>Monkbot at 06:57, 15 January 2021

2021-01-15T06:57:53Z

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{multiple image
| perrow = 1
| total_width = 300
| caption_align = center
| align = right
| header_background = #F5F5F5
| header = [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Site
| image1 = TajMahalbyAmalMongia.jpg
| caption1 = [[Taj Mahal]], one of the most famous tourist destinations in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[India]].
| direction =
| alt1 =
| caption2 =
| image2 =
}}
The '''architecture of Uttar Pradesh''' demonstrates a diverse and [[Eclecticism in architecture|eclectic]] combination of [[Buddhist architecture|Buddhist]], [[Hindu architecture|Hindu]], [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]] and Indo-European [[Architectural style|architectural styles]]. Two of its architectural monuments—the [[Taj Mahal]], the [[Agra Fort]] as well as the township of [[Fatehpur Sikri]] founded by the famous Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]] are designated [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Sites]]. The architectural structures in [[Uttar Pradesh]] include Buddhist [[Stupa|Stupas]] and [[Vihāra|Viharas]], ancient [[Monastery|monasteries]], [[Township|townships]], [[Fortification|forts]], [[Palace|palaces]], [[Temple|temples]], [[Mosque|mosques]], [[Mausoleum|mausoleums]], [[Memorial|memorials]] and other community structures.

==Ancient==
[[File:Sarnath 2005 01 27.jpg|thumb|Archaeological site at Sarnath (Dhamek stupa is visible in background)]]

=== Buddhist ===
Most of the ancient buildings and structures at Sarnath were damaged or destroyed by the Turks. However, amongst the ruins can be distinguished:
* The '''[[Dhamek Stupa]]'''; it is an impressive 128 feet high and 93 feet in diameter.
* The '''Dharmarajika Stupa''' is one of the few [[Ashoka|pre-Ashokan]] stupas remaining, although only the foundations remain.
* The '''[[Ashoka Pillar]]''' erected here, originally surmounted by the "[[Lion Capital of Asoka]]" (presently on display at the [[Sarnath Museum]]), was broken during Turk invasions but the base still stands at the original location.
* The '''[[Sarnath Museum|Sarnath Archaeological Museum]]''' houses the famous Ashokan [[Lion Capital of Ashoka|lion capital]], which miraculously survived its 45-foot drop to the ground (from the top of the Ashokan Pillar), and became the [[National Emblem of India]] and national symbol on the [[Indian flag]]. The museum also houses a famous and refined Buddha-image of the Buddha in Dharmachakra-posture.

[[File:Front side of the Dashavatara Temple in Deogarh.jpg|alt=|thumb|The [[Dashavatara Temple, Deogarh|Dashavatara Temple]] at [[Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh|Deogarh]]|left]]For Buddhists, Sarnath (or Isipatana) is one of four pilgrimage sites designated by [[Gautama Buddha]], the other three being [[Kushinagar]], [[Bodh Gaya]], and Lumina.

===Hindu monuments===
Famous temples are the [[Dashavatara Temple, Deogarh|Dashavatara Temple]] in [[Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh|Deograh]], [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple]] in Varanasi and [[Krishna Janmasthan Temple Complex|Krishnajanmabhoomi]] in Mathura.
[[File:500 CE, south side, outer wall sanctum sculpture panel, Deogarh Hindu Dashavatara temple, 1875 photo.jpg|thumb|Dashavatara Temple: [[Vishnu|Lord Vishnu]] sleeping on the serpent with the five [[Pandava]] warriors and [[Draupadi]] beneath.|alt=|left]]

{{Clear}}

==Indo-Islamic==
[[File:Details of the central pishtaq and side pishtaq, Atala Masjid, Jaunpur.jpg|alt=|thumb|Main and side [[Iwan|''pishtaq'']] leading into the ''[[iwan]]'' of [[Atala Mosque, Jaunpur|Atala Masjid]].]]
{{Further|Indo-Islamic architecture}}

===Sultanates===
[[Atala Masjid]] of [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]] shows a lot of influences of Hindu architecture. In fact, there is a clear resemblance of Hindu style of architecture, in the entire Masjid. The reason for such similarity is because the Atala Masjid is situated on the site of a temple of Atala Devi.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=gDjzm-hdzq0C&pg=PA247&lpg=PA247#v=onepage&q=&f=false Advanced history of medieval India By S.R. Bakshi]</ref> Hence the Atala Masjid, Jaunpur also gets its name from this Hindu Temple.

