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{{Short description|Concept in Hindu philosophy}}'''Antaḥkaraṇa''' ([[Sanskrit]]: अन्तःकरण) is a concept in [[Hindu philosophy]], referring to the totality of the mind, including the thinking faculty, the sense of I-ness, and the discriminating faculty. '''Antaḥ''' means 'inner' and '''karaṇa''' means 'instrument', or, 'function'. Therefore, the word ''Antaḥkaraṇa'' can be understood as 'inner organ', 'inner functions', or, 'inner instrument'.<br />
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It also refers to the four functions of the mind, namely the [[Mind|manas]] (the mind or lower mind), [[buddhi]] (the intellect or higher mind), [[Chit (consciousness)|chitta]] (memory, or, consciousness), and [[ahamkara]] (ego, or, I-maker).<ref name="yogapedia">{{Cite web |title=What is Antahkarana? - Definition from Yogapedia |url=http://www.yogapedia.com/definition/5381/antahkarana |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=Yogapedia.com |language=en}}</ref> ''Antaḥkaraṇa'' has also been called the link between the middle and higher mind, the reincarnating part of the mind.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antahkarana |url=https://www.tripurashakti.com/antahkarana |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=Tripurashakti |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
[[File:Antahkarana.png|thumb|The four functions of Antahkarana]]<br />
In Vedāntic literature, this {{IAST|antaḥkaraṇa}} (''internal organ'') is organised into four parts:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yogapedia.com/definition/5381/antahkarana|title=What is Antahkarana? - Definition from Yogapedia|publisher=En.mimi.hu|access-date=2019-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Antahkarana - Theosophy Wiki |url=https://theosophy.wiki/en/Antahkarana |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=theosophy.wiki}}</ref><br />
# [[Ahamkāra|ahaṃkāra]] (''ego'')—identifies the [[Atman (Hinduism)|Atman]] (''self'') with the body as 'I'. The attachment or identification of the ego, also known as the 'I-maker'.<br />
# [[buddhi]] (''intellect'')—the decision-making part of the mind. The part that is able to discern truth from falsehood and thereby to make wisdom possible.<br />
# [[Mind|manas]] (''mind'')—the lower, rational part of the mind that connects with the external world, and controls ''sankalpa'' (will or resolution). It is also the faculty of doubt and volition; seat of desire and governor of sensory and motor organs.<br />
# [[Chit (consciousness)|chitta]] (''memory'')—the consciousness where impressions, memories and experiences are stored; the part that deals with remembering and forgetting.<br />
There are three states of [[consciousness]]:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antahkaraṇa - Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia |url=http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Antahkara%E1%B9%87a |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=www.hindupedia.com}}</ref><br />
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# jāgrat—[[Wakefulness|waking state]]<br />
# svapna—[[Dream|dream state]]<br />
# suśupti—[[Deep sleep|deep sleep state]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/etgloss/sam-saq.htm | title=Sam-Sap - Encyclopedic Theosophical Glossary }}</ref><br />
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The ''antaḥkaraṇa'' is actively functioning in the first two states and dormant in the third state.<br />
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Another description says that '''antaḥkaraṇa''' refers to the entire psychological process, including mind and emotions, are composing the mind levels, as described above, which are mentioned as a unit that functions with all parts working together as a whole.<ref name="yogapedia" /> Furthermore, when considering that mind levels are bodies, they are: ''[[Manomaya kosha|manomayakośa]]'' – related to manas – the part of mind related to five senses, and also craving for new and pleasant sensations and emotions, while [[buddhi]] (intellect, intelligence, capacity to reason), is related to [[Vijnanamaya kosha|vijñānamayakośa]] – the body of consciousness, knowledge, intuition and experience.<br />
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Antahkarana can also refer to the connection (bridge) between Manas and Buddhi.<br />
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Antahkarana can also refer to a symbol used in the [[Reiki]] healing method.<br />
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== See also ==<br />
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*[[panchakosha]]<br />
*[[koshas]]<br />
* [[Upadhi|karanopadhi]]<br />
* [[philosophy of mind]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]</div>Ajay Kumar