>Marcocapelle at 05:11, 26 May 2021

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{{short description|Indian Historical Figure from 1700s}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|33x30px]] [[Maratha Empire]]
| honorific-prefix =
| honorific-suffix = Surnavis and Sachiv
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Marathi
| image =
| alt =
| monarch = [[Chhatrapati Shivaji]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| birth_date =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence =
| spouse = Lakshmibai<ref>{{cite book|title=ताराबाईकालीन कागदपत्रे, Volume 1|author=Appasaheb Ganapatrao Pawar|publisher=शिवाजी विद्यापीठ|year=1969|page=43|quote=A grant from Shivaji to Ragho Annaji, the son and Laxmibai, the widow of Annaji Datto. The document mentions that this Watan was formerly given by Shivaji the Great to Annaji Datto}}</ref>
| relations = Somaji Datto (Brother)
| children = *Ragho Annaji<ref>{{cite book|title=aharani Tarabai of Kolhapur, c. 1675-1761 A.D.|author=Śālinī Pāṭīla|publisher=S. Chand & Co|year=1987|page=174|quote=When Lakshmibai and Annaji Datto's son, Ragho Annaji, told Tarabai about the wretched conditions through which they had passed after Annaji's death, and requested Tarabai to restore to them the Desh Kulkarni Vatan}}</ref>
*Godavari
| father =
| mother =
| term_start =
| term_end =
}}
'''Annaji Datto Sachiv''' was the [[Sachiv|Sachiv (Chief Secretary)]] in the [[Ashta Pradhan]] (Council of 8) mandal of the [[Maratha Empire]] during the rule of [[Shivaji|Chhatrapati Shivaji]].{{Sfn|Apte|1974|p=42}}

==Early life==
Before joining the services of Shivaji, Annaji Datto was a [[Kulkarni]] of [[Sangameshwar]]. He joined Shivaji's administration in 1660.{{Sfn|Deopujari|1973|p=255}}

==Career==
Annaji Datto was a Minister of Shivaji, who carried out a survey known as ''Annaji Datto's Dhara''.{{Sfn|Apte|1974|p=43}} According to Subhasad Bhakhar, the [[Maratha Empire]] of [[Shivaji]] was divided into three parts, each under a cabinet minister, called a Sarkarkun. Annaji Datto Sachiv, [[Moropant Trimbak Pingle]], and Dattoji Pant were appointed sarkarkun.{{Sfn|Singh|1998|p=93}}<ref>Kulkarni, A.R., 1990, January. Maratha Swarajya: Its Extent and Income. In Proceedings of the Indian History Congress (Vol. 51, pp. 321-325). Indian History Congress.[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44148231?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents]</ref> As sarkarkun, Annaji Datto controlled the Konkan territory, including Choul. Dabhol, Rajapur, Kudal, Bande, Phonda, and Koppal. This division between territories was called ''Talghat'' or ''Southern division''.{{Sfn|Grewal|2005|p=216}}
In 1667, Shivaji appointed Annaji to the task of land revenue reform in areas under the Swarajya. Annaji's efforts led to a new system of lower government claim on farm produce of 2/5.His work involved accurate land measurement, bringing new land under cultivation, measures to reduce exploitation of the illiterate cultivators by the hereditary officials such as the [[Patil (surname)|Patil]] and [[Kulkarni]].<ref>Kulkarni, G. T., 1976. Land Revenue and Agricultural Policy of Shivaji – An Appraisal. Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute, 35(3/4), pp.73-82.[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42930025?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents]</ref>

===Campaign on Panhala and Pawangad===

Annaji Datto was assigned the job of capturing the Panhala fort before the Afzal episode.{{Sfn|Kulkarni|2006|p=61}} In 1659, Annaji captured the [[Panhala|Panhala fort]] and [[Pawangad|Pawangad fort]] from the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]s.{{Sfn|Fryer|1992|p=168}}

