222.127.94.125 at 13:52, 23 September 2022

2022-09-23T13:52:04Z

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{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Argentine Republic
| native_name = {{native name|es|República Argentina}}
| common_name = Argentina
| image_flag = Flag of Argentina.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Argentina.svg
| national_motto = {{unbulleted list
|list_style=line-height:125%;
| {{native phrase|es|"[[En unión y libertad]]"|nolink=yes|paren=off}}
| {{small|("In Unity and Freedom")}}
}}
| national_anthem = {{unbulleted list
|item1_style=line-height:125%;
|item2_style=line-height:125%;
|item3_style=margin-top:4px;
| {{native phrase|es|[[Argentine National Anthem|Himno Nacional Argentino]]|nolink=yes|paren=off}}
| {{small|("Argentine National Anthem")}}
| {{center|1=[[File:Himno Nacional Argentino instrumental.ogg]]}}
}}
| other_symbol = [[File:Sol de Mayo-Bandera de Argentina.svg|90x90px|alt=Sol de Mayo]]
| other_symbol_type = {{native name|es|[[Sol de Mayo]]{{sfnm|1a1=Crow|1y=1992|1p=457|1ps=: "In the meantime, while the crowd assembled in the plaza continued to shout its demands at the cabildo, the sun suddenly broke through the overhanging clouds and clothed the scene in brilliant light. The people looked upward with one accord and took it as a favorable omen for their cause. This was the origin of the ″sun of May″ which has appeared in the center of the Argentine flag and on the Argentine coat of arms ever since."|2a1=Kopka|2y=2011|2p=5|2ps=: "The sun's features are those of [[Inti]], the [[Inca]]n sun god. The sun commemorates the appearance of the sun through cloudy skies on May 25, 1810, during the first mass demonstration in favor of independence."}}|nolink=yes|paren=off}}<br>{{small|(Sun of May)}}
| image_map = Argentina orthographic.svg
| map_width = 220px
| map_caption = {{resize|110%|Mainland Argentina shown in dark green, with [[#Foreign relations|territorial claims]] shown in light green}}
| capital = [[Buenos Aires]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|34|36|S|58|23|W|type:city}}
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages = {{vunblist|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]|Argentine Sign Language}}
| languages_type = Regional languages
| languages = {{vunblist|Quechua|Guarani|Qom|Mocovi|Wichi|Welsh}}
|languages2_type = Other languages
|languages2 = English, Italian, German, Chinese, French, Arabic, Portuguese, Hindi, Russian, Japanese, Dutch, Turkish
| ethnic_groups = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap; |96.7% [[Argentines of European descent|White]]/[[Mestizo]]<br>(62.5% [[Italian Argentines|Italian]])<ref name=LaMatanza>{{cite web|url =http://infouniversidades.siu.edu.ar/noticia.php?titulo=historias_de_inmigrantes_italianos_en_argentina&id=1432 |title=Historias de inmigrantes italianos en Argentina |date=14 November 2011 |author =Departamento de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas de la [[National University of La Matanza|Universidad Nacional de La Matanza]] |publisher=infouniversidades.siu.edu.ar |language=Spanish |quote=Se estima que en la actualidad, el 90% de la población argentina tiene alguna ascendencia europea y que al menos 25 millones están relacionados con algún inmigrante de Italia.}}</ref>
|2.4% [[Indigenous peoples in Argentina|Amerindian]] |0.5% [[Asian Argentines|Asian]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201611/171079-japon-visita-oficial-primer-ministro-nipon-shinzo-abe-casa-de-gobierno.html|title=Argentina inicia una nueva etapa en su relación con Japón|website=www.telam.com.ar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.clarin.com/sociedad/comunidad-china-duplico-ultimos-anos_0_Syfgy52TDQe.html|title=La comunidad china en el país se duplicó en los últimos 5 años|last=Clarín.com|date=27 September 2010|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=1682|title=국가지표체계|website=www.index.go.kr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WebINDEC – Poblaci Censo 2010 |url=https://www.indec.gov.ar/nivel4_default.asp?id_tema_1=2&id_tema_2=41&id_tema_3=135 |website=www.indec.gov.ar |access-date=2019-02-06 |archive-date=2018-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803022723/https://www.indec.gov.ar/nivel4_default.asp?id_tema_1=2&id_tema_2=41&id_tema_3=135 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |0.4% [[Afro-Argentines|African]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ar.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=2019-02-06|archive-date=2007-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612213714/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ar.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}|
| demonym = Argentine