===Mughal===
{{Further|Mughal architecture}}
[[File:Fatehpur_Sikri_near_Agra_2016-03_img05.jpg|thumb|Rear of [[Buland Darwaza]], [[Fatehpur Sikri]].]]
Uttar Pradesh has three [[World Heritage Sites]]: [[Taj Mahal]], [[Agra Fort]] and the nearby [[Fatehpur Sikri]]. [[Allahabad Fort]] stands on the banks of the Yamuna near the confluence with the river Ganges. It is the largest fort built by Akbar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/252/|title=Taj Mahal|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/251/|title=Agra Fort|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/255/|title=Fatehpur Sikri|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref>

==== Taj Mahal ====
The [[Taj Mahal]] in [[Agra]], built between 1632 and 1643 during the reign of Mughal Emperor [[Shah Jahan]] is considered to be one of the best examples of Mughal architecture, as well as [[Indo-Islamic architecture]] as a whole.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tajmahal.gov.in/|title=Taj Mahal - Official Website of Taj Mahal, Government of Uttar Pradesh (India)|website=www.tajmahal.gov.in|access-date=2019-01-04}}</ref> While earlier Mughal buildings were primarily constructed of red [[sandstone]], Shah Jahan promoted the use of white marble inlaid with [[semi-precious stones]]. Buildings under his patronage reached new levels of refinement. It is surrounded by vast [[Charbagh|gardens on all four sides]].

===Oudh===
Lucknow, the capital of the state, has several beautiful historical [[monument]]s such as [[Bara Imambara]] and [[Chhota Imambara]].<ref name=Monuments>{{cite web|title=List of Monuments - Uttar Pradesh|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_uttarpradesh_lucknow.asp|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|date=8 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Bara Imambara">{{cite web|title=The historical monument called Bara Imambara of Lucknow that is also known as Asfi Imambara|url=http://www.lucknow.org.uk/tourist-attractions/bara-imambara.html|publisher=Lucknow online news|access-date=8 July 2012}}</ref> It has also preserved the damaged complex of the Oudh-period [[British Resident]]'s quarters, which are being restored.[[File:Bara Imambara Lucknow.jpg|thumb|Bara Imambara facade, Lucknow India|alt=|center|620x620px]]

== British Colonial period ==

=== European styles ===
The [[Allahabad Public Library]] built in the [[Scottish baronial architecture|Scottish Baronial]] style, and [[All Saints Cathedral, Allahabad]] and [[Kanpur Memorial Church]] built in the [[Gothic Revival architecture|gothic revival]] style are examples of European-styled buildings in Uttar Pradesh.

=== Indo-Saracenic Architecture ===
{{Further|Indo-Saracenic architecture}}
The [[Lucknow Charbagh railway station]] and [[Kanpur Central railway station]] were built in the [[Indo-Saracenic architecture|Indo-Saracenic style]].

[[File:Charbagh_Railway_Station,_Lucknow.jpg|alt=|thumb|320x320px|Charbagh Railway Station at [[Lucknow]].|center]]
{{Clear}}
==Post-Independence==

[[NOIDA]] is a planned city and IT hub.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}

==Notable buildings==
<gallery>
File:A Buddhist temple at Sarnath.jpg|Mulagandhakuti Vihara, Buddhist temple at [[Sarnath]]
File:Sarnath tibetan temple 1.jpg|Temple of the Tibetan community in Sarnath
File:Sridigamber Jain Temple, Singhpuri, Sarnath, Varanasi.jpg|Sridigamber [[Jain temple]], Singhpuri, Sarnath, just behind the [[Dhamekh Stupa]]
File:Fatehpur Sikri Panch Mahal.jpg|[[Panch Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri]].
File:Ganga Mahal Ghat.JPG|[[Ganga Mahal Ghat (I)]] in [[Varanasi]]
File:Varsana.jpg|Temple in [[Barsana]], near Mathura, dedicated to the worship of [[Radha]] and [[Krishna]].
File:Fatehput Sikiri Buland Darwaza gate 2010.jpg|[[Buland Darwaza]] at [[Fatehpur Sikri]]
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Uttar Pradesh}}{{Architecture of India}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian architecture by state or union territory|Uttar]]

Architecture of Uttar Pradesh - Revision history

>Monkbot at 06:57, 15 January 2021