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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Parsi Gujarati poet (1881–1953) who wrote under the pen name Adal}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox writer <br />
| name=Ardeshar Faramji Khabardar<br />
| image=Ardeshar Faramji Khabardar.jpg<br />
| caption =<br />
| pseudonym = Adal<br />
| birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1881|11|6}}<br />
| birth_place=[[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]], [[Portuguese India]]<br />
| death_date={{death date and age|df=yes|1953|7|30|1881|11|6}}<br />
| death_place= [[Madras]], India<br />
| occupation= poet<br />
| period=<br />
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]<br />
| nationality=Indian<br />
| notableworks= * ''Kavyarasika'' (1901)<br />
* ''Rasachandrika'' (1929, 1941)<br />
| signature=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ardeshar Faramji Khabardar''', also spelled '''Ardeshir Pharamji Khabardar''', was a [[Parsi]] poet from India. He wrote mainly in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] but also in [[English language|English]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]]. He wrote under the pen name '''Adal'''. Living in [[Bombay]] and [[Madras]], he wrote in different styles of poetry and published around forty books. He also wrote [[sonnet]]s about his religion, Zoroastrianism.<br />
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==Life==<br />
[[File:Ardeshar Khabardar young.jpg|thumb|Khabardar|left|upright=0.7]]<br />
Ardeshar was born in a [[Parsi]] family in [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]] on 6 November 1881. He had primary education in Daman and secondary education from New Bharda High School, Bombay. He started a motorcycle accessories business in Madras in 1909. He presided over [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] in 1941. He died in Madras on 30 July 1953.<ref name=gsp>{{cite web|url=http://gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Khabardar.html|work=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]|title=Ardeshar Khabardar|access-date=18 August 2014|language =Gujarati}}</ref><ref name="Trivedī1987">{{cite book|author=Jeṭhālāla Nārāyaṇa Trivedī|title=Love Poems & Lyrics from Gujarati|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vnJjAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Gurjar Grantha Ratna Karyalaya|page=181}}</ref><br />
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==Works==<br />
[[File:Ghazal by Ardeshar Khabardar.jpg|200px|thumb|Ilmamakka No Haji, a [[ghazal]] written by Khabardar from the book "Gujarat Ni Ghazalo" (1943) edited by [[Krishnalal Jhaveri]] (p.82)]]<br />
He wrote under several pen names, chiefly under '''Adal'''. His other pen names are Motalal, Khojo Bhagat, Kshemanand Bhatt, Narkesarirao, Shabhunath, Shridhar, Sheshadri, Lakha Bhagat, Valkalrai Thatthakhor, and Hunnarsinh Mehta. He wrote around forty books in Gujarati and two in English.<ref name=gsp/><ref name="KhabaradāraMaster1990">{{cite book|author1=Aradeśara Pharāmajī Khabaradāra|author2=Dharmendra M. Master|title=The Migrating Bird|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YNNlAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Ajit Prakashan on behalf of A.F. Khabardar Birth-Centenary Publications}}</ref><br />
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His Gujarati poem, ''Jya Jya Vase Ek Gujarati, Tya Tya Sadakal Gujarat'' (Wherever a Gujarati resides, there forever is Gujarat), depicts Gujarati ethnic pride and is widely popular in Gujarat.<ref name="Williams1984">{{cite book|author=Raymond Brady Williams|title=A New Face of Hinduism: The Swaminarayan Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHI7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA170|access-date=18 August 2014|year=1984|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-27473-9|pages=170–}}</ref><br />
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He wrote in modern Gujarati instead of Parsi Gujarati. His first work was the poetry collection ''Kavyarasika'', which followed the style of [[Dalpatram]], in 1901. ''Vilasika'', published in 1905, followed the style of [[Narsinhrao Divetia]]. ''Prakashika'' (1908) is styled as the works of [[Kalapi]] and [[Kant]]. ''Bharat no Tankar'' (1909) and ''Rashtrika'' (1940) are collections of patriotic songs. He parodied and satirised ''Gujarat no Tapasvi'' and ''Brahmadiksha'' of [[Nanalal Dalpatram Kavi|Nanalal]] as ''Prabhat no Tapasvi'' and ''Kutkutdiksha'' (1920) under the pen name Motalal. ''Sandeshika'' (1925) includes patriotic songs. His ''Kalika'' (1926) is a love song in [[blank verse]] style. ''Bhajanika'' (1928), ''Darshanika'' (1931), and ''Kalyanika'' (1940) are collections of devotional songs. ''Rasachandrika'' (1929, 1941) is a collection of ''rasa'' songs in the style of Nanalal and [[Botadkar]]. ''Shriji Iranshah no Pawado'' depicts the history of [[Zorostrianism]] and ''Gandhi Bapu no Pawado'' praises [[Mahatma Gandhi]]; both are poetry in the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] [[powada]] style. ''Gandhi Bapu'' (1948) also has thirty-one songs dedicated to Gandhi. His last collection, ''Kirtanika'', had seventy-five [[bhakti movement|kirtan]] songs. He also published ''Malabari na Kavyaratno'', an interpretation of poems of [[Behramji Malabari]] in 1913.