| government_type = [[Federal republic|Federal]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[constitutional republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of Argentina|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Alberto Fernández]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Argentina|Vice President]]
| leader_name2 = [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]]
| leader_title3 = [[Argentine Chamber of Deputies|President of the Chamber of Deputies]]
| leader_name3 = [[Sergio Massa]]
| leader_title4 = [[Supreme Court of Argentina|President of Supreme Court]]
| leader_name4 = [[Carlos Rosenkrantz]]
| legislature = [[Argentine National Congress|Congress]]
| upper_house = [[Argentine Senate|Senate]]
| lower_house = [[Argentine Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of Deputies]]
| sovereignty_type = [[Argentine War of Independence|Independence]]
| sovereignty_note = from [[Spanish Empire|Spain]]
| established_event1 = [[May Revolution]]
| established_date1 = 25 May 1810
| established_event2 = [[Argentine Declaration of Independence|Declared]]
| established_date2 = 9 July 1816
| established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Argentine Constitution|Constitution]]}}
| established_date3 = 1 May 1853
| established_event4 = {{nowrap|[[Diplomatic recognition|Recognized]]}}
| established_date4 = 29 April 1857
| area_rank = 8th
| area_km2 = 2780400
| area_footnote =
| percent_water = 1.57
| population_estimate = 42,669,500<ref name=proypop>{{cite web|url=http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/c1_proyecciones_nac_2010_2040.xls|format=XLS|title=Cuadro 1. Población estimada al 1 de julio de cada año calendario por sexo. Total del país. Años 2010–2040|work=Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010|publisher=INDEC – Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos|place=Buenos Aires|year=2010|language=Spanish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608011629/http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/c1_proyecciones_nac_2010_2040.xls|archivedate=8 June 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=13 March 2015}}</ref>
| population_estimate_rank =
| population_estimate_year = 2014
| population_census = 40,117,096
| population_census_year = 2010
| population_census_rank = 32nd
| population_density_km2 = 14.4
| population_density_rank = 212th
| pop_den_footnote =
| GDP_PPP = $927.382 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2012&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=213&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=&pr.x=65&pr.y=4|title=Argentina|work= World Economic Outlook Database, October 2014|publisher=International Monetary Fund|date=2 November 2014}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_rank = 25th
| GDP_PPP_year = 2014
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $22,101<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 55th
| GDP_nominal = $536.155 billion<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_nominal_rank = 24th
| GDP_nominal_year = 2014
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $12,778<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 60th
| Gini_year = 2011 
| Gini_change = decrease 
| Gini = 43.6 
| Gini_ref = <ref name=gini>{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |title= GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher= World Bank |accessdate= 19 February 2015}}</ref>
| Gini_rank =
| HDI_year = 2013 
| HDI_change = increase 
| HDI = 0.808 
| HDI_ref = <ref name=hdi>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2014 – Summary|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|place=New York, NY, USA|year=2014|pages=15, 16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727205555/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf|archivedate=27 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 49th
| currency = [[Argentine peso|Peso]] ([[Dollar sign|$]])
| currency_code = ARS
| time_zone = [[Time in Argentina|ART]]
| utc_offset = −3
| date_format = dd.mm.yyyy ([[Common Era|CE]])
| drives_on = right{{ref label|note-train|b|}}
| calling_code = [[+54]]
| cctld = [[.ar]]
| footnote_a = {{note|note-lang}}''[[De facto]]'' at all government levels. In addition, some provinces have official ''[[de jure]]'' languages:
:{{,}}[[Guaraní language|Guaraní]] in [[Corrientes Province]].<ref name=gn>{{cite Argentine law|jur=CN|l=5598|date=22 de octubre de 2004}}</ref>
:{{,}}[[Kom language (South America)|Kom]], [[Moqoit language|Moqoit]] and [[Wichi language|Wichi]], in [[Chaco Province]].<ref name=kom>{{cite Argentine law|jur=CC|l=6604|bo=9092|date=28 de julio de 2010}}</ref>
| footnote_b = {{note|note-train}}Trains ride on left.
}}

