NydiaTalley110 at 00:59, 14 April 2026

2026-04-14T00:59:12Z

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{{Short description|17th-century Mughal architect and a mathematics writer}}
[[File:Aurangabad, Bibi Ka Maqbara, mausoleo per la prima moglie di aurangzaeb Dilras Banu Begum, 1660-69 ca., corpo centrale e minareti 04.jpg|thumb|Ataullah designed the [[Bibi Ka Maqbara]] at [[Aurangabad]]]]
'''Ataullah Rushdi bin Ahmad Ma'mar'''{{efn|Other transliterations of his name include 'Aṭāullāh Rushdī bin Aḥmad Ma'mār,<ref name="SMRA_2019"/> 'Ata Allāh Rushdī ibn Aḥmad i Nādir,<ref name="CESS"/> Ata Allah Rashidi,<ref name="CD_2016"/> and Ata Allah Rashdi.<ref name="WEBZAD_1989"/>}} was a 17th-century architect and a mathematics writer from the [[Mughal Empire]] of present-day India. He designed the [[Bibi Ka Maqbara]] at [[Aurangabad]] and some buildings at [[Shahjahanabad]]. As a mathematics writer, he translated the [[Arabic language|Arabic]]-language ''[[Baha' al-din al-'Amili#Works|Khulasat al-Hisab]]'' and the [[Sanskrit]]-language ''[[Bijaganita]]'' into [[Persian language|Persian]].

== Biography ==

Ataullah was the eldest son of [[Ahmad Ma'mar Lahori]], the architect of [[Taj Mahal]].<ref name="WEBZAD_1989">{{cite book |editor1=W.E. Begley |editor2=Z.A. Desai |editor2-link=Z. A. Desai |title=Taj Mahal: The Illumined Tomb |year=1989 |publisher=Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture (Harvard University / MIT) |isbn=9780295969459 |page=270 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XdAmAQAAMAAJ }}</ref> He had two younger brothers, [[Lutfullah Muhandis]] and Nurullah, who were also involved in architecture.<ref name="CD_2016"/>

Ataullah designed the buildings for emperor [[Shah Jahan]]'s' new capital, [[Shahjahanabad]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Nabi Hadi |title=Dictionary of Indo-Persian Literature |year=1995 |publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts |isbn=9788170173113 |page=325 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjJmzdJFOHwC }}</ref> The only design attributed solely to him is that of [[Bibi Ka Maqbara]], the mausoleum of [[Aurangzeb]]'s wife [[Dilras Banu Begum]], completed in 1660-1661.<ref>{{cite book |author=Khursheed Kamal Aziz |title=The Meaning of Islamic Art: Explorations in Religious Symbolism and Social Relevance |volume=1 |year=2004 |publisher=Adam |isbn=9788174353979 |page=476 }}</ref><ref name="SMRA_2019"/>

Makramat Khan, a collaborator of his father, trained Ataullah in arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy.<ref name="CD_2016">{{cite book |author=Chanchal Dadlani |chapter=Innovation, Appropriation, and Representation: Mughal Architectural Ornament in the Eighteenth Century |editor1=Gülru Necipoglu |editor2=Alina Payne |title=Histories of Ornament: From Global to Local |year=2016 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=9780691167282 |page=183 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9nACCwAAQBAJ }}</ref> His younger brother Luftullah was also a famous mathematician.<ref name="SMRA_2019"/> Ataullah wrote two works on mathematics in [[Persian language]]:<ref name="SMRA_2019">{{cite book |author=S. M. Razaullah Ansari |chapter=Persian translations of Bhāskara's Sanskrit texts and their impact in the following centuries |editor1=K. Ramasubramanian |editor2=[[Takao Hayashi]] |editor3=[[Clemency Montelle]] |title=Bhāskara-prabhā: Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences |series=Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences |publisher=Springer |year=2019 |isbn=9789811360343 |doi=10.1007/978-981-13-6034-3_18 |pages=384–385 |s2cid=166240155 }}</ref>

* ''Khulāṣat-ul Rāz'' or ''Khulasah-i-Raz'' ("Essence of Mystery [of Arithmetic]") is a book on arithmetic, algebra and mensuration. It is an abridged translation of [[Baha' al-din al-'Amili]]'s Arabic language book ''Khulasat al-Hisab'', which was used as a textbook in [[madrasa]]s of medieval India. The author wrote the book in [[Verse (poetry)|verse]] form, and dedicated it to the Mughal prince [[Dara Shikoh]].<ref name="SMRA_2019"/>

* ''Tarjuma'-i Bījganit'' or ''Tarjamah i Bij ganit'' (1044 [[Hijri year|AH]] / 1634-1635 CE) is a translation of [[Bhaskara II]]'s Sasnkrit language book ''[[Bijaganita]]''.<ref name="CESS">{{cite book |editor=David Pingree |editor-link=David Pingree |title=Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit Series A |volume=1 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |year=1970 |page=39 |url=https://archive.org/details/PingreeCESS/Pingree_CESS_A1_1970/ }}</ref> The author praised Bhaskara as "a discoverer of wonderful truth and nice subtleties" and dedicated the book to the Mughal emperor [[Shah Jahan]].<ref name="SMRA_2019"/> Edward Strachey's English translation of the Ataullah's book was published in London in 1813.<ref name="CESS"/> Manuscripts of this work are available at [[Banaras Hindu University]], [[Darul Uloom Deoband|Madrasa Darul Ulum (Deoband)]], Raza Library (Rampur), Saidiyah Library (Hyderabad), [[Osmania University]] Library (Hyderabad), [[Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama|Madarasa Nadwatul Ulama]], [[Madrasatul Waizeen]], [[British Museum]], [[India Office Records|India Office (London)]].<ref name="SMRA_2019"/>

== Notes ==
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== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Mathematics writers]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:17th-century Persian-language writers]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian architects]]
[[Category:Architects from the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Arabic–Persian translators]]
[[Category:Sanskrit–Persian translators]]
[[Category:17th-century Mughal Empire people]]

Ataullah Rashidi - Revision history

NydiaTalley110 at 00:59, 14 April 2026