Kamal Guha at 10:06, 23 November 2023

2023-11-23T10:06:20Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
[[File:1 Hinayana style Aurangabad Buddhist Cave with stupa.jpg|thumb|[[Chaitya]] with [[stupa]], Cave IV (4), Aurangabad Caves]]
[[File:Aurangabad Caves.JPG|thumb|Aurangabad Caves, from a distance]]
The '''Aurangabad caves''' are twelve rock-cut [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] shrines located on a hill running roughly east to west, close to the city of [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra]]. The first reference to the Aurangabad Caves is in the great [[chaitya]] of [[Kanheri Caves]]. The Aurangabad Caves were dug out of comparatively soft [[basalt]] rock during the 6th and 7th century.

The caves are divided into three separate groups depending on their location:<ref name="Dulari Qureshi">{{cite book |last1= Qureshi |first1= Dulari |title= Art and Vision of Aurangabad Caves |year= 1998 |publisher= Bhartiya Kala Prakashan|location= New Delhi |isbn=81-86050-11-6}}</ref> these are usually called the "Western Group", with Caves I to V (1 to 5), the "Eastern Group", with Caves VI to IX (6 to 9), and a "Northern Cluster", with the unfinished Caves X to XII (9 to 12).<ref>Fergusson, 385-392; Brancaccio, "Contents" etc</ref>

The carvings at the Aurangabad Caves are notable for including Hinayana style stupa, Mahayana art work and [[Vajrayana]] goddess. These caves are among those in India that show 1st millennium CE Buddhist artwork with goddesses such as [[Durga]], and gods such as [[Ganesha]], although Buddhist caves in other parts of India with these arts are older.<ref name="Brancaccio2010">{{cite book|author=Pia Brancaccio|title=The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_4pXm7dD78C&pg=PA206 |year=2010|publisher=BRILL Academic |isbn=978-90-04-18525-8|pages=21, 41, 150, 181, 190–192, 202–209 with footnotes}}</ref> Numerous Buddhist deities of the Tantra tradition are also carved in these caves.<ref name="Brancaccio2010"/><ref>{{cite book|author1=David B. Gray|author2=Ryan Richard Overbey|title=Tantric Traditions in Transmission and Translation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OJWCCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA47 |year=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-990952-0|pages=47–48}}</ref>

{{coord|19.917|N|75.312|E|format=dms|display=title}}

== Introduction ==
The cave temples of Aurangabad carved between the 6th and the 8th century are nine kilometers from Aurangabad city center, a few kilometers from the campus of Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University ,Soneri Mahal and the Bibi-ka-Maqbara.<ref>[http://newsarti.com/article/aurangabad-caves Aurangabad Caves] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927224604/http://newsarti.com/article/aurangabad-caves |date=27 September 2013 }} "The cave temples of Aurangabad cut between the 6th and the 8th century are nine kilometers from Aurangabad, near Bibi-ka-Maqbara."</ref>

Carved in the Sihaychal ranges, the Aurangabad caves somewhat have been overshadowed by the UNESCO World Heritage monuments of [[Ellora Caves|Ellora]] and [[Ajanta Caves|Ajanta]] cave temples. Though its sculptures are comparable to Ajanta and Ellora, the caves are much smaller, more decrepit and less visited. Though in the 20th century, a few scholars started looking at these cave temples as a missing link between Ajanta and Ellora and also after an exhaustive study, were compelled to describe it as a " Sensitive remaking of life situated in time and space span".<ref name="Dulari Qureshi"/>
It is a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maharashtra.asp|title= Aurangabad Caves|access-date=2012-05-19}}</ref>

==Caves I and III==
"Caves I and III of Aurangabad and last caves of Ajanta co-existed as is apparent from striking parallels which we come across while examining both the sites. Again at Aurangabad after a careful study of both caves I and III, the conclusion the Historians have come to is that cave III was earlier to cave I. In Cave III the artist seems to have decorated with surprisingly neat and organized designs of fretwork, scrolls, panel of couples, tassels, flowers, geometrical designs, and highest point of perfection and consummation."<ref>Qureshi Dulari, "Art and Vision of Aurangabad Caves," Chapter I p.10</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:1 Aurangabad Buddhist Caves.jpg|Aurangabad caves from distance
File:Aurangabad Caves Pespective.jpg|Stone stairs leading to an entrance
File:Aurangabad Caves, another view.JPG|Various sculptures next to an entrance
File:1 dancing goddess with other mothers at Aurangabad Buddhist Caves.jpg|Dancing goddess
File:2 Vajrayana mother goddesses at Aurangabad Buddhist Caves.jpg|Mother goddesses (Matrikas) of Vajrayana Buddhism
File:A medidating Buddha at Aurangabad Buddhist Caves.jpg|Meditating Buddha
File:Aurangabad caves close view.jpg|A close view of the sealed part of Aurangabad Caves
File:Aurangabad-caves.jpg|Approach to Aurangabad Caves
File:Aurangabad caves (41).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 41
File:Aurangabad - Ajanta Caves (9).JPG
File:Aurangabad caves (97).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 97
File:Bust of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar at Aurangabad caves.jpg
File:Aurangabad caves (101).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 101
File:Aurangabad caves (127).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 127
File:Aurangabad caves (109).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 109
File:Aurangabad caves (116).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 116
File:Aurangabad caves (184).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 184
File:Aurangabad Caves.JPG
File:Aurangabad caves (161).jpg
File:Aurangabad caves (24).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 24
File:Aurangabad caves (164).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 164
File:Aurangabad caves (120).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 120
File:Aurangabad caves (184).jpg|Aurangabad Caves
File:Aurangabad caves (177).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 177
File:Aurangabad caves (72).jpg|Aurangabad Caves
File:Aurangabad caves (68).jpg|Aurangabad Caves
File:Aurangabad caves (183).jpg|Stone pillars at Aurangabad caves 183
File:Aurangabad caves (22).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 22
File:Aurangabad caves (145).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 145
File:Aurangabad caves (69).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 69
File:Aquifer at Aurangabad Caves.jpg|Aquifer at Aurangabad Caves
File:Aurangabad caves (147).jpg|Aurangabad Caves 147

</gallery>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book|author=Pia Brancaccio|title=The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_4pXm7dD78C&pg=PA206 |year=2010|publisher=BRILL Academic |isbn=978-90-04-18525-8}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fergusson|first=James|year=1880|title=The cave temples of India|publisher=London : Allen|url=https://archive.org/stream/cavetemplesofind00ferguoft }}
*Ganvir, Shrikant, "Built Spaces: On Aurangabad caves in conversation with Dr. Shrikant Ganvir", Video (40 mins), [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31r1kNjBbBY on You Tube]
*Harle, J.C., ''The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent'', 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, {{ISBN|0300062176}}
*Michell, George, ''The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu'', 1989, Penguin Books, {{ISBN|0140081445}}

==External sources==
{{Commons category|Aurangabad Caves}}
*Video of Aurangabad Caves [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnXkn3C5DTo]

{{Buddhist sites in Maharashtra}}
{{Indian Buddhist Caves}}

[[Category:Caves of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Aurangabad, Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian rock-cut architecture]]
[[Category:Buddhist caves in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist sites in Maharashtra]]
[[Language:Gujarati]]

Aurangabad Caves - Revision history

Kamal Guha at 10:06, 23 November 2023