https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Andreas_Andr%C3%A6Andreas Andræ - Revision history2026-07-31T16:52:34ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Andreas_Andr%C3%A6&diff=486490&oldid=prevShowbiz sportlight at 18:55, 25 April 20262026-04-25T18:55:12Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Governor of Tranquebar in 1701}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Andreas Andræ<br />
| order = 15th<br />
| monarch = [[Frederick IV of Denmark|Frederick IV]]<br />
| country = [[Denmark–Norway]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Claus Vogdt]]<br />
| successor = [[Mikkel Knudsen Crone]]<br />
| birth_date = Unknown<br />
| birth_place = Denmark–Norway<br />
| death_date = 1701<br />
| death_place = [[Tranquebar]], Danish India<br />
| office = Governor of Tranquebar<br />
| office2 = Governor of Dannemarksnagore<br />
| order2 = 1st<br />
| successor2 = [[Thomas Schmertz]]<br />
| predecessor2 = ''Office established''<br />
| monarch2 = [[Christian V]]<br />Frederick IV<br />
| term_start2 = 1698<br />
| term_end2 = January 1699<br />
| term = 1701<br />
}}<br />
'''Andreas Andræ'''{{Efn|{{IPA|da|ɑndʁɛ:as ɑndʁɛ:}}}} (alternatively spelled '''Andrae''' and '''Andreæ'''; {{Died in|1701}}) was a Danish surgeon and colonial administrator who established the Danish colony of [[Dannemarksnagore]] in 1698. <br />
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Andræ came to the Danish colony of [[Tranquebar]] in {{Circa|1691}} and was a surgeon until 1695, when he became head of a Danish squadron to the [[Malabar Coast]]. In 1698, Andræ was sent to [[Bengal Subah|Bengal]], negotiating the [[Dano-Mughal Treaty]], which ended the [[Dano-Mughal War]] and leased Dannemarksnagore to [[Danish India]], where he served as governor from 1698 to 1699. <br />
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He became the [[governor of Tranquebar]] in 1701 after [[Claus Vogdt|Claus Vogdt's]] death, managing to finish the construction of the [[Zion Church, Tharangambadi|Zion Church]] before dying a few months later. <br />
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== Career ==<br />
Andreas Andræ came to the Danish colony of [[Tranquebar]] in {{Circa|1691}} as {{Langx|da|overmester|label=none}} (surgeon on a ship) in the [[Danish East India Company|Danish East India Company's]] service.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1907|p=55}} He soon proved himself useful in both [[mercantile]] and diplomatic regards{{Sfn|Larsen|1907|p=55}} and was quickly promoted to {{Langx|da|mester|label=none}} (highest-ranking surgeon) in March 1691 and chief surgeon ({{Langx|da|obberchirurg|label=none}}) on 6 April the same year.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}} In 1692, he became head of the hospital in Tranquebar, and in 1694, he became a third-in-command of the colony's [[privy council|Privy Council]] (''{{Langx|da|secrete råd|label=none}}'').{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}}<br />
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=== Voyage to the Malabar Coast ===<br />
Andræ is described as being intelligent and enterprising,{{Sfn|Larsen|1907|p=55}} showing great administrative and commercial abilities, and was subsequently,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}} in January 1695, chosen as head of the vessel ''Dansborg{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=38, 117}}'' by the [[governor of Tranquebar]], [[Claus Vogdt]].{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=117}} Subsequently, ''Dansborg'' and three other ships were sent to the [[Malabar Coast]] to bolster Danish trade in the region.''{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=38, 117}}''{{Sfn|Larsen|1907|p=55}} As such, Andræ established a pepper [[Clearing house (finance)|clearing house]] near [[Varkala]] in [[Oddeway Torre]],{{Sfn|Snodgrass|2012}} before leaving again on 6 April,''{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}}'' returning to Tranquebar on 1 May the same year.''{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=38, 117}}'' <br />
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=== Time in Bengal ===<br />
{{Further|Dano-Mughal Treaty}}<br />
At the end of 1698,''{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=106}}'' Andræ, accompanied by [[Thomas Schmertz]],''{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=106}}''{{Sfn|Wellen|2015|p=459}}{{Sfn|Aslanian|Subrahmanyam|2025}} was sent to [[Bengal Subah|Bengal]] to negotiate with the [[Mughal Empire]],''{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=38, 106}}''{{Sfn|Larsen|1907|p=54}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=24}}{{Sfn|Mitra|1952|p=15}}{{Sfn|Wellen|2015|p=459}} which had been at [[Dano-Mughal War|war with Danish India since 1642]].{{Sfn|Larsen|1907|p=31}}{{Sfn|Wellen|2015|pp=439, 448}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=14}}{{Sfn|Mitra|1952|p=10}} Here, Andræ managed to conclude [[Dano-Mughal Treaty|a treaty]] with the [[Subahdar]] of Bengal,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}}{{Sfn|Wellen|2015|p=459}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=24}}{{Sfn|Mitra|1952|p=15}} [[Azim-ush-Shan]],{{Sfn|Wellen|2015|p=459}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=24}}{{Sfn|Mitra|1952|p=15}}{{Sfn|Aslanian|Subrahmanyam|2025}} after which both sides renounced their demands for previously seized ships,{{Sfn|Wellen|2015|p=459}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=24}}{{Sfn|Mitra|1952|p=15}} and the Danes got their previous trading rights back.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=24}}{{Sfn|Mitra|1952|p=15}} Andræ also made a gift to Azim-ush-Shan in the form of 15,000 [[Rupee|rupees]] and four cannons.{{Sfn|Wellen|2015|p=459}} <br />
