 2026