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{{short description|Decorated officer in the Indian Army}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant Colonel]]
| name = A. B. Tarapore
| honorific_suffix = [[Param Vir Chakra|PVC]]
| image = Ardeshir_Tarapore_PVC.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1923|08|18}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1965|09|16|1923|08|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]] {{small|(Present-day [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]])}}
| death_place = [[Chawinda]], [[Pakistan]]
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates =
| nickname =
| birth_name =
| allegiance = {{flagicon image|Asafia flag of Hyderabad State.png}} [[Hyderabad State]] {{flag|India}}
| branch = [[Imperial Service Troops|Hyderabad Army]] {{army|India}}
| serviceyears = 1940–1951 ([[Imperial Service Troops|Hyderabad Army]]) 1951–1965 ([[Indian Army]])
| rank = [[File:Lieutenant Colonel of the Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Lieutenant colonel]]
| servicenumber = IC-5565{{Sfn|Chakravorty|1995|p=77}}<ref name="Lt Col Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore – MOD Gallantry Awards">{{cite web|title=Lt Col Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore|url=http://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/ardeshir-burzorji-tarapore|website=Gallantry Awards, Ministry of Defence|publisher=Government of India|access-date=17 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119172919/http://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/ardeshir-burzorji-tarapore|archive-date=19 January 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| unit = [[Hyderabad Lancers]] [[Poona Horse]]
| commands =
| battles = {{plainlist|
* [[Battle of Chawinda]]
* [[Battle of Philora]]
}}
| battles_label =
| awards = [[File:Param-Vir-Chakra-ribbon.svg|32px]] [[Param Vir Chakra]]
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
}}

[[Lieutenant Colonel]] '''Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore''', [[Param Vir Chakra|PVC]] (18{{nbs}}August 1923 – 16{{nbs}}September 1965), was an officer in the [[Indian Army]] and a recipient of the [[Param Vir Chakra]], India's highest award for bravery. After completing his schooling in [[Pune]], Tarapore joined the [[Hyderabad Army]], and was commissioned in January 1942. Initially he joined the infantry, but was later transferred to an armoured regiment, the [[1st Hyderabad Imperial Service Lancers]]. During [[World War II]] Tarapore saw action in the [[Middle East]].

After [[Hyderabad State]] was annexed by India in 1948, Tarapore was selected to join the Indian Army. He was commissioned again in April 1951, and was posted to the [[Poona Horse]] regiment, 17th Battalion. Later he attended a training course in the United Kingdom on the [[Centurion tank]]. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, 17 Horse saw action in the [[Sialkot|Sialkot sector]]. Tarapore led the regiment in several tank battles between 11{{nbs}}and{{nbs}}16 September, and was killed in one such battle at Butur-Dograndi on 16{{nbs}}September. Under his leadership the regiment destroyed sixty Pakistani tanks, while the Indians suffered the loss of nine.

==Early life==
Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore was born on 18{{nbs}}August 1923 in Bombay. Ratanjiba, one of Tarapore's ancestors, was a military leader under [[Chhatrapati Shivaji]]. The family name "Tarapore" was the namesake of the village of [[Tarapur, Maharastra|Tarapur]], [[Maharashtra]]. It was the leading village of those in the charge of Ratanjiba. Later, Tarapore's grandfather relocated to [[Hyderabad]] and started working in the Customs and Excise Department of the [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]].{{Sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=106}} His father, B. P. Tarapore,{{Sfn|Chakravorty|1995|p=77}} was a scholar of [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Urdu language|Urdu]] languages; he worked for the same Customs and Excise Department.{{Sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=106}}

Tarapore joined Sardar Dastur Boys' Boarding School, [[Pune]], at the age of seven. He did not do well at academic subjects, but was a good sportsman. He completed his schooling in 1940, and was the school captain that year. Shortly after he applied for a commission in the [[Imperial Service Troops|Hyderabad Army]],{{Sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=106}} and was selected. He completed his initial training at the Officers' Training School (OTS) [[Golconda]] and OTS [[Bangalore]]. He was commissioned into the 7th Hyderabad Infantry as a [[second lieutenant]] on 1{{nbs}}January 1942.{{Sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=107}}

==Military career==

Popularly known as "Adi",{{Sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=106}} Ardeshir Tarapore was unhappy joining the infantry, as he wanted to join an armoured regiment. When his battalion was being inspected by [[Major General]] [[Syed Ahmed El Edroos]], then [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the Hyderabad state forces, a live grenade accidentally fell into a bay area during a live-ammunition training exercise. Tarapore quickly picked it up and threw it away. The grenade exploded mid-air inflicting shrapnel wounds to his chest. Major General Edroos witnessed his actions and was impressed. He summoned Tarapore to his office and congratulated him. Tarapore took the opportunity to request a transfer to an armoured regiment. The general agreed and transferred him to the [[1st Hyderabad Imperial Service Lancers]]. During [[World War II]], Tarapore and his unit saw action in the [[Middle East]].{{Sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=107}}

