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{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
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[[Image:Asif muharram 1795 1.jpg|350px|thumb|right|'''The Muharram, 1795''': [[Asaf-Ud-Dowlah|Asaf ud Daula]], [[Nawab of Awadh|Nawab of Oudh]], listening at night to the [[maulvi]] reading from the scriptures during [[Muharram]], c. 1795. ]]

'''Azadari in Lucknow''' or '''''Mourning in Lucknow''''', is name of the practices related to mourning and commemoration of the anniversary of the death of [[Imam]] [[Husayn ibn Ali]] at the [[Battle of Karbala]] in 680,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.al-islam.org/four-californian-lectures-sayyid-akhtar-rizvi/azadari |title=Azadari | Four Californian Lectures | Books on Islam and Muslims |publisher=Al-Islam.org |accessdate=2014-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222011521/http://www.al-islam.org/four-californian-lectures-sayyid-akhtar-rizvi/azadari |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> particularly in ''period of Muharram'' (in the Indian sub-continent ''Muharram'' in the context of remembrance of the events of Karbala means the period of two months & eight days i.e. 68 days starting from the evening of 29 Zill-Hijjah and ending on the evening of 8 Rabi-al-Awwal<ref>[https://archive.today/20120711040119/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-02/allahabad/30466958_1_mehndi-processions-martyrdom-of-imam-husain-anjumans The Times of India, Muharram: Mehndi processions to be taken out tomorrow], ''The Times of India'', 2 December 2011</ref>) and in general round the year.

The [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] banned the processions in 1977 because of riots and violence.<ref name="twocircles-2010dec16" /> As a result of protests, demonstrations, court arrests, self immolations and deaths of Shia youth, under the leadership of shia ulemas, the Shias were permitted by the government to stage an Azadari procession in January 1998 (21st of Ramzan).<ref name="pasdaran-aza">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pasdaranehussain.com/aza.html |title=Tanzeem-e-Pasdaran-e-Husain, Azadari Movement |access-date=1 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020142345/http://pasdaranehussain.com/aza.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A limited number of processions are allowed, and security is tight.<ref name="twocircles-2010dec16">[http://twocircles.net/2010dec16/no_new_muharram_procession_allowed_lucknow.html No new Muharram procession allowed in Lucknow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604141207/http://twocircles.net/2010dec16/no_new_muharram_procession_allowed_lucknow.html |date=4 June 2012 }}, TwoCircles.net, 16 December 2010</ref>

==Azadari during Nawabi period==
Nawab Asafudaula used to spend 60,000 Rupees on a single Muharram.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=r5cfAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&dq=muharram+in+lucknow&source=bl&ots=cYOu43e4ri&sig=Qvwzsw-sGEM6vCTvPBctKYDIELc&hl=en#v=onepage&q=muharram%20lucknow&f=false Islam in India and Pakistan] By Annemarie Schimmel, BRILL, 1982</ref>

==Communal riots and ban on azadari in Lucknow==

During Nawabi time Azadari practices were even observed by non-Shias, particularly Sunni Muslims of lower stratum. [[William Henry Sleeman|Sleeman]], who spent considerable time in Lucknow notes that the Shias and the Sunnis participated with equal enthusiasm in practices of Muharram.<ref name="Com-Riots">[https://books.google.com/books?id=yB5NM0o3I9QC&pg=PA147&dq=muharram+in+lucknow&hl=en#v=onepage&q=muharram%20lucknow&f=false Communal riots in post-independence India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223010557/https://books.google.com/books?id=yB5NM0o3I9QC&pg=PA147&dq=muharram+in+lucknow&hl=en#v=onepage&q=muharram%20lucknow&f=false |date=23 December 2016 }} By Asgharali Engineer, Universities Press, 1991</ref><ref name="Qaum">[https://books.google.com/books?id=OaIUuiXQqZUC&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq=%22Allsop+committee%22+Lucknow&source=bl&ots=m3Uq8t2zjx&sig=BlP1NY5TQhg2xaEcoLWuP4u3q7U&hl=en#v=onepage&q=%22Allsop%20committee%22%20Lucknow&f=false Rallying around the Qaum: The Muslims of the United Provinces and the movement for Pakistan, 1935—1947] By Venkat Dhulipala, ProQuest, 2008</ref><ref name="ShiaIslam-ColonialIndia">[https://books.google.com/books?id=rrioNz8_EwwC&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=%22Allsop+committee%22+Lucknow&source=bl&ots=9eyDrOmClR&sig=Kv5xmuN8G-xJh9FdOaiF6FHws5E&hl=en#v=onepage&q=%22Allsop%20committee%22%20Lucknow&f=false Shi'a Islam in Colonial India: Religion, Community and Sectarianism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222235311/https://books.google.com/books?id=rrioNz8_EwwC&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=%22Allsop+committee%22+Lucknow&source=bl&ots=9eyDrOmClR&sig=Kv5xmuN8G-xJh9FdOaiF6FHws5E&hl=en#v=onepage&q=%22Allsop%20committee%22%20Lucknow&f=false |date=22 December 2016 }} Justin Jones, Cambridge University Press, 24 October 2011</ref>

