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{{Infobox Rocket
|image = ASLV_Launch.jpeg
|caption = ASLV liftoff
|imsize =
|height = {{convert|23.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|mass = {{convert|41000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|diameter = {{convert|1|m|abbr=on}}
|manufacturer = [[ISRO]]
|function = Small [[launch vehicle]]
|country-origin = India
|capacities =
{{Infobox Rocket/Payload
|location = 400 km [[Low Earth orbit|LEO]]
|kilos = {{convert|150|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
}}
|status = Retired
|first = 24 March 1987
|last = 4 May 1994
|launches = 4
|success = 1
|fail = 2
|partial = 1
|sites = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Sriharikota]]
|family = [[Satellite Launch Vehicle|SLV]], [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]
|payloads = [[Stretched Rohini Satellite Series|SROSS]]
|stagedata =
{{Infobox Rocket/Stage
|type = stage
|stageno = First
|engines = 2 [[Solid rocket|solid]]
|thrust = {{convert|502.6|kN|lbf|abbr=on}} each
|SI = {{convert|253|isp}}
|burntime = 49 seconds
|fuel = [[Solid rocket|Solid]]
}}
{{Infobox Rocket/Stage
|type = stage
|stageno = Second
|engines = 1 [[Solid rocket|solid]]
|thrust = {{convert|702.6|kN|lbf|abbr=on}}
|SI = {{convert|259|isp}}
|burntime = 45 seconds
|fuel = [[Solid rocket|Solid]]
}}
{{Infobox Rocket/Stage
|type = stage
|stageno = Third
|engines = 1 [[Solid rocket|solid]]
|thrust = {{convert|304|kN|lbf|abbr=on}}
|SI = {{convert|276|isp}}
|burntime = 36 seconds
|fuel = [[Solid rocket|Solid]]
}}
{{Infobox Rocket/Stage
|type = stage
|stageno = Fourth
|engines = 1 [[Solid rocket|solid]]
|thrust = {{convert|90.7|kN|lbf|abbr=on}}
|SI = {{convert|277|isp}}
|burntime = 45 seconds
|fuel = [[Solid rocket|Solid]]
}}
{{Infobox Rocket/Stage
|type = stage
|stageno = Fifth
|engines = 1 [[Solid rocket|solid]]
|thrust = {{convert|35|kN|lbf|abbr=on}}
|SI = {{convert|281|isp}}
|burntime = 33 seconds
|fuel = [[Solid rocket|Solid]]
}}
}}

The '''Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle''' or '''Advanced Satellite Launch Vehicle''', also known as '''ASLV''', was a [[Small-lift launch vehicle]] five-stage [[solid-fuel rocket]] developed by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) to place 150 kg satellites into [[Low Earth orbit|LEO]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.isro.org/launchers/aslv | title=ASLV | access-date=28 December 2014}}</ref> This project was started by India during the early 1980s to develop technologies needed for a payload to be placed into a [[geostationary orbit]].<ref name="bharat-rakshak.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/SPACE/space-launchers-aslv.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-07-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829151541/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/SPACE/space-launchers-aslv.html |archive-date=2009-08-29 }}</ref><ref name=ITASLV>{{cite news|last=Menon|first=Amarnath|title=Setback in the sky|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/failure-of-aslv-mission-comes-a-major-blow-to-india-ambitious-space-programme/1/336942.html|access-date=18 January 2014|newspaper=India Today|date=15 April 1987}}</ref> Its design was based on [[Satellite Launch Vehicle]].<ref name="astronautix.com">{{cite web | url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/aslv.htm | title=Encyclopedia Astronautica Index: 1}}</ref> ISRO did not have sufficient funds for both the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] programme and the ASLV programme at the same time and the ASLV programme was terminated after the initial developmental flights.<ref name="bharat-rakshak.com"/> The payloads of ASLV were [[Stretched Rohini Satellite Series|Stretched Rohini Satellites]].<ref name="astronautix.com"/>

==Vehicle==
The ASLV was a five-stage vehicle. Two strap-on boosters acted as a first stage, with the core stage igniting after [[booster (rocketry)|booster]] burn out. The payload capacity of the ASLV was approximately {{cvt|150|kg}} to an orbit of {{cvt|400|km}} with a 47-degree inclination.<ref name="astronautix.com"/>

