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{{short description|Indian Sunni Islamic scholar (1877-1945)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific_prefix = [[Mawlana]]
| name = Mian Sayyid Asghar Hussain Deobandi
| religion = [[Islam]]
| birth_date = 16 October 1877
| birth_place = [[Deoband]], [[Saharanpur District]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1945|1|8|1877|10|16|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Surat]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| resting_place = [[Rander]], [[Surat]], [[Gujarat]]
| region = [[Indian subcontinent]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
| movement = [[Deobandi]]
| disciple_of = [[Imdadullah Muhajir Makki|Haaji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]], Miyanji Munne Shah
| influenced = [[Muhammad Shafi]], [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]]
| students = [[Badre Alam Merathi]], [[Sharif Hasan Deobandi]]
}}
'''Asghar Hussain Deobandi''' (also known as '''Mian Sayyid Asghar Hussain''') (16 October 1877 — 8 January 1945) was a [[Sunni]] Muslim scholar from the Indian subcontinent who co-founded [[Madrasatul Islah]].

Born on 16 October 1877 in a [[Deoband]]-based family, claiming descent to [[Abdul Qadir Jeelani]], Asghar Hussain Deobandi was an alumnus of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], where he studied with [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]], [[Azizur Rahman Usmani]] and [[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]]. Hussain was a disciple of [[Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]] in the [[Chisti order|Chishti Sufi order]]. He taught religious sciences at [[Atala Mosque, Jaunpur|Atala Masjid, Jaunpur]] and at his alma mater, Darul Uloom Deoband. He co-edited ''Al-Qasim'', a monthly journal published by Darul Uloom Deoband. Hussain died on 8 January 1945 in [[Surat]], and was buried in [[Rander]]. His students include [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]] and [[Muhammad Shafi]].

==Family background==
Mian Asghar Hussain's ancestors came to India from [[Baghdad]] and are descended from [[Abdul Qadir Jeelani]].<ref name="ghulamrasool">{{citation|first1=Sayyid Jameel |last1=Hussayn|title=Tadhkirah Hadhrat Miyan Saheb|pages=32–33}}</ref> During the era of [[Shah Jahan]], Sayyid Ghulam Rasool had moved to [[India]] along with his family.<ref name="ghulamrasool"/> He was entrusted the imamat and khitabat at the Shahi Masjid of [[Deoband]]. He had two sons, Ghulam Nabi and Ghulam Ali. Both brothers married daughters of Shah Ameerullah.<ref name="ghulamrasool"/>

Sayyid Ghulam Ali had three daughters and two sons. The elder son Alam Meer was the grandfather of Mian Asghar Hussain. Alam Meer married Azeemun Nisa, the daughter of Shah Hafeezullah. They had a daughter Wajeeh-un-Nisa and son Muhammad Hasan, who was the father of Mian Asghar Hussain.<ref name="alammeer">{{citation|first1=Sayyid Jameel |last1=Hussayn|title=Tadhkirah Hadhrat Miyan Saheb|pages=33–34}}</ref> Muhammad Hasan married twice, first to Maryam-un-Nisa, who whom he had a son, Sayyid Khursheed, and a daughter Masum-un-Nisa. After Maryam-un-Nisa's death, Muhammad Hasan married her sister Naseeb-un-Nisa;{{efn|Maryam-un-Nisa and Naseeb-un-Nisa were daughters of Sayyid Mansab Ali}} they had a son, Asghar Hussain.<ref name="sayyidhasan">{{citation|first1=Sayyid Jameel |last1=Hussayn|title=Tadhkirah Hadhrat Miyan Saheb|pages=49–51}}</ref>

==Birth and education==
===Birth===
Mian Asghar Hussain was born on 16 October 1877 in [[Deoband]] to Sayyid Muhammad Hasan and Naseebun Nisa bint Sayyid Mansub Ali.<ref name="sayyidhasan" />

===Name and lineage===
His [[Arabic name#Ism|ism]] ([[given name]]) was Asghar Hussain. His ''[[nasab]]'' ([[patronymic]]) is: Sayyid Asghar Hussain ibn Sayyid Shah Muhammad Hasan ibn Sayyid Shah Alam Meer ibn Sayyid Ghulam Ali ibn Sayyid Ghulam Rasool Baghdadi ibn Sayyid Shah Faqeerullah Baghdadi ibn Sayyid A’zam Saani ibn Sayyid Nazar Muhammad ibn Sayyid Sultan Muhammad ibn Sayyid A’zam Muhammad ibn Sayyid Abu Muhammad ibn Sayyid Qutbuddin ibn Sayyid Baha’uddeen ibn Sayyid Jamalauddin ibn Sayyid Qutbuddin ibn Sayyid Dawud ibn Muhi’uddin Abu Abdullah ibn Sayyid Abu Saleh Nasr ibn [[Abdul Razzaq Jilani|Sayyid Abdur Razzaq]] ibn [[Abdul Qadir Jilani]].<ref name="lineage">{{citation|first1=Sayyid Jameel |last1=Hussayn|title=Tadhkirah Hadhrat Miyan Saheb|pages=191–194}}</ref>

