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'''Andrew Leith Adams''' [[Royal Society of Edinburgh|FRSE]], [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (21 March 1827 – 29 July 1882) was a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[physician]], [[natural history|naturalist]] and [[geologist]]. He was the father of the writer [[Francis Adams (writer)|Francis Adams]].<ref name=dnb>Gaston, A. J. in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Volume 1. pp. 222–223</ref><br />
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==Life and career==<br />
Adams was the son of Francis Adams (1796–1861), a surgeon and Espeth Shaw. He studied medicine and joined as an army physician in 1848, serving in the 22nd Infantry Regiment in [[India]]. Between 1849–1854 he was posted in Dagshai, Rawalpindi and Peshawar. He also served in [[Kashmir]], [[Egypt]], [[Malta]] (1861–1868), [[Gibraltar]] and [[Canada]]. He married [[Bertha Jane Grundy]] on 26 October 1859, who later became famous as a novelist.<ref name=dnb/><br />
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He spent his spare time studying the natural history of these countries. He was among the first to study the interior of Ladakh and wrote about it in "The Birds of Cashmere and Ladakh". The [[orange bullfinch]] (''Pyrrhula aurantiaca'') was discovered by him as also the first breeding site of [[brown-headed gull]]s (''Larus brunnicephalus'') in the lakes of the Tibetan plateau.<ref name=dnb/><ref name=forktail>{{cite journal|url=http://www.orientalbirdclub.org/publications/forktail/4pdfs/Gaston-Adams.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610220931/http://www.orientalbirdclub.org/publications/forktail/4pdfs/Gaston-Adams.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-06-10 |title=Andrew Leith Adams: a pioneer of Himalayan ornithology |author=Gaston, AJ |year=1989 |journal=Forktail |volume=4 |pages=3–8 }}</ref><br />
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After his retirement from the army in 1873, Adams was professor of natural history at [[Trinity College, Dublin]] and [[Queen's College, Cork]]. He was elected a fellow of the Geographical Society in 1870 a fellow of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] in 1872, and [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1873.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}<br />
He died of a pulmonary haemorrhage on 29 July 1883 at Rushbrook Villa (Cork).<ref name=dnb/><br />
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He published ''Wanderings of a Naturalist in India, the Western Himalayas and Cashmere'' (1867), ''Notes of a Naturalist in the Nile Valley and Malta'' (1871) and ''Field and Forest Rambles'' (1873).<br />
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He is commemorated in the [[black-winged snowfinch]] ''Montifringilla adamsi'' and in the genus of the Pleistocene giant [[dormouse]] of [[Malta]] and [[Sicily]] ''[[Leithia melitensis]]'' and ''[[Leithia cartei]]''.<ref>Sondaar, P.Y., Van der Geer, A.A.E. 2005. Evolution and Extinction of Plio-Pleistocene Island Ungulates. In: Cregut, E. (Ed.): Les ongulés holarctiques du Pliocène et du Pléistocène. Actes Colloque international Avignon, 19–22 septembre. Quaternair, 2005 hors-série 2: 241–256. Paris.</ref><ref>Van der Geer, A.A.E., De Vos, J., Dermitzakis, M., Lyras, G., 2008. Hoe dieren op eilanden evolueren. Majorca, Ibiza, Kreta, Sardiniie, Sicilie, Japan, Madagaskar, Malta. Utrecht: Veen Magazines, {{ISBN|978-90-8571-169-8}}.</ref> In 1868 Leith Adams described the very large form of giant dormouse from the Maqhlaq cave as ''Myoxus melitensis'' and the smaller form as ''Myoxus cartei''.<ref>Adams, A.L., 1868. On a species of dormouse (''Myoxus'') occurring in the fossil state in Malta. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 6 (5), pp. 307–308. Plate 54.</ref> Later, Richard Lydekker assigned the two species to a new genus, named ''Leithia'' in honour of Leith Adams in 1895.<ref>Lydekker, R., 1895. On the affinities of the so-called extinct giant dormouse of Malta. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1895: 860–863, 3 figs (published 1896).</ref><br />
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==Publications==<br />
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Adams | first1 = A.L. | year = 1859 | title = Notes on the habits, haunts, etc. of some of the birds of India | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1433219| journal = Proc. Zool. Soc. London | volume = 26 | pages = 466–512 | doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1858.tb06404.x}}<br />
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Adams | first1 = A.L. | year = 1859 | title = The birds of Cashmere and Ladakh | journal = Proc. Zool. Soc. London | volume = 27 | pages = 169–190 }}<br />
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Adams | first1 = A.L. | year = 1863 | title = Observations on the Fossiliferous caves of Malta | journal = Journal of the Royal Society | volume = 4 | issue = 2| pages = 11–19 }} 2 plates, July 1862-Jan. 1863.<br />
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Adams | first1 = A.L. | year = 1864 | title = Notes on the Geology of a portion of the Nile Valley north of the Second Cataract in Nubia, taken chiefly with the view of inducing further search for fluviatile shells at high levels | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1944042| journal = The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London| volume = 20 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 6–19 | doi = 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1864.020.01-02.08 | s2cid = 128836595 }} 4 figures, 1864.<br />
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Adams | first1 = A.L. | year = 1868 | title = On a species of dormouse (''Myoxus'') occurring in the fossil state in Malta | journal = Transactions of the Zoological Society of London | volume = 6 | issue = 5| pages = 307–308 | doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1868.tb00579.x}}<br />
* Adams, A.L. (1870). ''Notes of a naturalist in the Nile Valley and Malta''. 195pp. Edinburgh (Edmonton and Douglas).<br />
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Adams | first1 = A.L. | year = 1874 | title = On the dentition and osteology of the Maltese fossil elephant, being a description of the remains discovered by the author in Malta between the years 1860 and 1866 | journal = Transactions of the Zoological Society of London | volume = 9 | issue = 1| pages = 1–124 | doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1874.tb00235.x}} plates I–XXII.<br />
* Adams, A.L. (1874). Concluding Report on the Maltese Fossil Elephants. ''Report of the British Association for 1873'', 185–187.<br />
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Adams | first1 = A. L. | year = 1875 | title = On a fossil saurian vertebra, ''Arctosaurus osborni'' from the Arctic region | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy | volume = 2 | pages = 177–179 }}<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
;Attribution<br />
{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Adams, Andrew Leith}}<br />
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==Other sources==<br />
* Anon (19 August 1882) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2264515/pdf/brmedj04974-0042.pdf Obituary: Andrew Leith Adams, M.B., F.R.S]. The British Medical Journal 2(1129):338<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [https://archive.org/stream/wanderingsofnatu00adam Wanderings of a naturalist in India], [[Archive.org]]<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Adams, Andrew}}<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalists of British India]]<br />
[[Category:Irish naturalists]]<br />
[[Category:Academics of Queens College Cork]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of Trinity College Dublin]]<br />
[[Category:1827 births]]<br />
[[Category:1882 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Ornithologists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian ornithologists]]</div>>Citation bot