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Furthermore, Andræ negotiated a [[firman]] which would lease a piece of land at the [[Hooghly River]]''{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=38, 106}}''{{Sfn|Larsen|1907|p=54}}{{Sfn|Diller|1999|p=221}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=24}} in [[Gondalpara]]{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}}{{Sfn|Wellen|2015|p=459}}{{Sfn|Diller|1999|p=222}}{{Sfn|Snodgrass|2012}} to the Danes for 30,000 rupees{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=19}} to be paid over a ten-year period.{{Sfn|Wellen|2015|p=459}}{{Sfn|Diller|1999|p=221}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=24}}{{Sfn|Mitra|1952|p=15}} Here, the Danes established a [[Factory (trading post)|factory]],{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}}{{Sfn|Wellen|2015|p=459}}{{Sfn|Diller|1999|p=222}}{{Sfn|Snodgrass|2012}} which became known as [[Dannemarksnagore]],{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=38, 106, 117}}{{Sfn|Wellen|2015|p=459}}{{Sfn|Diller|1999|p=221}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=24}}{{Sfn|Mitra|1952|p=15}}{{Sfn|Aslanian|Subrahmanyam|2025}} and was supplied by salesmen, guards, and goods.{{Sfn|Larsen|1907|p=54}} The factory was provisionally a local house, although a big fort with stone walls was erected the following year.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=24}}<br />
Andræ left Dannemarksnagore on the vessel ''Christianus Quintus'' in January 1699 after five months in Bengal,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}} leaving Thomas Schmertz as ''[[overhoved]]'' of the colony''{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=38, 106}}''{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=24}}{{Sfn|Mitra|1952|p=15}} with 30 men.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=24}}{{Sfn|Mitra|1952|p=15}}<br />
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=== Governor of Tranquebar ===<br />
Upon returning to Tranquebar during the spring,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=24}} Andræ became ''{{Langx|da|sekonde|label=none}}'' (second-in-command) of the Privy Council and was installed as [[Provisional government|Interim Governor]] of Tranquebar{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1907|p=55}} on 25 June 1701,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}}{{Sfn|Kryger|2006}} following Claus Vogdt's death,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1907|p=55}} with a yearly salary of 800 [[Danish rigsdaler]].{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}} However, Andræ died a few months later{{Sfn|Larsen|1907|p=55}} and was succeeded by [[Mikkel Knudsen Crone]].{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1907|p=55}} Despite his short term, Andræ still subsidized and finished the construction of the [[Zion Church, Tharangambadi|Zion Church]] in 1701, which was initiated by Governor Vogdt.{{Sfn|Kryger|2006}}<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
[[File:Mester Adreasis house in Tranquebar.png|thumb|200x200px|Map of [[Tranquebar]] by [[Gregers Daa Trellund]], depicting Andreas Andræ's estate during the 1690s]]<br />
On a map by [[Gregers Daa Trellund]] depicting Tranquebar in the 1690s,{{Sfn|Faarborg|1971|pp=257, 267}} there is a newly built estate attributed to a "Mester Andreasis," which likely refers to Andræ.{{Sfn|Faarborg|1971|pp=255–256}} The estate was possibly funded by money earned during Andræ's time in Bengal,{{Sfn|Faarborg|p=256|1971}} where he was also gifted a white [[stallion]] by the Mughal government,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=38, 57}} which passed over to Mikkel Knudsen Crone and later Governor [[Jørgen Bjørn]] after Andræ's death.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}}<br />
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Andræ had a wife and children, who returned to Denmark–Norway on the vessel ''Cronprintzen af Danmark'', following his death.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=38}}<br />
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== See also ==<br />
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* {{Annotated link|Jørgen Bjørn}}<br />
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* {{Annotated link|Wolf Henrik von Kalnein}}<br />