<ref name=gsp/><ref name="Trivedī1987"/><ref name="Sivasankari1998">{{cite book|author=Sivasankari|title=Knit India through literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PVjAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Eastwest Books|page=296|isbn=9788186852118}}</ref><ref name="Brock1995">{{cite book|author=Peter Brock|title=Mahatma Gandhi as a Linguistic Nationalist|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WSYcAQAAIAAJ|year=1995|publisher=South Asia Publications|isbn=978-0-945921-30-1|pages=33–34}}</ref><ref name="Das1995">{{cite book|author=Sisir Kumar Das|title=A history of Indian literature, 1911–1956: struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cehjAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7901-798-2}}</ref><ref name="N.Lal1974">{{cite book|author1=Shastri, P. N.|author2=P. Lal|title=The Writers Workshop Handbook of Gujarati Literature: A-F|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IacuAAAAMAAJ|year=1974|publisher=Writers Workshop|page=37}}</ref><br />
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His only English-language poetry collection, ''The Silken Tassel'' (1918), had fifty-nine poems. He wrote ''New Light on the Gathas of Holy Zarathushtra'' and ''Zarathushtra: 101 [[Sonnet]]s,'' depicting the life and teaching of [[Zoroaster]].<ref name=gsp/><ref name="Reddy2012">{{cite book|author=Sheshalatha Reddy|title=Mapping the Nation: An Anthology of Indian Poetry in English, 1870–1920|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_spgWetf9rIC&pg=PA263|year=2012|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-0-85728-441-9|pages=263–}}</ref><ref name="NatarajanNelson1996">{{cite book|author1=Nalini Natarajan|author2=Emmanuel Sampath Nelson|title=Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&pg=PA384|date=1 January 1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28778-7|page=384}}</ref><br />
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He started writing a play titled ''Manuraj'' or ''Vishwanatika'' styled on [[Goethe's Faust|Goethe's ''Faust'']] and Nanalal's [[free verse]] in 1936 but never completed or published.<ref name=gsp/><br />
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==Publications==<br />
===Gujarati===<br />
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:કાવ્યરસિકા |trans-title=Kavyarasika |date=1901}}<br />
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:વિલાસિકા |trans-title=Vilasika |date=1905}}<br />
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:પ્રકાશિકા |trans-title=Prakashika |date=1908}}<br />
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:ભારતનો ટંકાર |trans-title=Bharat no Tankar |date=1909}}<br />
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:સંદેશિકા |trans-title=Sandeshika |date=1925}}<br />
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:કાલિકા |trans-title=Kalika |date=1926}}<br />
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:ભજનિકા |trans-title=Bhajanika |date=1928}}<br />
* {{cite wikisource |wslanguage=gu |title=રાસચંદ્રિકા |trans-title=Rasachandrika |date=1929}}<br />
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:દર્શનિકા |trans-title=Darshanika |date=1931}}<br />
* {{cite wikisource |wslanguage=gu |title=રાષ્ટ્રિકા |trans-title=Rashtrika |date=1940}}<br />
* {{cite wikisource |wslanguage=gu |title=કલ્યાણિકા |trans-title=Kalyanika |date=1940}}<br />
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:નંદનિકા |trans-title=Nandanika |date=1944}}<br />
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:ગાંધીબાપુ |trans-title=Gandhi Bapu |date=1948}}<br />
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:કીર્તનિકા |trans-title=Kirtanika |date=}}<br />
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===English===<br />
* {{cite wikisource|author=Ardeshir F. Khabardar |title=The Silken Tassel |year=1918 |publisher=Theosophical Pub. House}}<br />
* {{cite book|title=Zarathushtra, the first prophet of the world: 101 sonnets|author= Ardeshir F. Khabardar|year= 1950|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1053625W/Zarathushtra_the_first_prophet_of_the_world}}<br />
* {{cite book|author1=Aradeśara Pharāmajī Khabaradāra|title=The Rest House of the Spirit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YdNlAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Ajit Prakashan}}<br />
* {{cite book|author1=Aradeśara Pharamājī Khabaradāra|title=Leaf & Flower|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNNlAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Ajit Prakashan}}<br />
* {{cite book|author1=Aradeśara Pharāmajī Khabaradāra|title=The Migrating Bird|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YNNlAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Ajit Prakashan on behalf of A.F. Khabardar Birth-Centenary Publications}}<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]<br />
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==References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
*{{commons category-inline}}<br />
*{{Wikisource author-inline}}<br />
* {{GujLit author}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Khabardar, Ardeshar}}<br />
[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:People from Daman and Diu]]<br />
[[Category:1881 births]]<br />
[[Category:1953 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:Parsi people]]<br />
[[Category:Gujarati people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male poets]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from British India]]<br />
[[Category:Presidents of the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]</div>Associatedin21