95.12.119.217 at 21:54, 21 December 2022

2022-12-21T21:54:19Z

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{{Short description|Separatist movements in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Assam separatist conflict
| partof = the [[Insurgency in Northeast India]]
| image = IN-AS.svg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = State of Assam
| date = 27 November 1990 – present ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|year1=1990|month1=11|day1=27}})
| place = [[Assam]], [[India]]
| territory =
| status = [[List of ongoing armed conflicts|Ongoing]] (Skirmish Level)
| combatant1 = {{flag|India}} '''Border conflicts:''' {{flag|Bangladesh}} {{flag|Bhutan}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} [[United Liberation Front of Assam|ULFA]] {{flagicon image|Flag of Karbi Longri N.C. Hills Liberation Front.svg}} [[Karbi Longri N.C. Hills Liberation Front|KLNLF]] (1990–18) {{flagicon image|Front Nacional Democratic Bodoland.svg|22px}} [[National Democratic Front of Bodoland|NDFB]] (1990–20) [[Dima Halam Daogah|DHD]] (1990–13) [[United People's Democratic Solidarity|UPDS]] (1990–14)
| combatant3 = [[Adivasi Cobra Force|ACF]] (1996–12)
| combatant4 = [[Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam|MULTA]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|India|22px}} [[Droupadi Murmu]] ([[President of India|President]]) {{flagicon|India|22px}} [[Narendra Modi]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]) {{flagicon|India|22px}} [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]) {{flagicon|India|22px}} [[S. Jaishankar|Subrahmanyam Jaishankar]] ([[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]) {{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} Dr.Sujoy Lal Thaosen ([[Director General]]) {{flagicon image|Flag of Chief of Defence Staff (India).svg}} [[Anil Chauhan]] ([[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]]) {{flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[Manoj Pande (general)|Manoj Pande]] ([[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]]) {{flagicon image|Naval Ensign_of India.svg}} [[R. Hari Kumar]] ([[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]]) {{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign_of India.svg}} [[Vivek Ram Chaudhari]] ([[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]]) {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Rajnath Singh]] ([[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]) {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Giridhar Aramane]] ([[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]])
{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| title= Former
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[K. R. Narayanan|Kocheril Raman Narayanan]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Pratibha Patil]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Pranab Mukherjee]] †
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Chandra Shekhar]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[H. D. Deve Gowda|Haradanahalli Doddegowda Deve Gowda]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Inder Kumar Gujral]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Manmohan Singh]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Murli Manohar Joshi]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Indrajit Gupta]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[L. K. Advani]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Shivraj Patil]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[P. Chidambaram]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[M. C. Chagla]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Dinesh Singh (politician)|Dinesh Singh]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Swaran Singh]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Bali Ram Bhagat]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[P. Shiv Shankar]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[N. D. Tiwari]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Vidya Charan Shukla]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Madhav Singh Solanki]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Dinesh Singh (politician)|Dinesh Singh]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Sikander Bakht]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Jaswant Singh]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Yashwant Sinha]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Natwar Singh]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[S. M. Krishna]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Salman Khurshid]]
|{{flagdeco|India|size=23px}} [[Sushma Swaraj]]
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} [[Kanwar Pal Singh Gill]]
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} S Subramanian
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} D P N Singh
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} S V M Tripathi
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} M B Kaushal
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} M N Sabharwal
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} Trinath Mishra
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} S C Chaube
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} [[Jyoti Kumar Sinha]]
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} S I S Ahmed
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} V K Joshi
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} A S Gill
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} Vikram Srivastava
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} [[K. Vijay Kumar]]
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} Pranay Sahay
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} Dilip Trivedi
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} Prakash Mishra
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} K. Durga Prasad
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} [[R. R. Bhatnagar]]
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} [[Anand Prakash Maheshwari]]
|{{flagicon image|CRPF Flag.svg}} Kuldiep Singh
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Chief of Defence Staff (India).svg}} [[Bipin Rawat]]{{KIA}}
|{{flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[Sunith Francis Rodrigues]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[Bipin Chandra Joshi]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[Shankar Roychowdhury]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[Ved Prakash Malik]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[Sundararajan Padmanabhan]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[Nirmal Chander Vij]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[J. J. Singh]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[Deepak Kapoor]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[V. K. Singh]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[Bikram Singh (general)|Bikram Singh]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[Dalbir Singh Suhag]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[Bipin Rawat]]{{KIA}}
|{{flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[Manoj Mukund Naravane]]
|{{flagicon image|Admiral-ensign-Indian-Navy.svg}} [[Jayant Ganpat Nadkarni]]
