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{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ashrafuz Zaman Khan
| image =
| image_size =
| native_name = আশরাফুজ্জামান খান
| native_name_lang = bn
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1948|2|28}}
| birth_place = [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]], [[East Bengal]], [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]
| occupation =
| known_for = * [[1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals]]<ref name=Independent-001/>
* Head of ''Islamic Circle of North America'' ([[ICNA]]), Queens branch <ref name=bdn-024/>
| criminal_penalty = Death sentence given ''in absentia''
| criminal_status =
}}

'''Ashrafuz Zaman Khan''' ({{lang-bn|আশরাফুজ্জামান খান}}, {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|اشرف زمان خان}}}}; born February 28, 1948) is one of the convicted masterminds of [[1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals]]. In 1971, he was a member of the Central Committee of the Islami Chhatra Sangha.<ref name=Independent-001>{{cite news|title=UK Muslim leader Chowdhury Mueen Uddin sentenced to death in Bangladesh|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/uk-muslim-leader-chowdhury-mueen-uddin-sentenced-to-death-in-bangladesh-8919895.html|access-date=November 6, 2013|newspaper=The Independent|location=London|date=November 3, 2022}}</ref><ref name=DT-001>{{cite news|title=UK documentary narrated Chowdhury Mueen’s involvement|url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/law-amp-rights/2013/nov/04/uk-documentary-narrated-chowdhury-mueen%E2%80%99s-involvement|access-date=November 6, 2013|newspaper=Dhaka Tribune|date=November 4, 2022}}</ref> After liberation he went to Pakistan and worked for Radio Pakistan. Later, he moved to New York and presently heads the Queens branch of Islamic Circle of North America ([[ICNA]]).<ref name=bdn-024>{{cite news|title=Investigator in US for Ashrafuzzaman|url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/06/24/investigator-in-us-for-ashrafuzzaman|access-date=November 6, 2013|newspaper=bdnews24.com|date=June 24, 2022}}</ref><ref name=BGA-001>{{cite web|title=The Travail of Ashrafuzzaman Khan’s Infamous Diary|url=http://www.genocidebangladesh.org/?p=418|work=Bangladesh Genocide Archive|access-date=November 6, 2022}}</ref> He was sentenced to death in absentia by the International War Crimes Tribunal for killing 18 Bengali intellectuals during the last days of the 1971 [[Liberation War of Bangladesh]].<ref name="bdnews24.com">{{cite news |title=Ashraf, Mueen to hang for intellectuals murder|url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/11/03/ashraf-mueen-to-hang-for-mass-murder |website=bdnews24.com |access-date=April 13, 2022}}</ref>

==Activities as a commander of Al Badr==
Ashrafuzzaman Khan shot to death seven teachers of [[Dhaka University]] in the killing zones at Mirpur. Mofizzuddin, who drove the vehicle that carried those victims to Mirpur, clearly identified Ashrafuzzaman as the "chief killer" of the intellectuals.<ref name=bdn-024/>

==After 1971 War==
After Liberation, Ashrafuzzaman's personal diary was recovered from his residence, 350 East [[Nakhalpara]]. Two pages of his diary registered names and residential addresses of 19 teachers as well as the name of the medical officer of Dhaka University. Of those 20 persons, 8 were missing on December 14: Munier Chowdhury (Bengali), Dr. Abul Khair (History), Ghiasuddin Ahmed (History), Rashidul Hasan (English), Dr. Faizul Mohi (IE R) and Dr. Murtaza (Medical Officer).

Mofizuddin confessed that Ashrafuzzaman himself shot all of them. As per Mofizuddin's description, the decomposed bodies of those unfortunate teachers were recovered from the swamps of Rayer Bazar and the mass grave at Shiyal Bari at Mirpur. There were also other names in the diary including Dr. Wakil Ahmed (Bengali), Dr. Nilima Ibrahim (Bengali), Dr. Latif (IE R), Dr. Maniruzzaman (Geography), K M Saaduddin (Sociology), AMM Shahidullah (Math), Dr. Sirajul Islam (Islamic History), Dr. Akhtar Ahmed (Education), Zahirul Huq (Psychology), Ahsanul Huq (English), Serajul Islam Chowdbury (English), and Kabir Chowdhury (English).
Another page of his diary recorded the names of 16 collaborating teachers of Dhaka university. Apart from that there were also names of Chowdbury Moinuddin, the chief of operation for elimination of the intelligentsia, and Shawkat Imran, a member of the central Al-Badr command, and the head of Dhaka Al-Badr forces.

The diary also contained names and addresses of several other prominent Bengalis. All of them lost their lives at the hands of Al-Badr forces. On a small piece of paper the name of the member finance of the Pakistan Jute Board, Abdul Khalek, was written down. On December 9, 1971, the Al-Badr forces kidnapped Mr. Khalek from his office. They demanded Taka 10,000 as ransom. They saw Mrs. Khalek for ransom money. But at that time she was unable to pay the kidnappers more than 450 taka. She promised that she would give them the rest of the money later, and begged them her husband's life. But Mr. Khalek never came back.