Riots took place in 1908, 1930s, 1968, 1969, 1974 and 1977. The [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] banned the processions in 1977.<ref name="pasdaran-aza" />

Even the Shias and Sunnis concede that the Shia-Sunni conflict in Lucknow is not long-standing. They date it back to start of the 20th century.<ref name="Com-Riots" />

===Riot of 1908 and Piggot committee===
The first Shia–Sunni riot occurred in 1908, when a ''tazia'' procession of Shias was attacked by a group of militant Sunnis hiding in a Sunni mosque. After which a four-member committee under the chairmanship of Justice T. C. Piggot, an ICS officer and a judge of High Court was formed to look into the matter. The conclusion of committee was that "''the attempt to transform the tazia processions in honour of first four Caliphs was an innovation. "The personal knowledge of those members of the Committee who are well acquainted with Lucknow is on the whole favourable to Shia view."'' The Committee also recommended that there should be general prohibition against the organised recitation of ''Madhe-Sahaba'' verses on three days, viz., ''ashura'' (the tenth day of Muharram), ''Chehlum'' (the fortieth day of ''ashura''), and the twenty-first day of Ramzan. The Government accepted the report of the Committee.<ref name="Com-Riots" /><ref name="Qaum" /><ref name="ShiaIslam-ColonialIndia" />

===Tensions in 1930s, riot of 1935 and Allsop committee===
In 1935, on the day of ''Chehlum'', some sunnis defied the order and recited the ''Madhe-Sahaba'', which resulted in immediate tensions and skirmishes between Shias and Sunnis. For three months Sunnis built pressure by defying prohibitory orders. When other re-conciliatory efforts failed, the government appointed the Allsop Committee under Justice Allsop of Allahabad High Court to consider the question of public recitation of the ''Madhe-Sahaba'' afresh. The Allsop Committee reiterated the position of Piggott Committee. Eventually, on 28 March 1938, the Government published the Allsop Committee's report and stood by it.<ref name="Com-Riots" /><ref name="Qaum" /><ref name="ShiaIslam-ColonialIndia" />

===Civil disobedience movement of 1938 & sanctions on ''Madhe-Sahaba'' during ''Barawafat''===
The Sunnis were dissatisfied with the decision of Government to adhere to suggestions made in Allsop Committee report and started a civil disobedience movement. In late April 1938, Zafrul Malik and Abdul Shakur, the two main leaders of ''Madhe-Sahaba'' movement with 26 eminent Sunni ''ulemas'' declared in a public meeting that recitation of ''Madhe-Sahaba'' could not be restricted for even a single day. The next day, bricks were thrown at a Shia ''Tazia'' procession in Patanala; 10 people were killed and several dozens injured. Next several months saw a buildup in tensions between Shias and Sunnis. To defend themselves and coordinate their civil disobedience campaigns, the Sunnis formed the ''Anjuman Tahaffuz-e-Namus Sahaba'' and the Shias formed the ''Anjuman Tanzimul Momineen''.<ref name="Com-Riots" /><ref name="Qaum" /><ref name="ShiaIslam-ColonialIndia" />

After negotiations with Sunnis, the Congress Government issued, on 31 March 1939, a communique which stated that "the Sunnis will in any circumstances be given the opportunity of reciting Madhe-Sahaba at a public meeting, and in a procession every year on the barawafat day subject to the condition that the time, place and route thereof shall be fixed by district authorities." But the Government failed to engage Shias in negotiations or inform them beforehand of the ruling.<ref name="Com-Riots" /><ref name="Qaum" />

