Isaac3301 at 10:36, 19 March 2026

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{{Short description|1814 treaty also known as the Convention of London}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox treaty
|name = Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
|type = [[Bilateral treaty]]
|date_signed = {{date and age|1814|08|13|df=y}}
|signatories = {{plainlist|style=text-indent:-2.1em;margin-left:2.1em;|
* {{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom of {{nowr|Great Britain and Ireland}}|size=20px}}
* {{flag|Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands|name=Sovereign Principality of {{nowr|the United Netherlands}}|size=20px}}}}
|wikisource = Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
}}

The '''Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814''' (also known as the '''Convention of London'''; {{langx|nl|Verdrag van Londen}}) was signed by the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and the [[Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands|Netherlands]] in London on 13 August 1814. It was signed by [[Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh|Lord Castlereagh]] on behalf of the British government and [[Hendrik Fagel]] on behalf of the Dutch government. The treaty restored several of the [[Dutch colonies]] occupied by British forces during the [[Napoleonic Wars]], although several others were permanently ceded to Britain. It also included Dutch acknowledgement of British opposition to the [[Atlantic slave trade]] and agreements to improve the [[Low Countries]]' defences.{{sfn|Wright|1950|pp=229–239}} Disputes arising from the treaty resulted in the signing of the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]].

==Terms==
===Colonial possessions===

The treaty returned many of the [[Dutch colonies]] Britain occupied during the [[Napoleonic Wars]] to the Netherlands, specifically [[Surinam (Dutch colony)|Surinam]], [[Curaçao]], [[Aruba]], [[Saba (island)|Saba]], [[Sint Eustatius]], [[Sint Maarten]], [[Dutch Bengal]] (with the exception of the district of [[Bernagore]]), [[Dutch Coromandel]], [[Dutch Malacca]] and the [[Dutch East Indies]]. The Dutch agreed to cede several captured colonies to Britain, including the [[Dutch Cape Colony]], [[Dutch Malabar]], [[Dutch Suratte]], [[Demerara]], [[Essequibo (colony)|Essequibo]] and [[Berbice]]. In exchange for the cession of Dutch Malabar, Britain ceded [[Bangka Island]] to the Netherlands. Dutch subjects were granted trading rights in Demerara, Essequibo and Berbice, while Britain agreed to pay an annual fee to the Netherlands in exchange for the cession of Bernagore.{{sfn|Robson|1931|p=198}}

===Cooperation===

The treaty also included a declaration issued by the Dutch government on 15 June 1814 noting that [[slave ship]]s were no longer permitted in British-controlled ports. [[William I of the Netherlands]] had issued a royal decree in June 1814 which abolished Dutch involvement in the [[Atlantic slave trade]], and the British and Dutch governments were both in agreement regarding their opposition to the trade.{{sfn|Robson|1931|pp=200–204}} Britain and the Netherlands also agreed to spend £2,000,000 each on improving defences in the [[Low Countries]], while a further set of funds, up to £3,000,000, are mentioned for the "final and satisfactory settlement of the Low Countries in union with Holland."{{sfn|Robson|1931|p=200}}{{sfn|Robson|1931|pp=213–214}}{{sfn|Muller|1935|p=562}} Disputes arising from the treaty resulted in the signing of the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]].{{fact|date=January 2026}}

==See also==
* [[Anglo-Dutch Slave Trade Treaty]]
* [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]]
* [[Anglo-Dutch Treaties of 1870–1871]]

==References==

===Footnotes===
{{reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal|last=Muller|first=H.|date=Dec 1935|title=The Acquisition of Cape Colony by the British|journal=[[The Geographical Journal]]|volume=86|issue=6|pages=561–562|jstor=1786285}}
* {{cite journal|last=Robson|first=W. H.|date=Jun 1931|title=New Light on Lord Castlereagh's Diplomacy|journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]]|volume=3|issue=2|pages=198–218|doi=10.1086/235722|jstor=1871714|s2cid=144543785}}
* {{cite book|last=Worsfold|first=W. B.|date=1897|title=South Africa: a study in colonial administration and development|title-link=:iarchive:southafricastudy00wors|location=London|publisher=[[Methuen & Co.]]|oclc=679893341}}
* {{cite journal|last=Wright|first=H. R. C.|date=1950|title=The Anglo-Dutch Dispute in the East, 1814–1824|journal=[[Economic History Review]]|volume=3|issue=2|pages=229–239|doi=10.2307/2590770|jstor=2590770}}
{{refend}}

{{Political history of South Africa|state=collapsed}}
{{Cape Town|history}}
[[Category:1810s in Curaçao and Dependencies]]
[[Category:1810s in the Dutch East Indies]]
[[Category:1814 in British law]]
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[[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)]]
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[[Category:1814 in London]]
[[Category:Netherlands–United Kingdom relations]]
[[Category:Dutch slave trade]]

Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 - Revision history

Isaac3301 at 10:36, 19 March 2026