Ashrafuzzaman has also been implicated in the murder of some journalists. It was Ashrafuzzaman who kidnapped the shift-in- charge of the Purbadesh, and the literary editor, Mr. Golam Mustafa.<ref name=bdn-024/>

== War crimes trial ==

===Arrest warrant===
On April 25, 2013, the [[International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)|International Crimes Tribunal]] submitted formal charges against Ashrafuz Zaman Khan on the charge of [[1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals|killing 18 intellectuals]] towards the end of the [[Bangladesh liberation war]] 1971, as the "chief executor" of the [[Al-Badr]] force.<ref name=DS-1>{{cite news|title=Charges against Mueen, Ashraf accepted|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/charges-against-mueen-uddin-ashrafuzzaman-accepted/|access-date=May 2, 2013|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=May 2, 2022}}</ref><ref name="ashraf bdnews">{{cite news|title='Arrest 2 Al Badr Leaders'|url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/05/02/arrest-2-al-badr-leaders|access-date=May 2, 2013|newspaper=bdnews24.com|date=May 2, 2022}}</ref> A total of 16 charges of crimes against humanity have been brought against him under five categories, and an arrest warrant against him has been issued by the tribunal.<ref name=DS-1 /><ref name="ashraf bdnews" />

===Verdict===
On November 3, 2013, International war crimes tribunal sentenced Ashrafuz Zaman to death after the tribunal found him guilty of torture and murder of 18 intellectuals including nine Dhaka University teachers, six journalists and three doctors during 1971 [[Liberation war of Bangladesh]]. According to International Crimes Tribunal, the prosecution proved all the charges against Ashrafuz beyond doubt.
The tribunal also said that Ashrafuz Zaman and his ally [[Chowdhury Mueen-uddin]] at times, carried out the murders, sometimes they instigated and encouraged them and the two had complete control over the [[Al-Badr (Pakistan)|Al Badr]] during the 1971 War.<ref name="bdnews24.com"/>

===List of victims killed by Ashrafuz Zaman and Chowdhury Mueen-uddin===
A court found Ashrafuz Zaman and Chowdhury Mueen-uddin to be guilty for the murder of following 18 Bengali intellectuals: Dhaka University Professors [[Ghyasuddin Ahmed]], [[Rashidul Hasan]], [[Anwar Pasha]], [[Faizul Mahi]], famous playwright and Professor [[Munier Chowdhury]], [[Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury]], [[Dr Abul Khair]], Dr [[Santosh Chandra Bhattacharyya]] and Dr [[Sirajul Haque Khan]], Professor of Cardiology [[Mohammed Fazle Rabbee]], eminent eye specialist [[AFM Alim Chowdhury]], Physician [[Mohammad Martuza]], Novelist and Journalist [[Shahidullah Kaiser]], Journalist and Poet [[Selina Parvin]], Journalists [[Serajuddin Hossain]], [[Syed Nazmul Haque]], [[ANM Golam Mostafa]], and [[Nizamuddin Ahmed]], in between December 10 and 15, 1971.<ref name=Gallows>{{cite news |title=Gallows for Mueen, Ashraf |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/gallows-for-mueen-ashraf/ |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=November 3, 2022}}</ref><ref name="daily-sun2">{{cite news|title=ICT issues arrest order against Mueen, Ashrafuzzaman |url=http://www.daily-sun.com/details_yes_03-05-2013_ICT-issues-arrest-order-against-Mueen,-Ashrafuzzaman_485_1_2_1_0.html |newspaper=[[Daily Sun (Bangladesh)|Daily Sun]] |location=Dhaka |date=May 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104105107/http://www.daily-sun.com/details_yes_03-05-2013_ICT-issues-arrest-order-against-Mueen%2C-Ashrafuzzaman_485_1_2_1_0.html |archive-date=November 4, 2013 |access-date=November 3, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=DS-Tamanna>{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Tamanna |title=It was matricide |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/it-was-matricide/ |access-date=November 7, 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=November 4, 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Razakars (Pakistan)]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{sisterlinks|wikt=no|b=no|q=Ashrafuz zaman|s=Author:Ashrafuz zaman|commons=Category:Ashrafuz zaman|n=no|v=no}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100308004522/http://www.genocidebangladesh.org/ An online archive of chronology of events, documentations, audio, video, images, media reports and eyewitness accounts of the 1971 Genocide in Bangladesh in the hands of Pakistan army and their helpers Rajakar, Al-badr, Al-Shams]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Ashrafuz Zaman}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Lahore]]
[[Category:People of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:People sentenced to death in absentia]]
[[Category:Pakistani prisoners sentenced to death]]
[[Category:Prisoners sentenced to death by Bangladesh]]
[[Category:1948 births]]

Ashrafuz Zaman Khan - Revision history

Bot at 22:25, 11 March 2022