===Civil disobedience movement, riot of 1939 and ban on ''Madhe-Sahaba'' and ''Tabarra''===
{{see also|Tabarra agitation}}
[[Image:Shia volunteer arrestees, Bada Imambada, Lucknow, April 1939.jpeg|thumb|250px|Crowds of Shia volunteer arrestees assembled in the compound of Asaf-ud-Daula Imambada ([[Bara Imambara]]) in preparation of ''tabarra'', April 1939]]

The Shias initiated a civil disobedience movement as a result of the ruling. Some 1,800 Shias publicly protested,<ref name="Com-Riots" /> including prominent Shia figures such as Syed Ali Zaheer (newly elected MLA from Allahabad-Jaunpur), the Princes of the royal family of Awadh, the son of Maulana Nasir a respected Shia ''mujtahid'' (the eldest son, student and designated successor of Maulana Nasir Hussain), Maulana Sayed Kalb-e-Husain and his son Maulana Kalb-e-Abid (both ''ulema'' of [[Nasirabadi family]]) and the brothers of Raja of Salempur and the Raja of Pirpur, important ML leaders. It was believed that Maulana Nasir himself besides the top ranking ML leaders such as [[Mohammad Amir Ahmad Khan|Raja of Mahmudabad]] and Raja of Pirpur would together court arrest.<ref>Karim ur Raza Khan to Jinnah, 27 April 1939, Madhe Sahaba file, ''Qaid-i-zamPapaers''.</ref> A conference arbitrated by [[Maulana Azad]] failed to produce a settlement.<ref name="Com-Riots" /> The next day was the ''Barawafat'', and the Sunnis performed a ''Madhe-Sahaba'' procession. The Shias were also allowed a procession, and a riot occurred during which several people were killed. The district authorities banned the public recitation of ''Madhe-Sahaba'' and ''Tabarra'' in processions and meetings held in public places in 1940 (the following year).<ref name="Com-Riots" /><ref name="Qaum" /><ref name="ShiaIslam-ColonialIndia" />

===1940s===
The Shia-Sunni problem of Lucknow persisted through the 1940s.<ref name="ShiaIslam-ColonialIndia" />

===1950s===
In early 1950s too district administration kept refusing ''Madhe-Sahaba'' processions and counter processions and courts upheld such stands.<ref>[http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1702805/&sa=U&ei=IIzlTq-WOMqqrAfE7Kn2Bw&ved=0CCgQFjAG&sig2=lJ5-DsXnei15n2vjVN5LHA&usg=AFQjCNGhAEpmiiwlxGaYKhtPnp3WmlbKrA Mohammad Siddiqui vs State Of U.P. And Anr. on 21 July 1954] {{dead link|date=December 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}},
[[Allahabad High Court]],

Equivalent citations: AIR 1954 All 756,
Author: Malik,
Bench: Malik, R Singh,
Judgement: Malik, C.J.

</ref>

===1960s===
After unrest in the earlier part of the year, a riot occurred on 26 May 1969 after a Shia procession was brick-batted from a Sunni mosque near Mahmood Nagar.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WAJuAAAAMAAJ&q=chup+tazia&dq=chup+tazia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=SOD6UK3iNsONmQXexYCICg&ved=0CC0Q6AEwADgK Islamic society and culture: essays in honour of Professor Aziz Ahmad], ʻAzīz Aḥmad, Milton Israel, Manohar, 1983, Collection of articles honoring Aziz Ahmad, 1913–1978, historian of Muslim life and Culture.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=CuYEAAAAMAAJ&q=chup+tazia&dq=chup+tazia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nez6UOmSJ4WIrAegkYG4Dg&sqi=2&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCg Violence erupts], Sugata Dasgupta, Dileep Padgaonker, Radha Krishna, 1978</ref>

==Azadari movement in Lucknow==
Following the ban in 1977 Shia leadership and community continued to agitate peacefully and annually offered mass arrests during ''period of Muharram''. These practices for protests continued for 20 years until 1997 during which processions were banned on public roads while majalises and processions were allowed in private campuses such as homes, Imambarahs, Karbala, etc.