As a result of [[Operation Polo]] in 1948, Hyderabad merged with the Union of India, and its forces were eventually amalgamated into the [[Indian Army]]. Tarapore was selected for the Indian Army and was commissioned as a captain on 1{{nbs}}April 1951.{{Sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=107}}{{efn|Though Tarapore was a major with the Hyderabad State Army, he was commissioned as a captain in the Indian Army, to overcome the challenges of transition and assimilate himself.<ref name="Pak tanks stopped shelling as mark of respect to my father">{{cite web|author1=Arunav Sinha|title=Pak tanks stopped shelling as mark of respect to my father|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Pak-tanks-stopped-shelling-as-mark-of-respect-to-my-father/articleshow/49189205.cms|website=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.|access-date=17 May 2018|date=2 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517224338/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Pak-tanks-stopped-shelling-as-mark-of-respect-to-my-father/articleshow/49189205.cms|archive-date=17 May 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}} He was first posted on probation for two years to 'B' Squadron of the [[Poona Horse]] regiment, 17th Battalion, and later transferred to 'A' Squadron as its [[second-in-command]].{{Sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=107}}{{Sfn|Reddy|2007|p=48}} India acquired [[Centurion (tank)|Centurion tanks]] in the early 1960s{{Sfn|Bajwa|2008|p=215}} and Tarapore was one of the officers selected to attend a training course in the United Kingdom.{{Sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=108}} He was promoted to [[major]] on 1 January 1958,<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=115 |date=24 May 1958|url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1958/O-2068-1958-0021-93591.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> and to lieutenant-colonel on 10 June 1965.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=178 |date=11 March 1967|url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1967/O-1608-1967-0010-72564.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>

===Battle of Chawinda===
{{main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1965}}
{{main|Battle of Chawinda}}

Beginning in April 1965, India and Pakistan engaged in a series of [[skirmish]]es across the [[Line of Control]] (LOC). In August, Pakistan attempted mass infiltration into Kashmir in [[Operation Gibraltar]]. On 5 August, Pakistani soldiers crossed the LOC dressed as Kashmiri locals, heading for various areas within Kashmir.{{Sfn|Bajwa|2013|pp=110–111}} After locals reported the presence of Pakistani troops, the Indian Army captured several disguised Pakistani soldiers and foiled the infiltration operation.<ref name="Operation Gibraltar: IDSA">{{cite journal |author1=Major General P. K. Chakravorty (retd.) |author2=Brigadier Gurmeet Kanwal (retd.) |title=Operation Gibraltar An Uprising that Never Was |journal=Journal of Defence Studies |date=2015 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=33, 52 |url=https://idsa.in/system/files/jds/jds_9_3_2015_OperationGibraltar_0.pdf |access-date=17 June 2018 |series=July-September 2015 |publisher=[[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]] |location=New Delhi |language=en |issn=0976-1004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617093618/https://idsa.in/system/files/jds/jds_9_3_2015_OperationGibraltar_0.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> On 1 September, Pakistan launched a counterattack, named [[Operation Grand Slam]], to capture vital points that would cut off supply routes to Indian troops. This plan eventually was foiled by the Indian troops.<ref name="Op Grand Slam: The Wire">{{cite web |author1=Manoj Joshi |title=Looking Back at the 1965 War, With a More Objective Eye |url=https://thewire.in/external-affairs/looking-back-at-the-1965-war-with-a-more-objective-eye |website=The Wire |access-date=17 June 2018 |date=6 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617170548/https://thewire.in/external-affairs/looking-back-at-the-1965-war-with-a-more-objective-eye |archive-date=17 June 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Later on 6 September, Indian forces crossed the [[Radcliffe Line]], marking the official beginning of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].<ref name="1965 battle: TOI">{{cite web |author1=Manimugdha S Sharma |title=1965 battle: A war of perceptions India won |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/1965-battle-A-war-of-perceptions-India-won/articleshow/49038413.cms |website=The Times of India |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. |access-date=17 June 2018 |date=21 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630151913/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/1965-battle-A-war-of-perceptions-India-won/articleshow/49038413.cms |archive-date=30 June 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Indian [[I Corps (India)|I Corps]] was given the responsibility of capturing the [[Sialkot|Sialkot sector]].{{Sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=104}} Poona Horse was part of the [[1st Armoured Division (India)|1st Armoured Division]], attached to I Corps.<ref name="Battle of Asal Uttar CLAWS">{{cite web |author1=Major General P. K. Chakravorty, VSM (retd.) |title=Battle of Asal Uttar: 1965 Indo-Pak War |url=http://www.claws.in/images/journals_doc/1902138004_PKChakravorty.pdf |website=[[Centre for Land Warfare Studies]] |access-date=17 June 2018 |page=119 |date=2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010220808/http://www.claws.in/images/journals_doc/1902138004_PKChakravorty.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> It was tasked to isolate Sialkot from [[Lahore]]. On 11{{nbs}}September 1965 Poona Horse launched an attack on [[Phillora]]. To surprise the Pakistanis, it was decided to attack Phillora from the rear. As part of the regiment, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Tarapore, was attacking Phillora from [[Chawinda]], it encountered [[Pakistani Army|Pakistani]] armour advancing from Wazirwali. Tarapore held his ground and attacked Phillora under enemy tank and artillery fire. When wounded he refused to be evacuated. His regiment successfully captured Wazirwali on 14{{nbs}}September. On the 16th they advanced to capture Jassoran, supported by [[Dogra Regiment|9 Dogra]],{{Sfn|Chakravorty|1995|p=77}} and Butur-Dograndi, supported by [[Garhwal Rifles|8 Garhwal]].{{Sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=104}} In the latter battle his tank was hit several times. Tarapore was mortally wounded, and succumbed to his injuries. Under his leadership the regiment had destroyed sixty Pakistani tanks,{{Sfn|Chakravorty|1995|p=77}} while the Indians had suffered the loss of nine.{{Sfn|Chakravorty|1995|p=78}} According to one account, Pakistani tanks held their fire during his cremation.<ref name="Pak tanks stopped shelling as mark of respect to my father" />