|{{flagicon image|Admiral-ensign-Indian-Navy.svg}} [[Laxminarayan Ramdas]]
|{{flagicon image|Admiral-ensign-Indian-Navy.svg}} [[Vijai Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{flagicon image|Admiral-ensign-Indian-Navy.svg}} [[Vishnu Bhagwat]]
|{{flagicon image|Admiral-ensign-Indian-Navy.svg}} [[Sushil Kumar (admiral)|Sushil Kumar]]
|{{flagicon image|Admiral-ensign-Indian-Navy.svg}} [[Madhvendra Singh]]
|{{flagicon image|Admiral-ensign-Indian-Navy.svg}} [[Arun Prakash]]
|{{flagicon image|Admiral-ensign-Indian-Navy.svg}} [[Sureesh Mehta]]
|{{flagicon image|Admiral-ensign-Indian-Navy.svg}} [[Nirmal Kumar Verma]]
|{{flagicon image|Admiral-ensign-Indian-Navy.svg}} [[Devendra Kumar Joshi]]
|{{flagicon image|Admiral-ensign-Indian-Navy.svg}} [[Robin K. Dhowan]]
|{{flagicon image|Admiral-ensign-Indian-Navy.svg}} [[Sunil Lanba]]
|{{flagicon image|Admiral-ensign-Indian-Navy.svg}} [[Karambir Singh]]
|{{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign_of India.svg}} [[Surinder Mehra]]
|{{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign_of India.svg}} [[Nirmal Chandra Suri]]
|{{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign_of India.svg}} [[S. K. Kaul]]
|{{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign_of India.svg}} [[Satish Sareen]]
|{{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign_of India.svg}} [[Anil Yashwant Tipnis]]
|{{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign_of India.svg}} [[Srinivasapuram Krishnaswamy]]
|{{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign_of India.svg}} [[Shashindra Pal Tyagi]]
|{{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign_of India.svg}} [[Fali Homi Major]]
|{{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign_of India.svg}} [[Pradeep Vasant Naik]]
|{{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign_of India.svg}} [[Norman Anil Kumar Browne]]
|{{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign_of India.svg}} [[Arup Raha]]
|{{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign_of India.svg}} [[Birender Singh Dhanoa]]
|{{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign_of India.svg}} [[R. K. S. Bhadauria]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Swaran Singh]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Jagjivan Ram]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Bansi Lal]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Chidambaram Subramaniam]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[K. C. Pant]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Sharad Pawar]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Pramod Mahajan]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[George Fernandes]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Jaswant Singh]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[A. K. Antony]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Arun Jaitley]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Manohar Parrikar]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Nirmala Sitharaman]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Narinder Nath Vohra]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} K. A. Nambiar
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} T. K. Banerjee
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} Ajit Kumar
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[T. R. Prasad]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Yogendra Narain]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} Subir Dutta
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} Ajay Prasad
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} Ajai Vikram Singh
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Shekhar Dutt]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Vijay Singh (civil servant)|Vijay Singh]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Pradeep Kumar (civil servant)|Pradeep Kumar]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Shashi Kant Sharma]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[R. K. Mathur]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[G. Mohan Kumar]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Sanjay Mitra (civil servant)|Sanjay Mitra]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg}} [[Ajay Kumar (civil servant)|Ajay Kumar]]
}}
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} [[Paresh Baruah]] {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} [[Arabinda Rajkhowa]] {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} [[Pradip Gogoi]] {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} [[Anup Chetia]] {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} [[Raju Baruah]] {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} [[Chitrabon Hazarika]] {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} [[Ashanta Bagh Phukan]] {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} [[Ramu Mech]] {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} [[Sashadhar Choudhury]] {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} [[Bhimkanta Buragohain]] {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} [[Mithinga Daimary]] {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} [[Pranati Deka]] {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} [[Drishti Rajkhowa]] {{flagicon image|Front Nacional Democratic Bodoland.svg|22px}} [[Sabin Boro]] {{flagicon image|Flag of Karbi Longri N.C. Hills Liberation Front.svg}} [[Men Sing Takbi]] {{flagicon image|Flag of Karbi Longri N.C. Hills Liberation Front.svg}} [[Pradip Terang]]
| commander3 = '' Unknown ''
| commander4 = '' Unknown ''
| units1 =
| units2 =
| strength1 = 1,325,000
| strength2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg|22px}} 3,000–6,000 (1996)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/ulfa.htm |title=Global security - United Liberation Front of Asom |access-date=24 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905022900/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/ulfa.htm |archive-date=5 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> {{Flagicon image|Front Nacional Democratic Bodoland.svg|22px}} 3,500 (2005)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/ndfb.htm |title=Global security - The National Democratice Front of Bodoland (NDFB) |access-date=24 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905065122/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/ndfb.htm |archive-date=5 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> {{flagicon image|Flag of Karbi Longri N.C. Hills Liberation Front.svg}} 225 (2008)<ref>[http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/08july19/national.htm ''DailyExcelsior'']{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| strength3 = 100
| strength4 = ''Unknown''
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties5 = 12,000 killed<ref name="dawn">{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/2009/01/02/top6.htm|title=Five killed in Assam bomb blasts - DAWN.COM|date=2 January 2009|publisher=dawn.com|access-date=12 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027190450/http://www.dawn.com/2009/01/02/top6.htm|archive-date=27 October 2010|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| notes =
| campaignbox =
}}

