>TheGoodAndHolyLord at 02:12, 27 June 2021

2021-06-27T02:12:38Z

New page

{{short description|Article of the Constitution of India}}
'''Article 48 of the [[Constitution of India]]''' is one of the [[Directive Principles]] which directs the state to make efforts for banning [[animal slaughter]]ing of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle. It further states to organise [[agriculture]] and [[animal husbandry]] on modern and scientific lines.<ref name="Indian Kanoon 2016">{{cite web | title=Article 48 in The Constitution Of India 1949 | website=Indian Kanoon | date=2016-05-06 | url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1452355/ | access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref><ref name="Bhatia 2017">{{cite web | last=Bhatia | first=Gautam | title=Cow slaughter and the Constitution | website=The Hindu | date=2017-06-01 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/cow-slaughter-and-the-constitution/article18683942.ece | access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>

==Directive Principles==
Article 48 is included as a “Directive Principle of State Policy”, meant to guide the Indian states in policy formation and its implementation, but could not be enforced in any court.<ref name="Indian Kanoon 1949">{{cite web | title=Constituent Assembly Debates On 14 November, 1949 | website=Indian Kanoon | date=1949-11-14 | url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/305953/ | access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>
#All the states administered by the [[Government of India]] shall take measures for preserving and improving the breed.
#The state administration shall make necessary arrangements to re-organize agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines.
#The state shall endeavour to prohibit illegal slaughtering and smuggling of [[cattle]], [[calf|calves]] and other [[dairy cattle|milch]] and [[working animal|draught cattle]].
# The state shall take necessary actions to control trade of cattle in [[livestock]] markets for purposes of inhuman slaughter.<ref name="Siddiqi 2020">{{cite web | last=Siddiqi | first=Huzaifa Omair | title=Is there a Hindu bias in India’s secular Constitution? A 2005 academic paper suggests as much | website=Scroll.in | date=2020-02-02 | url=https://scroll.in/article/951661/is-there-a-hindu-bias-in-indias-secular-constitution-a-2005-academic-paper-suggests-as-much | access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>
#The State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=protecting forest and wildlife|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=190923#:~:text=Further%20as%20per%20article%2048,other%20milch%20and%20draught%20cattle.|access-date=2021-01-13|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
#The states shall prevent slaughtering of animals except in recognized and licensed slaughter houses.<ref name="Press Information Bureau">{{cite web | title=Slaughtering of Cows | website=Press Information Bureau | url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=190923 | access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>
#States shall prohibit the slaughtering of pregnant animals or animals having offspring less than three months old. Further, the animal which is under the age of three months or has not been certified by a [[veterinarian]] that it is in a fit condition to be used commercially, shall not be slaughtered in a licensed house.<ref name="Satwik 2018">{{cite web | last=Satwik | first=Ambarish | title=Holy mother of profit | website=@businessline | date=2018-09-28 | url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/talk/holy-mother-of-profit/article25070061.ece | access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>

==Purpose ==
The purpose of the Article 48 of the constitution is aimed at protecting Bos Indicus.<ref name="https://www.outlookindia.com/ 2019">{{cite web | title=Faulted By Design: Cow Slaughter In India And Bank Interest In Pakistan | website=Outlook India | date=2019-02-10 | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/blog/story/india-news-faulted-by-design-cows-slaughter-in-india-and-bank-interest-in-pakist/4037 | access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref> In view of the persistent demands requested from the related religions, for action to be taken to prevent cattle slaughtering, the government formulated Article 48 for well-being of cattle and to take measures to secure the cattle wealth of India.<ref name="Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying 2001">{{cite web | title=Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying | website=Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying | date=2001-08-13 | url=http://dahd.nic.in/related-links/chapter-ii-exective-summery | access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref><ref name="The Wire 20181">{{cite web | title=Examining the Constituent Assembly Debates on Cow Protection | website=The Wire | date=2018-03-13 | url=https://thewire.in/law/unveiling-indias-long-history-of-hypocrisy-on-cow-slaughter-laws | access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>

== Petitions filed==
The article 48 was challenged in the [[Supreme Court of India]] by [[butcher]]s, [[tanning (leather)|tanners]], gut [[merchant]]s, curers and cattle dealers. The petitions were filed in accordance with [[Fundamental rights in India|fundamentals rights]] as mandated in (Article 19(1)(g)) and religion (Article 25) which were violated by enforcing the Article 48.<ref name="Mahapatra 2017">{{cite web | last=Mahapatra | first=Dhananjay | title=Cow slaughter and fundamental rights: Debate on since 1948 | website=The Economic Times | date=2017-05-01 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cow-slaughter-and-fundamental-rights-debate-on-since-1948/articleshow/58454897.cms | access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref><ref name="Indian Kanoon 1956">{{cite web | title=Mohd. Hanif Quareshi & Others vs The State Of Bihar(And Connected ... on 23 April, 1958 | website=Indian Kanoon | date=1956-05-18 | url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/93885/?type=print | access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref><ref name="The Wire 2018">{{cite web | title=It's Time the Supreme Court Untangled Its Contradictory Rulings on Cow Protection | website=The Wire | date=2018-03-13 | url=https://thewire.in/law/untangling-the-supreme-courts-contradictory-rulings-on-cow-protection | access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>

==References ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

[[Category:Parts and articles of the Constitution of India]]

Article 48 of the Constitution of India - Revision history

>TheGoodAndHolyLord at 02:12, 27 June 2021