===Education===
Aged eight, he began studying with Muhammad Abdullah, alias Miyanji Munne Shah{{efn|Miyanji Munne Shah is brother of Azeemun Nisa, the wife of Syed Alam Meer, so he comes to be maternal uncle of Asghar Hussain's father Sayyid Muhammad Hasan and Sayyid Muhammad Hasan is his nephew.<ref name="tazkirah"/> At the request of [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]], he had laid the first stone of the new building of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. He was then preceded by [[Sayyid Muhammad Abid]], and then [[Rasheed Ahmad Gangohi]]. Finally all of them laid down stones along with [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]].<ref name="miyan">{{Cite book|title=Ulama-e-Haq Ke Mujahidana Karname|volume=1|author=[[Muhammad Miyan Deobandi]]|publisher=Faisal Publications, Deoband|page=55}}</ref>}} and studied Quran from his father and then started to study Persian from him. Later he was enrolled in [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. He continued with the Persian class and studied Persian from Muhammad Yaseen, the father of [[Muhammad Shafi]]. He studied mathematics from Manzoor Ahmad. He passed the class of Persian with first position and soon received [[Muwatta Imam Malik]] as an honorary gift. As Asghar Hussain turned 17 or 18 and reached the Arabic classes in [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], his father died on 20 September 1894. He discontinued his studies for almost one year and started to teach in his ancestral madrasa.

At the request of [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]], Asghar Hussain entered the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] again on 1 April 1896 and continued with Arabic classes. He studied ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'', ''[[Jami` at-Tirmidhi]]'' and ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood]]'' with Mahmud Hasan Deobandi. His other teachers included [[Azizur Rahman Usmani]] and Ghulam Rasool Baghwi. He graduated in 1320 [[Hijri year|AH]] and was awarded his certificate from Mahmud Hasan Deobandi and [[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]].<ref name="tazkirah"/>

He was an authorized disciple of [[Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]] in the Chishti branch of [[Tasawwuf]].<ref name="aakhrilamhaat">{{cite book |author1=Abu Muhammad Maulana Sana'ullah Shujabadi |title=Ulama-e-Deoband Ke Aakhri Lamhaat |publisher=Maktaba Rasheediya [[Saharanpur]] |page=51 |edition=2015 |language=Urdu}}</ref><ref name="mahbub">{{cite book |author1=[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi]]|translator=Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi |title=History of The [[Darul Uloom Deoband|Dar al-Ulum Deoband]]|volume=2|publisher=Idara-e-Ehtemam|location=[[Darul Uloom Deoband|Dar al-Ulum Deoband]] |page=61,62,143 |edition=1981 |language=English}}</ref>

==Career==
After graduating from the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], he worked in the office department of the Darul Uloom for more than one year. Then his teachers [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]] and [[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]] sent him to the madrassa of the [[Atala Mosque, Jaunpur|Atala Masjid, Jaunpur]] for the post of head-teacher and he served there for seven years. In the meantime in 1327 AH, he laid the foundation stone of [[Madrasatul Islah]] in Sarai Meer, [[Azamgarh]] in 1908.<ref>{{cite web |title=Islamic Education in Modern India |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/52389/11/11_chapter%202.pdf |accessdate=25 March 2020 |page=76}}</ref> He was called to [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] and was entrusted with co-editorship of the journal ''Al-Qasim'' of the Darul Uloom, while the editor was Maulana Habeebur Rahman. He was entrusted the teaching of ''[[Sunan Abu Dawud]]'' in [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] and he also taught the books of tafsir and fiqh like ''Jalalayn'' and ''Durr-e-Mukhtar''.<ref name="mahbub"/><ref name="tazkirah">{{cite book |author1=Dr. Syed Jameel Hussain |title=Tazkirah Hazrat Miyan Saheb |publisher=Madrasa Islamia Asgharia, Deoband|language=Urdu}}</ref> His notable students include [[Muhammad Shafi]],<ref name="akabir">{{cite book |author1=[[Muhammad Taqi Usmani|Justice Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani]] |title=Akabir-e-Deoband Kya Thy |publisher=Zamzam Book Depot, [[Deoband]] |page=54 |edition=May 1995 |language=Urdu}}</ref> [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]].<ref name="ameen">{{cite book |author1=[[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]] |title=Hazaar Saal Pehle |publisher=Al-Ameen Kitabistaan, [[Deoband]] |page=13|chapter=Profile of Maulana [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]] by [[Syed Azhar Shah Qaiser]]|edition=July 2004|language=Urdu}}</ref> and Mufti Naseem Ahmad Fareedi. He restarted his ancestral madrasa which had been closed since the death of his father. The madrasa came later under the care of his son Sayyid Bilal Hussain Mian (d. 9 February 1990) and is now known as Madrassa Asgharia Qadeem whilst its historical name is Darul Musafireen, Madrasa Taleemul Quran.<ref name="mahbub"/>