'''''Assam separatist movements''''' refers to a series of multiple insurgent and separatist movements that are or have been operating the in Northeast Indian state of [[Assam]].<ref name="peopleandpower">{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/peopleandpower/2007/05/2008525184748958544.html|title=Bloody Tea|access-date=28 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605071849/http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/peopleandpower/2007/05/2008525184748958544.html|archive-date=5 June 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
The conflict started in the 1970s<ref name="peopleandpower" /> following tension between the native [[Assamese people|indigenous Assamese people]] and the [[Indian government]] over alleged neglect, political, social, cultural, economic issues and increased levels of illegal immigration from [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/may/19/assam-independence-talks-india | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Aruni | last=Kashyap | title=India needs talks for Assam's peace | date=19 May 2010 | access-date=11 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928135145/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/may/19/assam-independence-talks-india | archive-date=28 September 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/15/world/bomb-kills-10-at-india-independence-parade.html|title=Bomb Kills 10 at India Independence Parade|date=15 August 2004|work=The New York Times|page=15 (section 1)|access-date=27 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626111259/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/15/world/bomb-kills-10-at-india-independence-parade.html|archive-date=26 June 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The conflict has resulted in the deaths of 12,000 [[United Liberation Front of Assam]] (ULFA) militants and 18,000 others.<ref name="sentinelassam">{{cite web|url=http://www.sentinelassam.com/mainnews/story.php?sec=1&subsec=0&id=34300&dtP=2010-04-25&ppr=1#34300|title=The Sentinel|publisher=sentinelassam.com|access-date=12 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719035856/http://www.sentinelassam.com/mainnews/story.php?sec=1&subsec=0&id=34300&dtP=2010-04-25&ppr=1#34300|archive-date=19 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="assam1">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/assam.htm|title=Assam|first=John|last=Pike|access-date=28 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626110935/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/assam.htm|archive-date=26 June 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Several organisations contribute to the insurgency including the ULFA, the Adivasi National Liberation Army, [[Karbi Longri N.C. Hills Liberation Front]] (KLNLF) and the [[National Democratic Front of Bodoland]] (NDFB) with ULFA perhaps the largest of these groups,<ref name="assam1" /> and one of the oldest, having been founded in 1979.<ref name="ulfa">{{cite web|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/assam/terrorist_outfits/ulfa.htm|title=United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) - Terrorist Group of Assam|access-date=28 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091117092038/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/assam/terrorist_outfits/ulfa.htm|archive-date=17 November 2009|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The ULFA has attacked Hindi-speaking migrant workers<ref name="papers">{{Cite web |url=http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers23%5Cpaper2257.html |title=Assam: ULFA's Rerun of Violence against Migrant Workers |access-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128074934/http://southasiaanalysis.org/papers23/paper2257.html |archive-date=28 November 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and a movement exists favouring [[secession]] from the [[Republic of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.apcss.org/Publications/Edited%20Volumes/ReligiousRadicalism/PagesfromReligiousRadicalismandSecurityinSouthAsiach10.pdf |access-date=26 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The alleged neglect and economic, social, cultural and political exploitation by the Indian state are the main reasons behind the growth of this secessionist movement.