===Successive movement and events===
[[Image:Muharram procession Lucknow India (Jan 2007).jpg|thumb|250px|Muharram procession in Lucknow, India, Jan 2007.]]
{{As of|2010}} the district administration allows only a limited number of processions, and security is tight.<ref name="twocircles-2010dec16"/> On 17 December 2010 on [[day of Ashura]] Shia Sunni clash in Lucknow happened which left three injured.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://twocircles.net/2010dec18/shia_sunni_clash_lucknow_during_muharram.html|title=Shia Sunni clash in Lucknow during Muharram – TwoCircles.net|access-date=1 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008233835/http://twocircles.net/2010dec18/shia_sunni_clash_lucknow_during_muharram.html|archive-date=8 October 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2013, on 16 January two people were killed and several more seriously injured when gunmen fired shots at people coming out of a "majlis" at Deputy Saheb ka Imambara in Agha Mir Dyodhi locality in the Wazirganj. The next day, two youths were attacked at a protest while placing the body of one of the victims the Chowk crossing.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/1-killed-in-sectarian-clash-in-lucknow/1060605/ | title=1 killed in sectarian clash in Lucknow | work=The Indian Express| date=17 January 2013 | accessdate=18 January 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120052154/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/1-killed-in-sectarian-clash-in-lucknow/1060605 | archive-date=20 January 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-18/lucknow/36414366_1_funeral-procession-tazia-procession-police-stations | title=Cops' inaction leads to more violence in Lucknow | date=18 January 2013 | accessdate=18 January 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521042154/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-18/lucknow/36414366_1_funeral-procession-tazia-procession-police-stations | archive-date=21 May 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/lucknow-riots-on-2-stabbed/1061054/0 | title=Lucknow riots on, 2 stabbed | work=The Indian Express| date=18 January 2013 | accessdate=18 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://twocircles.net/2013jan18/sectarian_violence_lucknow_tension_prevails.html | title=Sectarian violence in Lucknow; Tension prevails | publisher=TwoCircles.net | date=18 January 2013 | accessdate=18 January 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121032710/http://twocircles.net/2013jan18/sectarian_violence_lucknow_tension_prevails.html | archive-date=21 January 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-19/lucknow/36431552_1_trauma-centre-post-mortem-funeral-procession | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216064420/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-19/lucknow/36431552_1_trauma-centre-post-mortem-funeral-procession | url-status=dead | archive-date=16 February 2013 | title=Second death in Lucknow's Old City firing incident | date=19 January 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate=20 January 2013}}</ref>