===Param Vir Chakra===
[[File:Lt Col A B Tarapore statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|250px|thumb|Tarapore's statue at ''Param Yodha Sthal'', [[National War Memorial (India)|National War Memorial]], New Delhi]]
Tarapore was posthumously awarded the [[Param Vir Chakra]], for leading the regiment while injured, and inflicting significant tank losses on the Pakistani side,{{Sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=104}} with an effective date of award of 11{{nbs}}September 1965.<ref name="Lt Col Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore – MOD Gallantry Awards" /> The official citation reads:
{{Quotation|
On 11 September 1965, the Poona Horse regiment under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Ardeshir Burzarji Tarapore was assigned the task of delivering the main armored thrust for capturing Phillora in the Sialkot Sector in Pakistan. As a preliminary to making a surprise attack on Phillora from the rear, the regiment was thrusting between Phillora and Chawinda when it was suddenly counterattacked by the enemy’s heavy Armour from Wazirali. Lieutenant Colonel A. B. Tarapore who was then at the head of his regiment, defied the enemy’s charge, held his ground and gallantly attacked Philloira with one of his squadrons supported by an infantry battalion. Though under continuous enemy tank and artillery fire, Lieutenant Colonel A. B. Tarapore remained unperturbed throughout this action and when wounded refused to be evacuated. Inspired by his leadership, the regiment fiercely attacked the enemy heavy armour destroying approximately 60 enemy tanks at a cost of only 9 tank casualties, and when Lieutenant Colonel A. B Tarapore was mortally wounded the regiment continue to defy the enemy. The valour displayed by Lieutenant Colonel A.B. Tarapore in this heroic action, which lasted six days, was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Indian Army.| source =''[[The Gazette of India]]'' Notification No. 112—Press/65{{Sfn|Cardozo|2003|pp=105–106}}}}

His wife received the award on Tarapore's behalf from the [[President of India]]. Later, as her own health deteriorated, it was handed over to the regiment and preserved in its [[quarter guard]].<ref name="Pak tanks stopped shelling as mark of respect to my father" />

==Notes==
'''Footnotes'''
{{notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{citation|first1=Farooq|last1=Bajwa|title=From Kutch to Tashkent: The Indo-Pakistan War of 1965|year=2013|publisher=Hurst Publishers|isbn=978-18-4904-230-7|language=en}}
*{{citation|first1=Kuldip Singh|last1=Bajwa|title=India's National Security: Military Challenges and Responses, Volume 1|year=2008|publisher=Har Anand Publications|isbn=978-81-2411-389-9|language=en}}
*{{citation|first1=B.C.|last1=Chakravorty|title=Stories of Heroism: PVC & MVC Winners|year=1995|publisher=Allied Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7023-516-3|language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzizVBSb4YsC}}
*{{citation|first1=Major General Ian (retd.)|last1=Cardozo|title=Param Vir: Our Heroes in Battle|year=2003|publisher=Roli Books|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7436-262-9|language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D9ymBAAAQBAJ}}
*{{citation|first1=Kittu |last1=Reddy|title=Bravest of the Brave: Heroes of the Indian Army|year=2007|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-8710-000-3|language=en}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
*{{citation|last=Rawat |first=Rachna Bisht|year=2014|title=The Brave: Param Vir Chakra Stories|publisher=Penguin Books India Private Limited |isbn=978-01-4342-235-8}}

{{Param Vir Chakra recipients}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tarapore, Ardeshir}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:Indian military personnel killed in action]]
[[Category:Parsi people]]
[[Category:Military personnel of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vir Chakra]]

Ardeshir Tarapore - Revision history

Bot at 23:10, 10 October 2022