=== Conflict with Sambhaji ===

Shivaji's eldest son and presumptive heir, [[Sambhaji]], was sent to the fort of Panhala by his father, who disapproved of his habits. However, in December 1678 Sambhaji left the fort and defected to the Mughals for a year, but then returned home when he learnt of a plan by [[Dilir Khan]], the Mughal viceroy of Deccan to arrest him and send him to Delhi.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bhave|first1=Y.G.|title=From the death of Shivaji to the death of Aurangzeb : the critical years|date=2000|publisher=Northern Book Centre|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-7211100-2|page=35|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Q5kVk6msxUcC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=shivaji+sambhaji+panhala+&ots=lLqy86rM34&sig=u7SAV_MadAvMeefJcQ-LXS4uqoM#v=onepage&q=sambhaji%20khan&f=false}}</ref> Upon returning home, Sambhaji was unrepentant and was again put under surveillance at [[Panhala]] by his father.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gordon|first1=Stewart|title=The Marathas 1600–1818|date=1993|publisher=Cambridge University|location=New York|isbn=978-0-521-26883-7|page=80|edition= 1. publ.|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=iHK-BhVXOU4C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=sambhaji+purandar+jaisingh+shivaji+treaty&ots=S0STQ4MCke&sig=GdCbVniN6jL1mZARbVJ_SYW_t0M#v=onepage&q=%20shivaji%20aurangzeb%20escape&f=false|accessdate=5 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Maharashtra State Gazetteers:Satara|publisher=Gazetteers Dept Director of Government Publications, Madras State|year=1963|page=92}}</ref><ref name="Mehta2005">{{cite book|author=J. L. Mehta|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: Volume One: 1707–1813|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6}}</ref><ref name="Sardesai1946">{{cite book|author=Govind Sakharam Sardesai|title=New History of the Marathas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lTVuAAAAMAAJ|year=1946|publisher=Phoenix Publications|page=230}}</ref> However, Shivaji soon fell ill and died in April 1680. The news of Shivaji's death reached Sambhaji at Panhala within eleven days.<ref>{{cite book|title=Govind, Shivaji's Warrior|author=Ec Ratnākara Rāva|publisher=Orient Blackswan|page=128|year=1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1MFh_SDhibQC}}</ref>

====Conspiracy with Soyarabai====
At the time of Shivaji's death, Annaji conspired with Shivaji's widow, [[Soyarabai]] to lure the Council of ministers (ashtapradhan mandal), into electing her then ten year old younger son [[Rajaram I|Rajaram]] to the throne of Maratha swarajya with [[Soyarabai]] as the regent.<ref>{{cite book|title=Maharani Tarabai of Kolhapur, c. 1675-1761 A.D.|author=Śālinī Pāṭīla|publisher=S. Chand & Co|year=1987|page=16}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Maharashtra State Gazetteers, Volume 22|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0QuAAAAIAAJ|publisher=Director of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State|year=1969|page=79}}</ref> On 21 April 1680, arrangements were made to make Rajaram's position secure. The coronation of Rajaram I was performed by Annaji Datto and a few of Rajaram's supporters.{{Sfn|Vaidya|2000|p=89}}

Soyarabai and Minister's proposed Sambhaji for the division of the [[Maratha Empire]]. When their proposal of the division of the Swarajya was turned down by Sambhaji, the adherents of the cause of Rajaram, Peshwa Moropant Pingle, Annaji Datto and others marched against Sambhaji. However, Sambhaji quickly won over the support of the Maratha army. He arrested those who had marched against him on the way to [[Panhala]] between 19 May and 2 June 1680. Sambhaji marched on [[Raigad Fort|Raigad]] and gained possession of the capital on 18 June 1680. He promptly put Rajaram, Soyarabai in close confinement.

====Execution====
Annaji and other ministers involved in the conspiracy were arrested and either executed or confined. Annaji was however released after a period. Later in 1681 when Prince Akbar, [[Aurangzeb]]'s rebel son was given asylum by Sambhaji, Annaji and several members of the Shirke clan (of Yesubai) promised the Deccan to Akbar in exchange for leaving a small kingdom for Rajaram. Akbar refused to be a party to this conspiracy and betrayed these conspirators to Sambhaji who quickly executed Annaji, his brother Somaji, a large number of the Asthapradhan members and members of the Shirke family in August 1681.<ref>Kincaid, C.A. and Parasnis, D.B., 1922. History of the Maratha people. Vol. II: From the death of Shivaji to the death of Shahu. Oxford University Press, London. Page=9 [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C39&q=soirabai+sambhaji+annaji+balaji&btnG=]</ref><ref>{{cite book|title= The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies, Volumes 7-9
|publisher=Institute of Historical Studies|year=1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIMWAQAAIAAJ|page=181}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|title=Chhatrapati Shivaji: coronation tercentenary commemoration volume|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jx48AAAAMAAJ|first=Bhalchandra Krishna|last=Apte|publisher=University of Bombay|year=1974}}
*{{cite book|title=Role of women in Maratha politics, 1620-1752 A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wVNuAAAAMAAJ|first=Sushila|last=Vaidya|publisher=Sharada Publication House|year=2000}}
*{{cite book|title=Administrative System in India: Vedic Age to 1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S30xOPtnzZYC|first=U. B.|last=Singh|publisher=APH Publishing|year=1998}}
*{{cite book|title=Shivaji and the Maratha Art of War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF8MAAAAIAAJ|first=Murlidhar Balkrishna|last=Deopujari|publisher=Vidarbha Samshodhan Mandal|year=1973}}
*{{cite book|title=The State and Society in Medieval India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgluAAAAMAAJ|first=J. S.|last=Grewal|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2005}}
*{{cite book|title=A New Account of East India and Persia: Being Nine Years' Travels, 1672-1681, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uGBU3bSQHIAC|first=John|last=Fryer|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=1992}}

[[Category:People of the Maratha Empire]]

Annaji Datto Sachiv - Revision history

>Marcocapelle at 05:11, 26 May 2021