==Imambaras, Dargahs, Karbalas and Rauzas==
Following is list of notable [[Imambara]]s, [[Dargah]]s, [[Karbala#Indian subcontinent|Karbala]]s and [[Rauza]]s:
* Aasafi Imambara or [[Bara Imambara]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lucknow.me/Bada-Imambara.html |title=Lucknow | Bada Imambara ..::: |publisher=Lucknow.me |accessdate=2014-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129155914/http://www.lucknow.me/Bada-Imambara.html |archive-date=29 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Imambara Husainabad Mubarak or [[Chhota Imambara]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lucknow.me/Chota-Imambara.html |title=Lucknow | Chota Imambara ..::: |publisher=Lucknow.me |date=1994-06-06 |accessdate=2014-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415000915/http://www.lucknow.me/Chota-Imambara.html |archive-date=15 April 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Imambara Ghufran Ma'ab]]
* Dargah of Abbas, Rustam Nagar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lucknow.me/Dargah-of-Hazrat-Abbas.html |title=Lucknow | Dargah of Hazrat Abbas ..::: |publisher=Lucknow.me |date=1997-07-23 |accessdate=2014-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129160058/http://www.lucknow.me/Dargah-of-Hazrat-Abbas.html |archive-date=29 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Dargah of Abbas, Karbala Musahab-ud-Daulah (Misri ki Baghiya).
* Imambara of Bi Misri Saheba (Associated with Ali Akber, Karbala Musahab-ud-Daulah (Misri ki Baghiya).
* Imambara of Moghul Saheba, the highest "Mimber" in India is kept in this Imambara.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lucknow.me/Imambara-of-Moghul-Saheba.html |title=Lucknow | Imambara of Moghul Saheba ..::: |publisher=Lucknow.me |accessdate=2014-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129095138/http://www.lucknow.me/Imambara-of-Moghul-Saheba.html |archive-date=29 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Imambara of Zain-ul-Abidin Khan<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lucknow.me/Imambara-of-Zain-ul-Abidin-Khan.html |title=Lucknow | Imambara of Zain-ul-Abidin Khan ..::: |publisher=Lucknow.me |accessdate=2014-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129155714/http://www.lucknow.me/Imambara-of-Zain-ul-Abidin-Khan.html |archive-date=29 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Karbala of Dayanat-ud-Daulah<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lucknow.me/Karbala-of-Dayanat-ud-Daulah.html |title=Lucknow | Karbala of Dayanat-ud-Daulah ..::: |publisher=Lucknow.me |accessdate=2014-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129151130/http://www.lucknow.me/Karbala-of-Dayanat-ud-Daulah.html |archive-date=29 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Karbala King Naseer-ud-Din Haider<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lucknow.me/Karbala-Naseer-ud-Din-Haider.html |title=Lucknow | Karbala Naseer-ud-Din Haider ..::: |publisher=Lucknow.me |date=1998-02-18 |accessdate=2014-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129155929/http://www.lucknow.me/Karbala-Naseer-ud-Din-Haider.html |archive-date=29 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Karbala Agha Meer or Karbala Moata-mud-Daula, Narhi, Lucknow
* Imambara Sibtainabad Mubarak or Imambara Jannat Nasheen<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lucknow.me/Maqbara-Imambara-Sibtainabad.html |title=Lucknow | Maqbara of Amjad Ali Shah | Imambara Sibtainabad ..::: |publisher=Lucknow.me |date=1998-05-27 |accessdate=2014-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108062107/http://lucknow.me/Maqbara-Imambara-Sibtainabad.html |archive-date=8 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Karbala Shraf-ud-Daulah (Rauza Kazmain)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lucknow.me/Rauza-Kazmain.html |title=Lucknow | Rauza Kazmain ..::: |publisher=Lucknow.me |date=1997-11-05 |accessdate=2014-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129151635/http://www.lucknow.me/Rauza-Kazmain.html |archive-date=29 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Imambara Shah Najaf]] (Associated with Imam Ali.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lucknow.me/Shah-Najaf-Imambara.html |title=Lucknow | Shah Najaf Imambara ..::: |publisher=Lucknow.me |date=1997-09-24 |accessdate=2014-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129160642/http://www.lucknow.me/Shah-Najaf-Imambara.html |archive-date=29 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Karbala Mir Khuda Baksh or Talkatora Karbala & Imambara Kaiwan Jah<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lucknow.me/Talkatora-Karbala-Imambara-Kaiwan-Jah.html |title=Lucknow | Talkatora Karbala & Imambara Kaiwan Jah ..::: |publisher=Lucknow.me |date=1999-02-06 |accessdate=2014-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129155538/http://www.lucknow.me/Talkatora-Karbala-Imambara-Kaiwan-Jah.html |archive-date=29 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Karbala Azimullah Khan or Nehro wali Karbala.
* Imambara of Agha Baqar (Associated with Abbas).
* Karbala Malika Afaq Sahiba (Ghaar ki Karbala) or Karbala-e-Askarien.
* Karbala Malika Jahan Sahiba (Aishbagh ki Karbala).
* Karbala Rafiq-ud-Daulah (Karbala Abbas Bagh).
* Imambara of Saudagar.
* Imambara of Nazim Saheb.
* Imambara of (Nawab Salarjung Bahadur) Mirza Mohammad Ali Khan Saheb or Kaala Imambara.

===Alam-e-Fateh-e-Furat of Muharram 8===
'''''Alam-e-Fateh-e-Furat''''' originates from the Daryawali Masjid behind [[King George Medical College|Medical College]] in late evening. This procession ends at the [[Imambara Ghufran Ma'ab]] at around midnight. Lakhs of Shias from Lucknow and the neighbouring districts take part in the procession.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-03-12/lucknow/27270386_1_tajuddin-haider-zakhmi-lakhnavi-hazrat-imam-husain | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216081517/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-03-12/lucknow/27270386_1_tajuddin-haider-zakhmi-lakhnavi-hazrat-imam-husain | url-status=dead | archive-date=16 February 2013 | title=Remembering Hazrat Abbas | date=12 March 2003 | work=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate=18 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-02-28/lucknow/28345601_1_zakhmi-lakhnavi-tajuddin-haider-imambara-ghufran-ma-ab | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216065127/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-02-28/lucknow/28345601_1_zakhmi-lakhnavi-tajuddin-haider-imambara-ghufran-ma-ab | url-status=dead | archive-date=16 February 2013 | title=Remembering Hazrat Abbas | date=28 February 2004 | work=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate=18 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-01-29/lucknow/27878764_1_imambaras-shias-maulana-jawwad | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216073817/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-01-29/lucknow/27878764_1_imambaras-shias-maulana-jawwad | url-status=dead | archive-date=16 February 2013 | title=Cleric to Muslims: Be tolerant | date=29 January 2007 | work=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate=18 January 2013}}</ref>