At liftoff, the ASLV generated {{cvt|92,780|kgf|kN lbf|order=out}} of thrust. It was a {{convert|41,000|kg|adj=on}} rocket, measuring {{convert|23.5|m}} in length with a core diameter of {{convert|1|m|spell=in}}.<ref name="astronautix.com"/> The height to diameter ratio of ASLV was very large which resulted in the vehicle being unstable in flight. This was compounded by the fact that many of the critical events during a launch like the core ignition and the booster separation happened at the [[Tropopause]] where the dynamic loads on the launcher was at the maximum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/160902/ur-rao-isro-aslv-unispace-cryogenic/|title=U.R. Rao, Former Chairman Who Helped ISRO Settle Down|last=Mukunth|first=Vasudevan|website=thewire.in|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref>

==History==
The ASLV made four launches, of which one was successful, two failed to achieve orbit, and a third achieved a lower than planned orbit which decayed quickly. The type made its maiden flight on 24 March 1987, and its final flight on 4 May 1994.

== Launch statistics == 

{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart
| float = center
| width = 500
| height = 300
| stack = 1
| group 1 = 1:1:0:0:0:0:0:0
| group 2 = 0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0
| group 3 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
| colors = FireBrick : Orange: ForestGreen
| group names = Failure : Partial failure : Success
| units suffix = _launches
| x legends = 1987 ::: 1990 :::: 1994
}}

==Launch history==
All four ASLV launches occurred from the ASLV Launch Pad at the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Sriharikota Range]]. For vertically integrated ASLV, many SLV-3 ground facilities were reused but a new launch pad with retractable Mobile Service Structure was constructed within the same launch complex.<ref name="FFH2RP_Ch_4.1">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c25-mars-orbiter-mission/fishing-hamlet-to-red-planet-download-e-book|title=From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India's Space Journey|last=Indian Space Research Organization|publisher=Harper Collins|year=2015|isbn=9789351776901|location=India|pages=328, 329|language=en|chapter=4.1 The Spaceport of ISRO - K. Narayana|quote=While most of the facilities realised for SLV-3 was utilised for ASLV, a new launch pad was built in the same complex.This was because, unlike SLV-3, the ASLV had strap-ons and was vertically integrated.}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Flight №
! scope="col" | Date / time ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])
! scope="col" | Rocket,
Configuration
! scope="col" | Launch site
! scope="col" | Payload
! scope="col" | Payload mass
! scope="col" | Orbit
! scope="col" | User
! scope="col" | Launch <br /> outcome
|-
! scope="row" rowspan = 2 style="text-align:center;|D1
| 24 March 1987<ref name="LL">{{cite web|url=http://www.planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|title=Launch Log|access-date=19 December 2011}}</ref>
| ASLV
| [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
| [[Stretched Rohini Satellite Series#SROSS A And SROSS B|SROSS-A]]
| {{convert|150|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|
|
| {{Failure}}
|-
| colspan=9 |First stage failed to ignite after launch
|-
! scope="row" rowspan = 2 style="text-align:center;|D2
| 13 July 1988<ref name="LL"/>
| ASLV
| [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
| [[Stretched Rohini Satellite Series#SROSS A And SROSS B|SROSS-B]]
| {{convert|150|kg|abbr=on}}
|
|
| {{Failure}}
|-
| colspan=9 |Control problems caused launcher to disintegrate
|-
! scope="row" rowspan = 2 style="text-align:center;|D3
| 20 May 1992<ref name="LL"/>
| ASLV
| [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
| [[Stretched Rohini Satellite Series#SROSS C|SROSS-C]]
| {{convert|106|kg|abbr=on}}
|
|
| {{Partial failure}}<ref name="heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov">http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/sross3.html</ref>
|-
| colspan=9 |Orbit lower than expected and incorrect spin-stabilization. Decayed quickly.
|-
! scope="row" rowspan = 2 style="text-align:center;|D4
| 5 May 1994<ref name="LL"/><ref name="isro-aslv">{{cite web | url=https://www.isro.gov.in/launchers/list-of-aslv-launches | title=List of ASLV Launches | access-date=January 8, 2019}}</ref>
| ASLV
| [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
| [[Stretched Rohini Satellite Series#SROSS C2|SROSS-C2]]
| {{convert|113|kg|abbr=on}}
|
|
| {{Success}}<ref name="heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov"/>
|-
| colspan=9 |
|-
|}

== See also ==

*[[Comparison of orbital launchers families]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Expendable launch systems}}
{{Indian space programme}}

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2014}}

[[Category:Space programme of India]]
[[Category:Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
[[Category:ISRO space launch vehicles]]
[[Category:Expendable space launch systems]]
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1987]]

Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle - Revision history

>Monkbot at 03:59, 30 December 2020