* {{Annotated link|Sivert Adeler}}<br />
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== Notes and citations ==<br />
<br />
=== Notes ===<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
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=== Citations ===<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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=== References ===<br />
{{refbegin|2}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Larsen |first=Kay |author-link=Kay Larsen |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/922667.pdf |title=Guvernører, residenter, kommandanter og chefer |publisher=Arthur Jensens Forlag |year=1940 |location=Copenhagen, Denmark |language=da |trans-title=Governors, Residents, Commanders and Chiefs |via=Danskernes Historie Online}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Larsen |first=Kay |title=De dansk-ostindiske koloniers historie – De Bengalske loger & Nikobarerne |publisher=Centralforlaget & Peter Hansens Forlag |year=1908 |volume=2 |location=Copenhagen, Denmark |language=da |trans-title=History of the Danish East Indian Colonies – The Bengali lodges & the Nicobar Islands |via=Danskernes Historie Online}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Larsen |first=Kay |title=De dansk-ostindiske koloniers historie – Trankebar |publisher=Centralforlaget |year=1907 |volume=1 |location=Copenhagen, Denmark |language=da |trans-title=History of the Danish East Indian Colonies – Tranquebar |via=Danskernes Historie Online}}<br />
* {{Cite journal |last=Wellen |first=Kathryn |date=2015 |title=The Danish East India Company’s War against the Mughal Empire, 1642-1698 |url=https://scispace.com/pdf/the-danish-east-india-company-s-war-against-the-mughal-q3di4cg01e.pdf |journal=[[Journal of Early Modern History]] |location=Leiden, the Netherlands |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] & [[Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies]] |volume=19 |doi=10.1163/15700658-12342470 |issn=0022-4995 |eissn=1568-5209 |via=SciSpace}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Diller |first=Stephan |url=https://books.google.dk/books?id=2zvvSpaWcTIC&q=brun&pg=PA216&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=dannemarksnagore&f=false |title=Die Dänen in Indien, Südostasien und China (1620-1845) |date=1 June 1999 |publisher=[[Harrassowitz Verlag]] |isbn=978-3-447-04123-2 |series=South China and Maritime Asia |volume=8 |location=Wiesbaden, Germany |language=de |trans-title=The Danes in India, Southeast Asia and China (1620–1845) |issn=0945-9286}}<br />
* {{Cite journal |last=Faarborg |first=Birte |date=1971 |title=Trellunds Trankebarkort 1733 |trans-title=Trellund's Map of Tranquebar 1733 |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/922243.pdf |journal=Tidsskrift for Arkivforskning |language=da |publisher=[[Danish National Archives]] |volume=3 |issue=3 |via=Danskernes Historie Online}}<br />
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=The Churches of Tranquebar in the Danish Period 1620-1845 |encyclopedia=Halle and the Beginning of Protestant Christianity in India |publisher=[[Francke Foundations]] |location=Halle, Germany |last=Kryger |first=Karin |date=2006 |editor-last=Gross |editor-first=Andreas |editor-last2=Kumaradoss |editor-first2=Yesurajamony |editor-last3=Liebau |editor-first3=Heike |volume=1-3 |pages=238 |isbn=3-931479-84-6}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Mitra |first=Lalit Mohan |url=https://ia902908.us.archive.org/6/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.63290/2015.63290.A-Guide-To-Nalanda.pdf |title=The Danes in Bengal |publisher=Prabartak Publishers |year=September 1952 |edition=1st |location=Kolkata, India |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}<br />
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Danish East India Company |encyclopedia=World Food |publisher=[[M. E. Sharpe]] & [[Taylor & Francis]] |location=Armonk, New York |url=https://www.google.dk/books/edition/World_Food/cWJgDwAAQBAJ?hl=da&gbpv=1 |last=Snodgrass |first=Mary Ellen |date=15 September 2012 |author-link=Mary Ellen Snodgrass |isbn=978-0-7656-8278-9 |lccn=2012014375}}<br />
* {{Cite journal |last=Aslanian |first=Sebouh David |author-link=Sebouh David Aslanian |last2=Subrahmanyam |first2=Sanjay |author-link2=Sanjay Subrahmanyam |date=7 April 2025 |title=Uneasy Partnership |url=https://www.academia.edu/128756792/Uneasy_Partnership_A_Note_on_Armenian_Danish_Commercial_Collaboration_in_the_Indian_Ocean_ca_1700 |journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |publisher=Brill Publishers |volume=68 |issn=0022-4995 |eissn=1568-5209 |via=Academia}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Andræ, Andreas}}<br />
[[Category:17th-century births]]<br />
[[Category:1701 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]<br />
[[Category:Tranquebar]]<br />
[[Category:Dannemarksnagore]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Danish India]]<br />
[[Category:People from Danish India]]<br />
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[[da:Andreas Andreæ]]</div>Showbiz sportlight