==Literary works==
Asghar Hussain has written about thirty books in the [[Urdu]] language, including:<ref name="books">{{citation|first1=Sayyid Jameel |last1=Hussayn|title=Tadhkirah Hadhrat Miyan Saheb|pages=198–207}}</ref>
* ''Fatawa Muhammadi''
* ''al-Jawab al-Matin bi-Ahadith Sayyid al-Mursaleen''
* ''Miras al-Muslimin''
* ''Mufeed-ul-Wariseen''
* ''Hayat-e-Khizer''
* ''al-Qawl al-Matin fi al-Iqamati wa at-Taziin''
* ''Gulzar-e-Sunnat''{{Sfn|Kaleem|2017|p=275–276}}
* ''Molvi Ma'anwi'' (biography of [[Rumi]])
* ''Hayat-e-Shaykhul Hind'' (biography of [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]])<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Ahmad |first=Ishtiaque |author-link=Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi |title=Ulama E Deoband Ki Swaneh Umriyon Ka Tanqeedi Tajziya Azadi Se Qabl |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]] |year=2020 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/338413 |degree=PhD |pp=108–120}}</ref>
* ''Kulliyat Shaykhul Hind''
* ''Irshadun Nabi''<ref name=":Kaleem">{{Cite thesis |last=Kaleem |first=Mohd |title=Contribution of Old boys of Darul uloom Deoband in Hadith Literature |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/364028 |type=PhD |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/364028 |access-date=24 October 2023 |archive-date=24 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024044219/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/364028 |url-status=live |pages=269–270}}</ref>
* ''Chehel Hadith''{{Sfn|Kaleem|2017|p=271–273}}
* ''Nqabil Itibar Riwayat'' {{Sfn|Kaleem|2017|p=273–274}}

==Marriage and family life==
During his student days at Darul Uloom Deoband, Hussain married the daughter of Mushtaq Hussain. They had two sons, Sayyid Akhtar Hussain and Mian Bilal Hussain, and one daughter, Fehmeeda.<ref name="awlaad">{{citation|first1=Sayyid Jameel |last1=Hussayn|title=Tadhkirah Hadhrat Miyan Saheb|pages=169–171, 193–194}}</ref> Fehmeeda died eight years after her marriage, and was survived by her son Syed Farhat Hussain who had been associated with Hamdard Dawakhana in Karachi.<ref name="awlaad"/> Hussain's son Sayyid Akhtar Hussain was a teacher of hadith at Darul Uloom Deoband, and served in the seminary's administration.<ref name="awlaad"/> Hussain's another son Sayyid Bilal Hussain is survived by three sons, Sayyid Jameel Hussain, Sayyid Khaleel Hussain, and Sayyid Jaleel Hussain; and two daughters, Sajida Khatun and Aabida Khatun.<ref name="awlaad"/>

==Death==
Mian Asghar Hussain died of cardiac arrest on 8 January 1945 (22 [[Muharram]] 1364 [[Hijri year|AH]]). He is buried in [[Rander]], [[Surat]].<ref name="mahbub" /><ref name="tazkirah"/>

==See also==
* [[List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]]
* [[List of Deobandis]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last1=Hussayn |first1=Sayyid Jameel |title= Tadhkirah Hadhrat Miyan Saheb
|trans-title=Biography of Miyan Saheb |publisher=Madrasa Islamia Asgharia|location=[[Deoband]]|language=Urdu}}

[[Category:1877 births]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Deoband]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]]
[[Category:Scholars from British India]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Darul Uloom Deoband]]

Asghar Hussain Deobandi - Revision history

KINGRON at 11:05, 25 April 2026