'''Argentina''' (officially the '''Argentine Republic''') is a country in [[South America]]. Argentina is the second-largest [[country]] in [[South America]] and the eighth-largest country in the world.

[[Spanish language|Spanish]] is the most spoken language, and the official language, but many other languages are spoken. There are minorities speaking [[Italian language|Italian]], [[German language|German]], [[English language|English]], [[Quechua]] and even [[Welsh language|Welsh]] in [[Patagonia]].

In eastern Argentina is [[Buenos Aires]], the [[Capital city|capital]] of Argentina, it is also one of the largest cities in the world. In order by number of people, the largest [[city|cities]] in Argentina are [[Buenos Aires]], [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]], [[Rosario]], [[Mendoza]], [[La Plata]], [[Tucumán]], [[Mar del Plata]], [[Salta]], [[Santa Fe, Argentina|Santa Fe]], and [[Bahía Blanca]].

Argentina is between the [[Andes]] [[mountain range]] in the west and the southern [[Atlantic Ocean]] in the east and south. It is bordered by [[Paraguay]] and [[Bolivia]] in the north, [[Brazil]] and [[Uruguay]] in the northeast, and [[Chile]] in the west and south. It also claims the [[Falkland Islands]] ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Islas Malvinas'') and [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]]. Most citizens of the Argentine Republic are descendants of immigrants from Europe. They are united by [[citizenship]] and not necessarily by [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]]. Most Argentinians embrace both their ethnic origins and Argentinian nationality.

== History ==
The name '''Argentina''' comes from the [[Latin]] ''argentum'' ([[silver]]) as the [[Spain|Spanish]] [[conquistador]]s believed the area had [[silver]]. In the Americas (South and North), Canada, US, Brazil and Argentina are the largest countries (in that order).

The oldest signs of people in Argentina are in the [[Patagonia]] (Piedra Museo, Santa Cruz), and are more than 13,000 years old. In 1480 the [[Inca Empire]] conquered northwestern Argentina, making it part of the empire. In the northeastern area, the [[Guaraní]] developed a culture based on [[yuca]] and [[sweet potato]] however typical dishes all around Argentina are pasta, red wines (Italian influence) and beef.

Other languages spoken are Italian, English and German. Lunfardo is Argentinean slang and is a mix of Spanish and Italian. Argentinians are said to speak Spanish with an Italian accent.

Argentina declared independent from Spain in 1816, and achieved it in a War led by [[José de San Martín]] in 1818. Many immigrants from Europe came to the country. By the 1920s it was the 7th wealthiest country in the world, but it began a decline after this. In the 1940s, following the "infamous decade" where the country's politics were not stable, [[Juan Peron]] came to power. Peron was one of the most important people in the country's history and many politicians today call themselves Peronist. Peron was forced out of power in 1955. After spending years in exile he returned to power in the 1970s.

In 1976, the country was falling into chaos, and the military took power. This was not the first time the military had done this. Leading the new government was [[Jorge Rafael Videla]]. Videla was one of history's most brutal dictators. Thousands of people disappeared or were killed during his time as president. Videla retired in 1980.

One of his successors was another general turned dictator, [[Leopoldo Galtieri]]. By the time Galtieri was in office in 1981 the dictatorship became unpopular. To stir up support, Galtieri ordered an invasion of the [[Falkland Islands]], starting the [[Falklands War]]. Argentina lost the war, and soon the country fell into chaos again. Galtieri was removed from power and eventually [[democracy]] was restored. Galtieri and Videla would be charged with "crimes against humanity" because of the mass murder and other crimes that they ordered as president.

In the early 21st century Argentina is one of the most important countries in [[Latin America]], though it still has many problems. It has a large economy and is influential in the "southern cone" of South America and a member of the [[G20 developing nations]].

== Politics ==
Argentina is a [[federal republic]]. The people of Argentina vote for a [[President]] to rule them and [[Senator]]s and [[Deputy|Deputies]] to speak for them and make laws for them. The President is Alberto Fernández since December 2019.

== Administrative divisions ==
[[File:ViñedoCafayate.jpg|thumb|Salta]]
Argentina is divided into 23 [[province]]s (''provincias''; singular: ''provincia''), and 1 city (commonly known as ''capital federal''):
{|
|
# [[Buenos Aires|Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires]]<sup>*</sup>
# [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires (Province)]]
# [[Catamarca Province|Catamarca]]
# [[Chaco Province|Chaco]]
# [[Chubut Province|Chubut]]
# [[Córdoba Province, Argentina|Córdoba]]
# [[Corrientes Province|Corrientes]]
# [[Entre Ríos Province|Entre Ríos]]
# [[Formosa Province|Formosa]]
# [[Jujuy Province|Jujuy]]
# [[La Pampa Province|La Pampa]]
# [[La Rioja Province (Argentina)|La Rioja]]
|
<ol start=13>
<li> [[Mendoza Province|Mendoza]] </li>
<li> [[Misiones Province|Misiones]] </li>
<li> [[Neuquén Province|Neuquén]] </li>
<li> [[Río Negro Province|Río Negro]] </li>
<li> [[Salta Province|Salta]] </li>
<li> [[San Juan Province (Argentina)|San Juan]] </li>
<li> [[San Luis Province|San Luis]] </li>
<li> [[Santa Cruz Province (Argentina)|Santa Cruz]] </li>
<li> [[Santa Fe Province|Santa Fe]] </li>
<li> [[Santiago del Estero Province|Santiago del Estero]] </li>
<li> [[Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina)|Tierra del Fuego]] </li>
<li> [[Tucumán Province|Tucumán]] </li>
</ol>
|}

