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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = "Argyranthemum frutescens".jpg
| genus = Argyranthemum
| species = frutescens
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Sch.Bip.]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=h>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-38385 The Plant List ''Argyranthemum frutescens'' (L.) Sch.Bip. ]</ref>
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=Synonymy
|''Anthemis frutescens'' Voss
|''Chrysanthemum floridum'' Salisb.
|''Chrysanthemum foliosum'' Brouss. ex DC.
|''Chrysanthemum frutescens'' L.
|''Chrysanthemum fruticosum'' Buch
|''Matricaria frutescens'' Desr
|''Pyrethrum frutescens'' (L.) Gaertn.
|''Pyrethrum frutescens'' (L.) Willd.
}}
}}
{{Commons category|Argyranthemum frutescens}}

'''''Argyranthemum frutescens''''', known as '''Paris daisy''',<ref name=BSBI07>{{BSBI 2007 |accessdate=2014-10-17 }}</ref> '''marguerite''' or '''marguerite daisy''', is a perennial [[plant]] known for its flowers. It is native to the [[Canary Islands]] (part of [[Spain]]).<ref>Humphries, C. J. 1976. A revision of the Macaronesian genus ''Argyranthemum'' Webb ex Schultz Bip. (Compositae–Anthemideae). Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 5: 147–240.</ref> Hybrids derived from this species ([[garden marguerite]]s) are widely cultivated as ornamental plants in private [[garden]]s and public [[park]]s in many countries, and have naturalized in Italy<ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=argyranthemum+frutescens Altervista Flora Italiana Margherita delle Canarie, ''Argyranthemum frutescens'' (L.) Sch. Bip.]</ref> and southern [[California]].<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Argyranthemum%20frutescens.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]</ref> There are many [[cultivar]]s, but the most common has white [[petal]]s.<ref>[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=9021 Calflora taxon report, University of California, ''Argyranthemum frutescens'' (L.) Schultz-Bip. marguerite ]</ref>{{failed verification|date=February 2020}}

==Description==
It is a [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[shrub]] that grows to about {{cvt|20|–|80|cm}}. The strongly branched plant often grows [[globose]]-bushy with ascending to upright branches. The alternate, more or less fleshy and blue-green leaves are in outline oval to oval-[[lanceolate]], {{cvt|1-8|cm|in|1}} long and {{cvt|4-6|cm|in}} wide. The foliage is green. The [[inflorescence]]s are loose with 4 to 30 daisy-like [[flower heads]], white with a yellow center, up to {{cvt|2|cm|in}} in diameter.<ref name=BramBram01>{{Citation |mode=cs1 |last1=Bramwell |first1=David |last2=Bramwell |first2=Zoë |date=2001 |contribution=Argyranthemum frutescens |title=Wild Flowers of the Canary Islands |page=338 |location=Madrid |publisher=Editorial Rueda |isbn=978-84-7207-129-2 |edition=2nd |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>

In most subspecies, the ligules of the ray [[floret]]s are about 8 mm long, pure white, female and form fertile [[achene]]s, which are triangular to horn-like winged. The achenes of the yellow tubular central flowers are sterile and one-winged. The [[pappus (botany)|pappus]] is always irregularly crown-shaped. The flower is very fragrant. The flower opens its petals in the morning and closes them at night.<ref>Hohenester, Adalbert and Welß, Walter: excursion flora for the Canary Islands . Publisher Eugen Ulmer 1993, {{ISBN|3-8001-3466-7}}.</ref>

==Subspecies==
List:<ref name=h/>
* ''Argyranthemum frutescens'' subsp. ''canariae'' (Christ) Humphries
* ''Argyranthemum frutescens'' subsp. ''foeniculaceum'' (Pit. & Proust) Humphries
* ''Argyranthemum frutescens'' subsp. ''frutescens''
* ''Argyranthemum frutescens'' subsp. ''gracilescens'' (Christ) Humphries
* ''Argyranthemum frutescens'' subsp. ''pumilum'' Humphries

==Distribution and habitat==
Like the other ''Argyranthemum'' species, the shrub marguerite originates from the Canary Islands. On [[El Hierro]], [[La Gomera]], [[Tenerife]] and [[Gran Canaria]] it is common in the coastal regions, on [[La Palma]] very rare. Overall, it is the most common species of the genus in the Canary Islands. The plant often grows in [[succulent]] shrubbery on well-drained, poor soils in full sun, preferably also near the coast at altitudes up to 700 meters.

Along with full sunlight, this plant needs organic matter in high quantities in order to grow, while it also requires very well drained soil. The plant can die if overwhelmed with water. It is tolerant of low temperatures, although it cannot survive freezing. It requires a lot of sunlight and must be protected from the wind.<ref>[[Gordon Cheers]] (ed.): Botanica . Random House Australia 2003. German edition: Tandem Verlag GmbH 2003, {{ISBN|3-8331-1600-5}} .</ref>

==Cultivation==
''Argyranthemum frutescens'' subsp. ''canariae'' has been given the [[Award of Garden Merit]] (AGM) by the [[Royal Horticultural Society]].<ref name=RHS_Afc>{{citation |year=2020 |title='' Argyranthemum frutescens'' subsp. ''canariae'' |work=Plant finder & selector / RHS Gardening |publisher=The Royal Horticultural Society |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/77153/Argyranthemum-frutescens-subsp-canariae/Details |accessdate=2012-02-23}}</ref> Many of the plants grown under the name "''Argyranthemum frutescens''" are [[cultivar]]s of [[garden marguerite]]s, some being hybrids between this species and related genera. The cultivars produce prolific single or [[double-flowered]] daisy-like flowers in shades of white, pink, yellow and purple throughout summer.<ref name=FlorShawWats18>{{Citation |last1=Flores |first1=Anita |last2=Shaw |first2=Julian |last3=Watson |first3=John |date=2018 |title=Unpicking a daisy chain |journal=The Plantsman |series=New Series |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=238–243 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref> In the UK climate, they are generally [[hardiness (plants)|half-hardy]], and can be grown from [[seed]] or [[cutting (plant)|cuttings]], or purchased as young plants to be planted out after all danger of frost has passed.<ref name=RHSAZ>{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-1405332965|pages=1136}}</ref>

==See also==
*''[[Leucanthemum]]'', similar looking plant of different genus

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* Plants database [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ARFR11 United States Department of Agriculture plants profile, ''Argyranthemum frutescens'']
* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?80286&expand=1 [[Jepson Manual Online]], ''Argyranthemum frutescens'']
* [http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a488 Missouri Botanical Garden, Gardening Help, Plant Finder]
* [http://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/details?plantid=5710 Royal Horticultural Society, London]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130208063319/http://www.easybloom.com/plantlibrary/plant/marguerite-daisy-11 Easy Bloom, Marguerite daisy, Madeira White Improved ''(Argyranthemum frutescens)'']
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942297000630 Sciencedirect, Antonio G. Gonzalez, Rafael Estevez-Reyes, Ana Estevez-Braun, Angel G. Ravelo, Ignacio A. Jimenez, Isabel L. Bazzocchi, Marcelino A. Aguilara, Laila Moujirb. 1997. Biological activities of some ''Argyranthemum'' species. Phytochemistry 45:963–967]#
* [https://www.theflowerexpert.com/content/flowerbusiness/flowergrowersandsellers/national-native-popular-flowers-of-denmark National flower of Denmark]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2062517}}

[[Category:Anthemideae]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of the Canary Islands]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Garden plants]]

Argyranthemum frutescens - Revision history

WikiDwarfBOT at 17:10, 21 August 2022