===Alam-e-Shab-e-Ashur of Muharram 9===
'''''Alam-e-Shab-e-Ashur''''' originates from Imambada Nazim Saheb located on Victoria Street in late evening. After the Shahi processions of 1st Muharram and 7th Muharram this is one of the oldest procession in first 10 days of Muharram in Lucknow that started in 1926 by Late Qaiser Husain Rizvi. In 1361(AH) to mark the 1300 years of the event of Karbala in memory of Imam Husain, a committee was formed by the name of Yaadgaray Husaini and this procession in that year was named as Yaadgaray Husaini but after the dissolution of the committee in 1939, Qaiser Husain Rizvi again took the responsibility and since then it is popularly known as Alam e Shab e Ashur. Following his death in 1971 his nephews continued this tradition up till now.This procession starts from Imambada Nazim Sahab and ends at Dargah Abbas (Rustam Nagar)at around close to early morning. Several hundreds of thousands (Lakhs) of Shias from Lucknow and neighboring districts participate in the procession.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToPrint_TOI&Type=text%2Fhtml&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOIL%2F2010%2F12%2F17&ID=Pc00115 |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080216/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToPrint_TOI&Type=text%2Fhtml&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOIL%2F2010%2F12%2F17&ID=Pc00115 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Yaad-e-Sakina " Remembering Bibi Sakina"===

This is a Mourning event organised on the 4th Sunday of the month of Muharram every year at Imambara Husainabad Mubarak (The Chhota Imambara), Husainabad. During this grief-stricken event a temporary small scale replica of the "Qaid Khana" (Prison or Dungeon) is constructed with a small grave of Bibi Saiyyada Sakina inside this "Qaid Khana" to depict the Agony of Bibi Saiyyada Sakina. Thousands of mourners gather here to visit the "Qaid Khana" and to pay tribute to Bibi Saiyyada Sakina. This sorrowful event was first held in the year 1990 A.D. by Late Muhammad Sarfaraz Khan Sahab (Late. Banney Miya Sahab) of Beal Wala Tila, Muftiganj, Lucknow. The members of Anjuman-e-Gulzaar-e-Panjetan take active part in the organisation and management of this event.

==See also==
* [[Azadari]]
* [[Hussainia]]
* [[Soaz]]
* [[Ta'zieh]]
* [[Marsia]]
* [[Noha]]
* [[Tatbeer]]
* [[Qama Zani]]
* [[Talwar]]
* [[Imambaras of Lucknow]]
*[[Madhe Sahaba Agitation]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [https://archive.today/20070722183917/http://www.aimislam.com/ashura/triumph.html Husayn's Legacy: The Triumph of Truth]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111210053412/http://al-huda.al-khoei.org/news/128/ARTICLE/1084/2005-05-01.html Azadari is a Way of Life]
* [http://www.al-islam.org/ Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project]
* [http://www.al-shia.com/ Ahlul bayt Global Information Center]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081229053118/http://alqaim.info/azadari_art.html What is Azadari?]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111208071129/http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/azadari/en/index.php Mourning for Imam Husayn (p)]
* [http://www.imamalinet.net/ Imam Ali Website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211328/http://www.imamhussain.org/html%26docs/ar/live.html Live Broadcast – Imam Husayn(p) Shrine]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110927073400/http://www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=5075 A Brief Introduction to Majalis and Azadari]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080117220431/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v12f5/v12f5036c.html Husayn ibn 'Ali in popular Shiism] by Jean Calmard, an article of Encyclopædia Iranica.
* [http://twocircles.net/node/179250 Lucknow observes ‘azadaari’ with ritualistic fervor, in tight security, 28 December 2009]

{{Mourning of Muharram}}
{{Muslimholidays}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Azadari in Lucknow}}
[[Category:Mourning of Muharram]]
[[Category:Culture of Lucknow]]
[[Category:Shia Islam in India]]

Azadari in Lucknow - Revision history

>GreenC bot at 15:14, 16 April 2021