The ULFA seeks to establish a sovereign Assam via armed struggle. [[Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam|MULTA]],{{Expand acronym|date=December 2021}} on the other hand, seeks to establish an [[Islamic state]] in India via the jihadist struggle of Muslims of both indigenous and migrant origin. The Government of India banned the ULFA in 1990 and classifies it as a terrorist group, while the [[US State Department]] lists it under "other groups of concern".

Founded at [[Rang Ghar]], a historic structure dating to the [[Ahom kingdom]] on April{{nbsp}}7, 1979, the ULFA has been the subject of military operations by the Indian Army since 1990, which have continued into the present.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assam.org/node/2382 |title=Where Have They All Gone? | Assam Portal |publisher=Assam.org |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025065821/http://www.assam.org/node/2382 |archive-date=25 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the past two decades some 30,000 people have died<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sentinelassam.com/mainnews/story.php?sec=1&subsec=0&id=34300&dtP=2010-04-25&ppr=1#34300 |title=The Sentinel |publisher=Sentinelassam.com |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719035856/http://www.sentinelassam.com/mainnews/story.php?sec=1&subsec=0&id=34300&dtP=2010-04-25&ppr=1#34300 |archive-date=19 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> in the clash between the rebels and the government.
Though separatist sentiment is considered strong, it is disputed if the secessionist movement continues to enjoy popular support. Conversely, assertions of Assamese nationalism are found in [[Assamese literature]] and culture. The neglect and exploitation by the Indian state are common refrains in the Assamese-language media<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.opendemocracy.net/aruni-kashyap/assam |title=The Assam conflict: a failure of the press |publisher=openDemocracy |date=29 July 2010 |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114094232/http://www.opendemocracy.net/aruni-kashyap/assam |archive-date=14 November 2010 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> with some reports casting the ULFA leaders as saviors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/may/19/assam-independence-talks-india |title=India needs talks for Assam's peace | Aruni Kashyap | Comment is free |work=The Guardian|date=19 January 2010 |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928135145/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/may/19/assam-independence-talks-india |archive-date=28 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Internationally acclaimed Assamese novelist [[Indira Goswami]] has tried to broker peace<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/29/stories/2007062959711400.htm |title=National : Indira Goswami makes fresh attempt at brokering peace |date=29 June 2007 |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214072513/http://hindu.com/2007/06/29/stories/2007062959711400.htm |archive-date=14 February 2009 |url-status=dead |work=[[The Hindu]] |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.princeclausfund.org/nl/what_we_do/awards/PrinceClasuAwardIndiraGoswami.shtml |title=Prince Clasu Award Indira Goswami |publisher=Princeclausfund.org |date=29 June 2007 |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704220034/http://www.princeclausfund.org/nl/what_we_do/awards/PrinceClasuAwardIndiraGoswami.shtml |archive-date=4 July 2010 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/ps042.pdf |title=Conflict and Peace in India's Northeast: The Role of Civil Society |access-date=7 November 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101127102621/http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/ps042.pdf| archive-date= 27 November 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> for several years between the rebels and the government.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ipcs.org/pdf_file/issue/1216409026IB40-WasirHussainr-SustainingPeaceProcessinAssam.pdf |title=IPCS | Institute of Peace & Conflict Studies |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310141558/http://www.ipcs.org/pdf_file/issue/1216409026IB40-WasirHussainr-SustainingPeaceProcessinAssam.pdf |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In a recent development [[Hiren Gohain]],<ref>{{cite web |author=TI Trade |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=oct1310/at094 |title=The Assam Tribune Online |publisher=Assamtribune.com |date=13 October 2010 |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928150915/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=oct1310%2Fat094 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sify.com/news/peace-interlocutor-meets-ulfa-leaders-in-guwahati-jail-news-national-kkvsafeajfi.html |title=Peace interlocutor meets ULFA leaders in Guwahati jail |publisher=Sify.com |date=21 October 2010 |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001064712/http://www.sify.com/news/peace-interlocutor-meets-ulfa-leaders-in-guwahati-jail-news-national-kkvsafeajfi.html |archive-date=1 October 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> a public intellectual, has stepped in to expedite the process.