== Geography ==
{{main|Geography of Argentina}}
[[File:Argentina - Político.png|260px|thumb|left|alt=Map of Argentina|Map of Argentina]]

Argentina is almost 3,700 km long from north to south, and 1,400 km from east to west (maximum values). It can be divided into three parts: the [[Pampas]] in the central part of the country, [[Patagonia]] in the southern part down to [[Tierra del Fuego]]; and the [[Andes]] [[mountain range]] along the western border with [[Chile]], with the highest point in the province of [[Mendoza Province|Mendoza]]. [[Cerro Aconcagua]], at 6,960 metres (22,834 [[foot (unit of length)|ft]]), is the [[Americas|Americas']] highest mountain.

The most important rivers include the [[Rio de la Plata|River Plate]], [[Paraguay River|Paraguay]], [[Bermejo River|Bermejo]], [[Colorado River (Argentina)|Colorado]], [[Uruguay River|Uruguay]] and the largest river, the [[Paraná River|Paraná]]. River Plate was incorrectly translated though, and should have been translated to English as River of (the) Silver. River Plate is also a famous Buenos Aires soccer team.

See [[List of cities in Argentina]] for the many places people live in Argentina.

== Other information ==
The majority of the Argentineans are descendants of Europeans mainly from [[Spain]], [[Italy]], [[Germany]], [[Ireland]], [[France]], other Europeans countries and [[Mestizo]] representing more than 90% of the total population of the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html|title=The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=2007-11-11|archive-date=2008-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080812233855/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> More than 300,000 [[Romani people|Roma gypsies]] live in Argentina. Since the 1990s, Romanian, Brazilian and Colombian gypsies arrived in Argentina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.romarchive.eu/en/roma-civil-rights-movement/development-roma-civil-rights-movements-argentina/|title = Development of Roma Civil Rights Movements in Argentina and Latin America - RomArchive}}</ref>

[[Football in Argentina|Football]] or soccer is the most popular sport, although the national sport of the country is [[Pato]]. Argentina has a number of highly ranked [[Polo]] players. Field hockey (for women) rugby and golf are also favorites.

Argentina is a [[Christian]] country. Most of Argentina's people (80 percent) are [[Roman Catholic]]. Argentina also has the largest population of Jewish community after Israel and US. Middle Eastern immigrants who were Muslims converted to Catholicism, but there are still Muslims as well.

Medicine is socialized and so is education, making Argentina's literacy rate about 98%. State University is free as well.

==Related pages==
*[[Argentina at the Olympics]]
*[[Argentina national football team]]
*[[List of rivers of Argentina]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

<div class="references-small">
* [http://www.mapsofworld.com/argentina/index.html General information and maps]
* [http://www.argentinatravelnet.com Geography and tourism]
* [http://www.guiafe.com.ar/argentina-pictures Pictures from Argentina grouped by provincia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820011313/http://www.guiafe.com.ar/argentina-pictures/ |date=2006-08-20 }}
</div>

== External links ==
{{sisterlinks|Argentina|voy=Argentina}}
* [http://www.argentina.gov.ar Argentina.gov.ar] - Official national portal
* [http://www.info.gov.ar Gobierno Electrónico] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903065827/http://www.info.gov.ar/ |date=2017-09-03 }} - Official government website
* [http://www.presidencia.gov.ar Presidencia de la Nación] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113081118/http://www.presidencia.gov.ar/ |date=2010-11-13 }} - Official presidential website
* [http://www.senado.gov.ar Honorable Senado de la Nación] - Official senatorial website
* [http://www.diputados.gov.ar Honorable Cámara de Diputados de la Nación] - Official lower house website
* [http://www.turismo.gov.ar Secretaría de Turismo de la Nación] - Official tourism board website

{{South America}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Argentina| ]]
[[Category:Spanish-speaking countries]]

Argentina - Revision history

222.127.94.125 at 13:52, 23 September 2022