In 2012, all Adivasi militants including those of [[Adivasi Cobra Force]] surrendered.

On 15 May 2019, twelve people were injured after a grenade exploded in front of a shopping mall in Guwahati. Days later the United Liberation Front of Assam claimed responsibility for the attack, and the authorities arrested the main suspects.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/assam/assam-six-injured-grenade-blast-guwahati-live-updates-5729840/|title=Assam: Eleven injured in grenade blast in Guwahati|date=2019-05-15|website=The Indian Express|access-date=2019-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.satp.org/terrorism-update/12-persons-wounded-in-grenade-attack-in-assam|title=Terrorism Update Details - 12-persons-wounded-in-grenade-attack-in-assam|website=www.satp.org|access-date=2019-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/suspected-ulfa-member-main-accused-in-guwahati-grenade-attack-arrested/story-oHSTlA6JYLgfrUbeCZlajP.html|title=Suspected ULFA member, main accused in Guwahati grenade attack arrested|work=Hidnustan Times|date=21 May 2019|access-date=2019-09-23}}</ref>

In 2020 and 2021, all [[National Democratic Front of Boroland|Bodo]], [[Karbi Longri North Cachar Hills Liberation Front|Karbi]], [[Kuki people|Kuki]] and [[Dimasa people|Dimasa]] militants surrendered to the government of India.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}

In 2022, [[Gorkha]] and [[Tiwa (Lalung)|Tiwa]] Militants also surrendered.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}

==See also==
*[[Operation All Clear]]
*[[2008 Assam bombings]]
*[[Bhimajuli Massacre]]
*[[2009 Guwahati bombings]]
*[[2009 Assam serial blasts]]
*[[Insurgency in North-East India]]
*[[Separatist movements of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Stateless nationalism in Asia}}
{{Ethnic nationalism}}
{{History of Assam}}
{{India separatist movements}}
{{Ongoing military conflicts}}

[[Category:1990s in Assam]]
[[Category:2000s in Assam]]
[[Category:2010s in Assam]]
[[Category:2020s in Assam]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Northeast India|*]]
[[Category:Separatism in India]]
[[Category:Assamese nationalism]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Insurgencies in Asia]]
[[Category:Ethnic conflicts]]
[[Category:Rebellions in India]]

Assam separatist movements - Revision history

95.12.119.217 at 21:54, 21 December 2022